簡介：華中師范大學碩士學位論文北約東擴對歐洲地緣政治格局的影響姓名董淑寶申請學位級別碩士專業(yè)國際政治指導教師劉從德20090501⑧＼／碩士學位論文MASTER‘STHESISABSTRACTNAT0ISTHEPRODUCTOFTHECOLDWARWHICHISAUSLEDTOOLOFCONTAININGSOVIETUNIONWESTERNEUROPEANCOUNTRIESRELIEDMAINLYONNATOTOPROTECTTHEIRSAFETYDURINGTHECOLDWARTHEMAINACTORSINEUROPEANAREUSANDSOVIETUNION，BOTHOFWHICHARESUPERPOWERS，THEBASICSTRUCTUREREFLECTEDINSHARPCONFLICTBETWEENUSSOVIETPOLESINALLFIELDSAFTERTHECOLDWARTHECONFLICTOFTWOLARGEGROUPSWASTERMINATED，ANDTHEINTERNATIONALSTRUCTURECAMETOASIGNIFICANTTURNINGPERIOD，THEDEVELOPMENTDIRECTIONOFINTERNATIONALPOLITICALISSTILLNOTCLEARAFTERTHEDISINTEGRATIONOFTHESOVIETUNION，EURASIACENTERAPPEAREDAGEOPOLITICALVACUUM，THEUSLEDNATONIBBLEDTHISAREABYSEVERALROUNDSOFEASTWARDENLARGEMENTTOEXPANDTHEIRGEOPOLITICALSPACE，WHICHPRODUCEDSIGNIFICANTINFLUENCEONEUROPEANGEOPOLITICALSTRUCTUREINTHEPROCESSOFNATO’SEXPANSION，THEMAINACTORSINEUROPEANAREEUROPEANUNION，RUSSIA，US，NATO，ETCTHERELATIONSHIPSAMONGALLACTORSAREFULLOFBOTHCOMPETITIONANDCOOPERATION，THEMAINSITUATIONISTHECOMPETEDCOEXISTENCEBECAUSEOFTHEEXPANSIONOFNATO，RUSSIANGEOPOLITICALSPACEHAVECONTINUOUSLYBEENCOMPRESSED，ANDAROUSEDRUSSIA’SMIGHTILYDISAFFECTION，WHICHHINDEREDTHENORMALIZATIONOFUSRUSSIARELATIONSHIP；THECLOSERELATIONSHIPAMONGNATOCOUNTRIESALSOCAUSEDTHEDISTRUSTANDTHESLOWRELATIONSHIPDEVELOPMENTBETWEENRUSSIAANDEU；EUROPEANCOUNTRIESSTILLNEEDNATO’SPROTECTION，WITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFINTEGRATION，EU’SASPIRATIONOFINDEPENDENTLYHANDLINGEUROPEANAFFAIRSWASSTRENGTHENING，ANDTHECONTRADICTIONSGRADUALLYREVEALEDBETWEENEUANDUS；MANYOFCENTRALANDEASTERNEUROPEANCOUNTRIESQUICKLYTURNEDTOTHEWESTERNCOUNTRIESAFTERTHECOLDWARANDTRIGGEREDCONTRADICTIONSBETWEENTHE“NEWEUROPE’’AND“OLDEUROPE”NATO’SEASTWARDEXPANSIONISANIMPORTANTSTEPOFUSGLOBALSTRATEGIES，ITCAUSEDSIGNIFICANTINFLUENCEONINTERNATIONALGEOPOLITICALSTRUCTURE，WHICHACTUALLYINCREASEDTHELEADINGEXISTENCEOFUSINEUROPEANANDINTERNATIONALGEOPOLITICALSTRUCTURE，WHICHISABHORRENTWITHTHEMULTIPOLARIZATIONVIEWPOINTOFMANYOTHERCOUNTRIES；NATO’SCONTINUOUSEASTWARDEXPANSIONWILLPRODUCEGREATGEOPOLITICALPRESSURETOCHINA，WEMUSTADOPTRATIONALGEOPOLITICALSTRATEGYTESPONSETHETHREATKEYWORDSNATO’SEASTWARDEXPANSION；GEOSTRATEGICRELATIONS；GEOPOLITICALSTRUCTUREII

簡介：河北師范大學碩士學位論文近兩屆世界杯、歐洲杯足球比賽進球的研究姓名孟令峰申請學位級別碩士專業(yè)體育教育訓練學指導教師李德甫200704014直接腳傳進球比例呈逐年上升的趨勢，而運控突傳進球的比例呈逐年下降的趨勢，頭頂球進球的變化不大。關鍵詞足球歐洲杯世界杯進球LL

簡介：海南師范大學碩士學位論文生態(tài)哲學視域下的課堂文化研究姓名馮燕華申請學位級別碩士專業(yè)課程與教學論指導教師關文信20100401IIABSTRACTVIEWININGCLASSROOMCULTUREWITHTHETHOUGHTOFECOLOGICALPHILOSOPHYMEANSTOSTUDYCLASSROOMCULTUREWITHTHOUGHTSSUCHASTHESYSTEMVIEWTHEWHOLEVIEWCONTACTTHOUGHT，PROCESSVIEWETCTOEXPLAINTHECONTENTTHEMAINCOMPOSINGFACTOFCLASSROOMCULTURETOANALYZETHEESSENCEACTERISTICOFTHEECOCLASSROOMCULTURETOPUTFWARDTHEFEASIBLESTRATEGIESTOSETUPECOCLASSROOMCULTUREONTHISFOUNDATIONINDERTOIMPROVECLASSROOMCULTUREHELPTHESTUDENTTODEVELOPTHISTEXTTOTALLYCARRIESONTREATISEFROMFIVEPARTSFIRSTPARTGAVETHEIGINOFTHERESEARCHDISCUSSEDTHEIMPTANCEOFCLASSROOMCULTUREINASYSTEMATICWAYPRESENTCONDITIONOFTHECLASSROOMCULTURETHELIMITATIONSOFREFMSTRATEGIESTHENFOUNDOUTTHESOURCEOFTHEPROBLEMTHEINFLUENCEOFMODERNPHILOSOPHYACTSIZEDWITH“MACHINE”“DUALITY””CLOSED”“CONTROL”PUTFWARDTOVIEWREFMCLASSROOMCULTUREWITHECOSYSTEMPHILOSOPHYTHENOUTLINEDTHEBACKGROUNDTHATECOLOGICALPHILOSOPHYWASCREATEDTHEBASICTHOUGHTOFITTHEPOSSIBILITIESOFSTUDINGCLASSROOMCULTUREWITHECOLOGICALPHILOSOPHYSECONDPARTEXPLAINEDTHECONTENTTHEMAINCOMPOSINGFACTSOFCLASSROOMCULTUREFMTHEANGLEOFECOSYSTEMPHILOSOPHYWEVIEWEDCLASSROOMCULTUREFROMECOLOGICALPHILOSOPHYTHOUGHTSSUCHASWHOLECONNECTIONPROCESSGANICETCTHOUGHTTHATCLASSROOMCULTUREISANECOSYSTEMITISALIFESTYLEOFTHETEACHERSTHESTUDENTSCOLLECTIVESETUPINTHEINTERACTTEACHINGITISMADEUPOFTHREEFACTSTHETEACHINGVALUEMINDSETTHETEACHINGMOVABLESTYLETEACHINGRELATIONSHIPONTHEBASISOFREALIZINGCLASSROOMCULTUREISANECOSYSTEMWEPUTFWARDTHETENTATIVEIDEASOFSETTINGUPECOCLASSROOMCULTUREWITHECOLOGICALPHILOSOPHYTOMAKETHEECONATURALACTEROFCLASSROOMCULTUREEXPINGPUBLICIZINGTHIRDPARTONTHEBASISOFANALYZINGTHEDIFFERENCESSIMILARITIESBETWEEN“THECLASSROOMCULTURALECOSYSTEM““THEECOCLASSROOMCULTURE“PUTFWARDTHECONTENTOFTHEECOCLASSROOMCULTUREPROSPECTTHEAPPEARANCEOFITPURSUINGTEACHINGVALUEMINDSETOFINWHATTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHESTUDENT’SLIFECANKEEPONTHEDIVERSIFIEDUNIFIEDTEACHINGMOVABLESTYLETHETEACHINGRELATIONSHIPOFTHEMODEOF“INTERCOURSEAMONGTHESUBJECT“THESELAYATHEYFOUNDATIONFTHESETTINGUPOFTHEECOCLASSROOMCULTUREFOURTHPARTCOMBININGTHEESSENCEACTERISTICOFTHEECOCLASSROOMCULTUREPUTFWARDTHESTRATEGIESTOSETUPTHEECOCLASSROOMCULTUREKEEPINGTENSIONAMONGTHEDIVERSEVALUEFMINGTHEDYNAMICSTATEVALUESYSTEMSETUPDIVERSEMOVABLESTYLEFACILITATE

簡介：點擊查看更多從合法性到合理性的轉向——一近代西方政治哲學思想主旨的演變.pdf精彩內容。

簡介：大學校園文化是人類文明體系中非常重要的組成部分，它既具有文化的普遍性，又有大學自身的內在規(guī)定性和獨特性。大學校園文化建設對于啟迪思想、培育具有人文精神的合格人才起著極其重要的作用。而校園文化作為一種特有的精神意識環(huán)境和思想觀念氛圍，反映著大學師生群體的共同信念和追求，對大學生具有不可估量的感染力和推動力，同時對社會也具有劃時代的引領和啟發(fā)作用。大學校園文化隨著大學的產(chǎn)生而存在和發(fā)展，在發(fā)展過程中它具有自己內在的獨立性，同時也受到社會文化的影響，同時校園文化在某些方面也改變了社會文化。在校園文化建設過程中教師和學生都發(fā)揮著不同的作用，而大學也發(fā)揮著引領社會發(fā)展與進步的作用。大學校園文化是全球化下的開放性文化，在人類的文化發(fā)展中不斷繼承和創(chuàng)新。校園文化的核心價值就是挖掘人的潛能，陶冶大學生的人格與品行，在高等教育中完成人的啟蒙與人格塑造，提高人文素養(yǎng)。校園文化建設應該擔當起責任，在文化傳承與創(chuàng)新方面發(fā)揮應有的作用。

簡介：中圖分類號密級UDC本校編號10652碩士學位論文論文題目安國寧人善始慎終魏征以人為本的法哲學思想初探研究生姓名李李李李瑩瑩瑩瑩學號20090301020150200903010201502009030102015020090301020150校內指導教師姓名胡胡胡胡仁仁仁仁智智智智職稱教授校外指導教師姓名職務職稱申請學位等級碩碩碩碩士士士士學科法學法學法學法學專業(yè)法律史法律史論文提交日期2012201220122012年年年年3333月月月月20202020日日日日論文答辯日期2012201220122012年年年年5555月月月月20202020日日日日碩士學位論文安人寧國安人寧國善始慎終善始慎終魏征以人為本的法哲學思想初探魏征以人為本的法哲學思想初探TOTOTOTOEASEEASEEASEEASETOTOTOTOPERSISTPERSISTPERSISTPERSISTANANANANINITIALINITIALINITIALINITIALINQUIRYINQUIRYINQUIRYINQUIRYOFOFOFOFWEIWEIWEIWEIZHENGZHENGZHENGZHENG’’’’SSSSPEOPLEIENTEDPEOPLEIENTEDPEOPLEIENTEDPEOPLEIENTEDTTTTHOUGHTSHOUGHTSHOUGHTSHOUGHTSOFOFOFOFPHILOSOPHYPHILOSOPHYPHILOSOPHYPHILOSOPHYOFOFOFOFLAWLAWLAWLAW作者姓名李瑩指導教師胡仁智西南政法大學SOUTHWESTUNIVERSITYOFPOLITICALSCIENCELAW

簡介：黑龍江大學博士學位論文政治哲學視域下的福利國家研究以英國為例姓名劉麗偉申請學位級別博士專業(yè)馬克思主義哲學指導教師張奎良20100301黑龍江大學博士學位論文ABSTRACTINCONTEMPORARYSOCIALANDPOLITICALTHOUGHTS，THECONCEPTSOFWELFAREANDWELFARESTATEAREINTHEDOMINANTPOSITIONONCEBOM，ITHASBECOMETHEFOCUSOFTHETHEORETICALDEBATESBETWEENFREEDOMANDEQUALITY，EQUITYANDEFFICIENCY，RIGHTSANDOBLIGATIONSWELFAREANDWELFARESTATEHASNOTONLYRELATEDTOPUBLICPOLICIES，BUTALSOTHEBASICPOLITICALPHILOSOPHYISSUES，SUCHASFREEDOMANDJUSTICEDISCUSSIONSOFWELFAREANDWELFARESTATEHAVEALWAYSBEENPERMEATED淅T11UTILITARIANISM，RIGHTS，INDIVIDUALISMANDCOLLECTIVISMASTHEREVIVALOFMORALORIENTATIONOFTHEWELFAREREFLECTION，LIBERALTHEORYOFWELFARESUFFEREDSIGNIFICANTIMPACTS，THEWELFAREIDEASOFDEMOCRATICSOCIALISMAREALSOINANADJUSTMENTTHERELATIONSHIPSBETWEENWELFAREANDJUSTICE，EQUALITY，F(xiàn)REEDOMANDRIGHTAREINSEPARABLE‘WELFARE’，‘HAPPINESS’AND‘SATISFACTIONOFNEEDS’HAVEBECOMETHEORETICALFOUNDATIONOFSTATEINTERVENTIONORASERIESOFCOMPULSORYIMPLEMENTINGINSTITUTIONSANDPOLICIESFROMTHEPERSPECTIVEOFPOLITICALPHILOSOPHYTAKINGBRITAINASANEXAMPLE，THEPAPERANALYZESTHEFORMATIONDEVELOPMENT，CRISISANDREFORMOFWELFARESTATEBOTHINTHETHEORETICALANDPRACTICALLEVEL；TRIESTOSEEKTHEINSIGHTSOFTHEEVOLUTIONOFTHEWELFARESTATEBYMARXISTTHEORY；SEARCHESTHEMORALAPPEALSOFWELFAREANDSOCIALSECURITY；EXPLORESHOWTEALIZEHUMANRESPECTSANDTHEVALUEOFHUMANEXISTENCEINCIVILIZEDSOCIETYFIRSTLY，THEPAPEREXPLAINSTHEIDEOLOGICALANDTHEORETICALONGINSOFWELFARESTATE；DISCUSSESTHEWELFAREIDEASOFLIBERALISM，DEMOCRATICSOCIALISMANDCITIZENSHIPTHEORYSECONDLY，THEPAPERCARRIESOUTADIACHRONICANALYSIS，INCLUDINGTHEFORMATIONANDDEVELOPMENTOFBRITISHWELFARESTATE心ERWORLDWARII，CONSERVATIVEREFORMSBYTHATCHER，ANDBRITISHNEWLABOURPARTY’SDEMOCRATICSOCIALISTTHIRDWAYWELFAREREFORMACTIVITIESTHIRDLY，F(xiàn)OLLOWINGTHESPECIFICLEVEL’SANALYSIS，THEPAPERSUMMARIZESTOEXTRACTTHEORETICALANDPRACTICALDILEMMASWHICHGENERALLYEXISTINMODEMBRITAINANDOTHERWELFARESTATESFOURTHLY，REFLECTSTHETHEORYANDPRACTICEOFⅡ

簡介：南京師范大學碩士學位論文卡多佐的司法哲學思想探微姓名吳樂華申請學位級別碩士專業(yè)法理學指導教師公丕祥20070525ABSTRACTCARDOZOISONEOFTHEMOSTINFLUENTIALJUDGESINAMERICANHISTORYANDHASANENDURINGSTATUSINTHEAMERICANLEGALFIELDTHEREFORE，THEOVERSEASRESEARCHESABOUTCARDOZOAREEXTREMELYDCH，F(xiàn)OREXAMPLE，THESYNTHETICSTUDYTOHISJUDICIALPHILOSOPHY，HISLEGALLITERATURERSSEMCHANDTHESTUDYOFJUDGESSTATUSWHILETHEDOMESACRESEARCHESARECOMPARATIVELYDEFICIENTANDFRAGMENTARYSOMEONLYTOUCHESTHEPARTIALCONTENTSANDOTHERSPAUSEINTHEINTRODUCTIONSTAGE，NOTSYSTEMATICTHEREFORE，ONTHEBASISOFSOMECHINESEANDENGLISHMATEDALS。ANDREADINGOFHISTHEORYANDPRACTICE，THISAMDETRIESTODOAMORECOMPREHENSIVEANALYSISANDINTEGRATIONTHEMAINCONTENTSOFTHEARTJDEAREATFIRSTTHEORIGINSOFCARDOZOSLIFEANDTHINKINGWEMUSTFIRSTUNDERSTANDHISGROWTHBACKGROUNDANDTHEENVIRONMENTNEXT。WEFOCUSORCARDOZOSWRITINGSANDHISFAMOUSJUDICIALOPINIONS。HOPINGTOGETACOMPREHENSIVEUNDERSTANDINGOFHISJUDICIALPHILOSOPHY111ISISTHEIMPORTANTPARTOFTHISPAPERANDALSOTHEMAINASPECTSOFCARDOZOSPHILOSOPHYITISDIVIDEDINTOTHREECHAPTERS，DEALINGWITHWHATTHELAWISTHEGROWTHOFTHELAWTHEPURPOSEANDTHEFUNCTIONOFTHEIAWTHEINTERESTSWEIGHINGTHEORYANDTHEMETHODOLOGYOFJUSTICETHELASTPARTISAGENERALCOMMENTONCARDOZOSTHINKING，ANDANANALYSISOFITSIMPACTCARDOZOSJUDICIALPHILOSOPHYISWORTHYTORESEARCH，ALSOBECAUSEHISWORDSWEWOUIDIOVETEADTHEMANDTHEYREMINDUSBESOBER；THEYTEUSHOWTOLOOK亂THEIAWWISELYANDHOWTOLEARNANDOPERATEITINFACTMANYPEOPLEFEELTHATHISLANGUAGEISVERYSIMPLE，THEQUESTIONSWHICHELABORATEDWEALREADYKNOW，BUTCARDOZO’SBROADMINDANDHISSPLENDIDEXPRESSIONSALLMAN№STTHESPIRITWHICHAIUDSTSHOULDHAVE。ANDWERTHOURADMIRINGKEYWORDSJUDICIALPHILOSOPHYINTERESTSWEIGHINGJUDICIALMETHODSⅡ

簡介：中南民族大學碩士學位論文人本法治淺論中國法治進路的法哲學思考姓名沈永勝申請學位級別碩士專業(yè)法學理論指導教師雷振揚20070501人本法治淺論中國法治進路的法哲學思考II導法治人本化的社會、歷史、文化和制度背景，以及價值和實踐意義；從理念、立法、執(zhí)法和司法四個角度來展開論述如何把人本主義法治落實到中國法治建設實踐中去。本文的核心精神在于法治對人的基本權利的保障，對人性的關懷，以及對人格、個體的尊重，實現(xiàn)法來源于人而回歸于人的目的。關鍵詞關鍵詞人本法治；人本精神；公民權利

簡介：山東師范大學碩士學位論文歐洲認同與歐洲一體化論析姓名徐玉寶申請學位級別碩士專業(yè)國際關系指導教師韓玉貴20070420山東師范大學碩士學位論文中文摘要歐洲認同不僅是觀念的產(chǎn)物，同時也是歐洲一體化進程中歷史的產(chǎn)物；不僅是歐洲國家在相互交往中建構出來的，同時也是作為一體化條件的一種已經(jīng)存在的客觀現(xiàn)象，本文從歷史、理論和現(xiàn)實三個角度對其進行了分析。第一部分，從對認同的界定入手，詳細分析了國際關系中集體認同的內涵及特點，認為歐洲認同只是國際關系中認同現(xiàn)象的一種具體表現(xiàn)，然后從學者們對歐洲認同的界定與官方文件的表述，概括出歐洲認同的主要內容。第二部分，詳細分析了歐洲認同的形成過程，主要包括孕育時期，萌芽時期，形成與發(fā)展時期。歐洲認同的形成過程也是歐洲一體化的進程，它們之間互為條件，相輔相成。在理論方面，首先分析了新功能主義對于一體化的研究框架和內容，然后指出新功能主義在研究方法和理論前提方面的缺陷，緊隨其后分析了建構主義關于認同理論的表述，以及建構主義對歐洲一體化的態(tài)度。第三部分，著重從橫向角度分析歐洲認同的現(xiàn)狀及影響因素等。首先探討了歐洲一體化進程中的精英政治現(xiàn)象，得出的結論是歐洲認同是歐洲一體化的合法性基礎。其次對民族認同與歐洲認同的關系作了具體的分析，認為民族認同雖然在形式上和歐洲認同是相互矛盾的，但是他們是矛盾的統(tǒng)一體，它們之間的關系是既沖突又要共存，不能為了建構歐洲認同而對民族認同進行壓制，同時也不能任由民族主義等放任自由的發(fā)展。最后，討論了“他者”的問題，他者在建構集體認同過程中起了非常重要的作用，歐洲認同的“他者”有哪些、在東擴過程中如何面對中東歐的異質文化等，成為影響歐洲認同建構的重要因素。文章在內容方面，具有以下創(chuàng)新特征首先，本文認為探討歐洲認同不能僅從建構主義的理論出發(fā)，而應該堅持歷史唯物主義的觀點，把歐洲認同既看作是歐洲一體化歷史的產(chǎn)物，又認為它會對對一體化過程產(chǎn)生重要影響。其次，文章從多角度對歐洲認同進行分析，不局限于單純歷史的或者理論的分析，力求全面的把握歐洲認同的內涵、歷史脈絡、研究現(xiàn)狀。關鍵詞歐洲認同；歐洲一體化；建構主義；新功能主義分類號D81

簡介：河北師范大學碩士學位論文統(tǒng)一后德國的歐洲認同與德國歐洲政策的選擇姓名姚輝申請學位級別碩士專業(yè)國際政治指導教師張驥20090528可信程度產(chǎn)生消極的影響；德國在推動歐洲一體化過程中在一些方面削弱了德國部分國家利益。這主要體現(xiàn)在全球化和歐洲一體化的背景下，德國的民族國家利益受到了一定的影響，一些政府官員和部分民眾和對歐洲一體化持消極的態(tài)度，極端右翼勢力借機煽動民眾的排外情緒。另一方面，主要論述德國的歐洲認同對東亞認同的啟示。目前，東亞地緣政治色彩較濃，東亞主導文化主要是洛克文化，甚至還有霍布斯文化的痕跡。東亞一體化剛剛起步，當前還面臨許多困難，建立東亞認同的任務還相當?shù)木o迫。建立東亞認同應先易后難，真正地把東亞一體化提到各政府的議事日程上來，從政府到社會形成一個良好的氛圍，而不僅僅是為了短期的經(jīng)濟利益。IV關鍵詞統(tǒng)一后的德國歐洲認同歐洲政策選擇

簡介：1088325學校代碼10475學號104753040010河南大學研究生碩士學位論文法哲學中應然與實然的關系探討DISCUSSIONONTHERELATIONBETWEENOUGHTTOBEANDTOBEINPHILOSOPHYOFRIGHTS專業(yè)名稱馬克思主義哲學專業(yè)代碼J竺研究正方向級法哲學二OO四級研究生姓名李永福導師姓名、職稱呂世榮教授完成日期二OO七年五月論文主題詞法蜊應刪實剁霧啦糟|搌觀法哲學中應然與實然的關系探討為突出。通過對西方自然法學派、分析實證法學派、哲理法學派以及社會法學派中應然法與實然法的思想考察分析，歸納了各個不同學派在不同時期對法的應然與實然的關系的定位。第二部分通過馬克思各個時期中法哲學中應然與實然思想的分析，找出了有關馬克思對法哲學中法的應然與實然關系的理解線索。在這個部分對馬克思法哲學觀中有關法的應然與實然關系的理論形成分為三個階段第一，馬克思的早期法哲學思想中對應然與實然的認識；第二，馬克思法哲學批判理論思想中對法的應然與實然的關系理解角度分析；第三，馬克思的實踐應然發(fā)展觀思想形成。第三部分運用馬克思法哲學中實踐應然發(fā)展觀對法的應然與實然關系的正確定位；通過揚棄馬克思的實踐應然發(fā)展觀進一步指出了法哲學中應然與實然關系的正確定位及其現(xiàn)實意義。關鍵詞法哲學；應然；實然；實踐應然發(fā)展觀Ⅱ

簡介：曲阜師范大學碩士學位論文從英美“特殊關系”到“回歸歐洲”略論戰(zhàn)后英國外交重心的轉移姓名趙桂娟申請學位級別碩士專業(yè)歷史學世界史指導教師郝承敦20090401ABSTRACTWORLDWARIICOMPLETELYCHANGEDTHEINTERNATIONALPOLITICSANDTHEWORLDSSTRATEGICSITUATION1RILESTRENGTHOFTHEUNITEDKINGDOMHASBEENSERIOUSLYWEAKENEDDESPITEOFTHIS，BRITAINSTILLHADCONSIDERABLEFORCEANDINFLUENCECHURCHILLPROPOSEDTHE‘“THREERINGDIPLOMACY’CONCEPTINACCORDANCE、】I，ITLLTHEPOSTWARSITUATIONANDTHEREALITYOFTHEUNITEDKINGDOMWISHTOTAKEADVANTAGEOFTHEREMAININGIMPACTANDCONTACTOFTHEUNITEDKINGDOMININTERNATIONALRELATIONSINORDERTOMAINTAINTHESTATUSOFWORLDPOWERTHE”THREERINGDIPLOMACY”WASNOTONLYTHEGUIDINGIDEOLOGYOFBRITISHPOSTWARFOREIGNPOLICYBUTALSOTHEBASICCONTENTOFPOSTWARBRITISHFOREIGNPOLICYINMORETHANTWODECADESATALONGPERIODOFTIME，THEBRITAINAMERICANSPECIALRELATIONSHIPACTEDTHEMOSTIMPORTANTROLEINBRITAIN’SFOREIGNPOLICYSUCHARELATIONSHIPBASEDONEXTENSIVECONTACTSOFTHEBRITISH誦MTHEUNITEDKINGDOMANDWESTERNEUROPE，ANDTHEBRITAINAMERICANSPECIALRELATIONSHIPSETUPINTHEPROCESSOFBRITAINANDTHEUNITEDSTATESJOINTLYPLANNEDANDLAUNCHEDTHECOLDⅥ協(xié)WHICHAGAINSTTHESOVIETUNIONANDCOMMUNISMBRITAINHADCARRYOUTCLOSECOOPERATION謝MTHEUNITEDSTATESINECONOMIC，SECURITYDEFENSEANDINTERNATIONALORGANIZATIONSANDBRITAINISTHEMOSTIMPORTANTPARTNEROFTHEUNITEDSTATESINTHISPERIOD，ATTHESAMETIME，BRITAINMAINTAINEDASAWORLDPOWERSTATUSBYVIRTUEOFTHE”SPECIALRELATIONSHIPWITHTHEUILITEDSTATESAFTERTHEMID50S，THEFOUNDATIONOFANGLOAMERICAN”SPECIALRELATIONSHIP”GRADUALLYWEAKENED、析TLLTHESITUATIONCHANGEDANDTHEDECLINEDINTHESTRENGTHOFTHEUNITEDKINGDOMFIRST，UNABLETOAFFORDTHELMGEINTEMATIONALOBLIGATIONSFORTHEDECLINEINTHESTRENGTH，BRITAINHAVETOIMPLEMENTTHESTRATEGICCONTRACTION；SECOND，THETENDENCYTOINDEPENDENCESTRENGTHENEDINCOLONIALANDDOMINION，THECOLONIALSYSTEMCOLLAPSED，ANDTHECOHESIONOFTHECOMMONWEALTHWEAKERANDWEAKERALMOSTTOCOLLAPSETHIRD，NLEUNITEDKINGDOMTOOKDIFFERENTPOSITIONSONQUESTIONSOFINTEGRATIONINWESTERNEUROPE、析THFRANCEANDOTHERCONTINENTALCOUNTRIES，THUSREMAINOUTSIDETHEEUROPEANECONOMICCOMMUNITYBECAUSEOFTHISBRITAINLOSTTHELEADERSHIPANDINFLUENCEINWESTERNEUROPE，ANDISOLATEDINWESTERNEUROPEGRADUALLY；LAST，F(xiàn)ROMTHEMIDANDLATE60STOEARLY70S，THERELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHESOVIETUNIONANDTHEUNITEDSTATESCHANGEDTOWARDRELAXATIONMAJORPROBLEMSCALLBENEGOTIATEDDIRECTLYTOASETTLEMENT，SOTHEBASISOFANGLOAMERICANCOOPERATIONGRADUALLYWEAKENEDTHEROLEOFTHEUNITEDKINGDOMINTHEUNITEDSTATESSTRATEGYGREATLYDECLINEDFORTHESEREASONS，ANGLOAMERICANRELATIONSBETWEENHADBEENCOOLINGDOWNGRADUALLYESPECIALLYAFTERTHESUEZCANALCRISIS，THECONFLICTSANDFRICTIONSBETWEENTHETWOCOUNTRIESHAPPENEDFREQUENTLYTHESPECIALRELATIONSHIPHASBEENREPLACEDBYTHENATURALRELATIONSBETWEENTHETWOCOUNTRIES

簡介：南京師范大學碩士學位論文霍姆斯司法哲學研究姓名徐希偉申請學位級別碩士專業(yè)法學理論指導教師公丕祥20070524霍姆斯司法哲學研究刪CLALFFLBI似SOPBYOFOLIVERWENDELLHOU嘲皿ABSTRACT0LIVERWENDELIHOLMESWASPERHAPSOURMOSTFAMOUSJUDGE，ANDHEISTHEGREATORACLEOFAMERICANLEGALTHOUGHT，ANDHISJUDICIALPHILOSOPHYISSTILIINFLUENTIAIINOURIAWTODAYTWOTHIRDSOFACENTURYAFTERHEDECIDEDHISIASTCASESOHOWDIDHETHINKJUDGESSHOULDGOABOUTDECIDINGCASESONTHISCENTRAIQUESTION，IDONOTTHINKHISIDEASANDPRACTICESHAVEBEENWELIUNDERSTOODHOLMESSERVEDASANAPPELLATEJUDGEFORALMOSTFIFTYYEARS，TWENTYONONEOFTHEMOSTIMPORTANTSTATESUPREMECOURTSINTHECOUNTRYANDTWENTYNINEONTHEUSSUPREMECOURTHEWROTEWELIOVERTWOTHOUSANDOPINIONSHASANYAMERICANJUDGEWRITTENMORE，AND，INTHEAGEBEFORELAWCLERKGHOSTWRITERS，WROTEEVERYONEOFTHEMHIMSEIF，INHISINIMITABLE，OFTENCRYPTIC，STYLETHEREMUSTHAVEBEENFEWISSUESINTHESTATEORFEDERALLAWOFHOLMES‘SJUDICIALHALFCENTURYTHATHEDIDNOTRULEONATIEASTONCEINADDITION，HELEFTUSACELEBRATEDBODYOFEXTRAJUDICIALWRITINGSBEFOREHEBECAMEAJUDGEHEHADWRITTENACLASSICOFLEGALTHEORY功ECOMMONLAW，WHICHBEGANWITHTHEMANTRATHATTHEIIFEOFTHEIAWHADNOTBEENLOGICBUTEXPERIENCELATERAFTERHEHADBEENAJUDGEFORMANYYEARS，HOLMESIOOKEDATTHELAWFROMTHEPERSPECTIVEOFTHEBADMANANDCAMEUPWITHHISFAMOUSPREDICTIONTHEORYANDHEIEFTBEHINDMANYOTHERSPEECHESANDESSAYSTHATTOUCHEDONHISIDEASABOUTJUDGINGFINALLYWEHAVEMORETHANACENTURYOFCOMMENTARYONHISJUDICIALPERFORMANCEANDHISJURISPRUDENCE，SOMEOFITBYSCHOLARSWHOHAVESIMPLYTRIEDTOUNDERSTANDWHATHESAID，MUCHOFITBYTHECREATIVEMOVERSOFLATERLEGALTHOUGHT，SOMANYOFWHOMHAVEUSEDHOLMESASTHEIRSPRINGBOARDORTHEIRFOILTHEEXTENSIVEPAPERTRAILHEIEFTBEHINDISREALLYNOTRAIL，BUTACONFUSINGIFINVITINGEXPANSEOFOPENTERRITORYWHILEITHASBEENEXPLOREDBYMANYEXPERIENCEDTRAVELERSHEREISTHETEXTTOBEUNFOIDEDALITHATISTOCOMEWILIBEDEVELOPMENTANDCOMMENTARYKEYWORDSHOLMES；COMMONLAW；JUDICIALPHILOSOPHYH

簡介：中共中央黨校博士學位論文制度論哲學視野中的制度與制度研究姓名辛鳴申請學位級別博士專業(yè)馬克思主義哲學指導教師龐元正20040508變化，人的發(fā)展，有相當大的主觀選擇性。4本文還從制度內在結構上探索性地構建了一個制度系統(tǒng)。認為完整意義上的制度是一個系統(tǒng)，制度系統(tǒng)是由規(guī)則、對象、理念、載體四大要素組成。這一系統(tǒng)地提出，有助于我們克服把制度僅僅作為一些規(guī)則的集成與組合而導致的對制度認識的偏差，也有效地解決了由于這種偏差而對制度現(xiàn)象解釋方面的一些缺陷。5關于制度的功能，本文提出了應然功能與實然功能的概念，認為從理論上制度應該發(fā)揮的作用與在現(xiàn)實中制度實際產(chǎn)生的作用不完全一致。制度的應然功能就是三個推進社會的發(fā)展、實現(xiàn)社會與人的協(xié)調發(fā)展、實現(xiàn)人的自由而全面的發(fā)展。對于在現(xiàn)實中制度出現(xiàn)阻礙社會的發(fā)展，壓抑人的發(fā)展等等現(xiàn)象的原因，本文認為這涉及到了生產(chǎn)力的變化與制度變化的不同步性以及不同主體間利益沖突等方面的問題，并嘗試著從制度失靈與制度異化方面做出了解釋。需要特別指出的是，本文把確定界限、形成秩序、提供預期、營造環(huán)境等等這些在制度經(jīng)濟學、制度政治學等學科中被認為是制度功能的內容，看作是實現(xiàn)制度應然功能的基本途徑。6關于制度的演化，本文在充分肯定制度演化是一個自然歷史過程的前提下，重點考察了人為自主選擇與設計方面的內容，提出制度演化是有主體、模式和規(guī)律的。本文把制度演化的主體分為民眾、利益集團、政府和精英四類，把制度演化模式歸納為改良、革命和創(chuàng)新三種，并且嘗試著總結出了制度演化的三條規(guī)律路徑依賴、盆變中的質變和漸變中的突變并存、客觀必然性和現(xiàn)實可能性統(tǒng)一。7關于制度的評價，本文嘗試提出了三個標準第一個是制度合理性標準，要求要從制度的內容是否符合制度的內在規(guī)律，是否具有邏輯的一致性，在完成其理念所指向目標上是否有效率等方面對制度合理性進行評價。第二個是制度合法性標準，要求要從制度在社會層面存在的法理基礎與價值基礎等方面對制度合法性進行評價，認為制度的價值選擇與目標定位是制度合法性必須考慮的問題第三個是制度現(xiàn)實性標準，提出制度必須具有可實現(xiàn)性和可操作性，一種制度即使在理論上很完善，甚至很完美，但如果缺少自我實現(xiàn)的能力，或Z