外文翻譯---發(fā)展中國家的高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品出口：是真實(shí)的還是統(tǒng)計(jì)的項(xiàng)目

1、1本科畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯外文題目： Exports of High Technology Products from Developing Countries: Is it Real or a Statistical Artifact 出 處： 2000 UNU/INTECH, Discussion Papers 作 者：

2、 Sunil Mani 原 文：Exports of High Technology Products from Developing Countries: Is it Real or a Statistical ArtifactSunil Mani (May 2000)ABSTRACTThis paper first develops a consistent

3、 time-series data on the exports of high technology products from essentially the developing countries. An analysis of the data shows that developing countries are increasingly becoming exporters of manufactured products

4、 as against primary products in the past. Second the world trade is increasingly becoming a trade in high-tech products. What is more striking is the significant increase of the technology content of exports by developin

5、g countries: very nearly a quarter of the exports from developing countries is now in high tech products. Third, the share of developing countries in high tech exports have shown dramatic increases: it has increased from

6、 about 8 per cent in 1988 to about 23 per cent by 1997. But there is considerable concentration of it in a few countries. The paper then seeks to explain whether these developing countries are real exporters of high tech

7、 products or not. This is accomplished by a careful examination of the degree of product specialisation by both developed and developing countries, by examining their record with respect to patenting and finally by analy

8、sing certain indicators of high tech competitiveness. The paper concludes by presenting a case study of a leading high tech exporter from the developing world.1.Definition of High TechnologyEconomists have been attemptin

9、g to measure the technology content of world trade. This is accomplished in terms of the technology embodied in products that are exported from a country. Admittedly it is a difficult exercise and no method is foolproof

10、and perfect. The greatest difficulty is in classifying products according to the technology content embodied in it. Several attempts in this direction have been made in the past. In the following I undertake a quick revi

11、ew of the methodologies. This is essential, as I will attempt to show that depending on the definition of high technology that is employed, it is possible to get significantly different results. The first systematic effo

12、rt in this direction was by Davis (1982). He defined high technology 3all the countries according to their high tech export intensity, and then the ranking is entirely different. (Table 8).Table 7Concentration in Exports

13、 of High Tech Products(Based on absolute values)Share of the top 10 high-tech exporting countries(in per cent)Concentration Within Each Category(in per cent)Share of top 5 developed countriesShare of top 5 developing cou

14、ntries1988 68 66 871989 77 76 871990 75 74 861991 78 78 821992 78 76 851993 77 76 861994 77 75 861995 76 73 871996 74 72 821997 75 72 851998 77 72 95Note: * The top 5 developed countries are the US, Japan, Germany, UKand

15、 France and the top 5 developing countries are Singapore, Korea,Malaysia, China and Mexico.Source: INTECH (2000)Table 8Ranking of Developed and Developing Countries according to High Tech Export Intensitydeveloped countr

16、ies developing countriesrank name Average Export Intensity* rank name Average Export Intensity*1 Ireland 42.82 1 Singapore 49.782 USA 31.9 2 Malaysia 43.133 Japan 25.11 3 Philippines 38.334 UK 24.96 4 Thailand 22.795 Net

17、herlands 21.71 5 Korea 21.62Notes: * Average during the period 1988-98** Malta, which has an average export intensity of 55.72 per cent, is the highest in theworld. For the time being, this has been excluded.Source: INTE

18、CH (2000)It may well be that some of these countries and especially those from the developing world and perhaps Ireland from the developed world are no real manufacturers of high tech products. This point will be examine