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簡介:1附錄附錄ARESEARCHONMETHODOF3DRECONSTRUCTIONOFANCIENTARCHITECTURENANPUTUOTEMPLE10ABSTRACTINTHISPAPER,REGARDINGTHEGREATMAJESTYHALLOFTHENANPUTUOTEMPLEASAVIRTUALMODELINGOBJECT,THERESEARCHONTHENEWTECHNOLOGYOF3DRECONSTRUCTIONOFTHEANCIENTARCHITECTUREHASBEENDONE,INWHICH3DSMAXANDMULTIGENCREATORWEREAPPLIEDTHECONFLICTWASSOLVEDBETWEENPRECISIONANDTHEAMOUNTOFDATAEXISTINGINTHEPROCESSOF3DMODELINGVIRTUALANCIENTARCHITECTURETHEPRACTICALPROJECTHASPROVEDTHATTHEANCIENTARCHITECTUREMODELMADEINTHISWAYHASGOTTENLIVINGEFFECTINROAMINGSYSTEM,ATTHEMEANTIMEITSATISFIESTHEDATADEMANDOFREALTIMERENDERINGKEYWORDVIRTUALREALITYVR,ANCIENTARCHITECTUREPROTECTION,3DSMAX,MULTIGENCREATOR1INTRODUCTIONVIRTUALREALITYISANEWMANMACHINEINTERFACEITPROVIDESUSERSPARTICIPANTSWITHSATISFACTORYIMMERSEDEXPERIENCEANDMULTISENSORYCHANNELS,ANDATTEMPTSTOSEEKTHEBESTWAYOFMANMACHINECOMMUNICATIONUSINGTHEVIRTUALREALITYTECHNOLOGYTOREALIZETHEREPRESENTATIONOFANCIENTARCHITECTUREISTHEINNOVATIONOFARCHITECTURALILLUSTRATIONALTOOLS,ANDITISONEOFTHEHOTTOPICSOFTHEPRESENTRESEARCHTHELIFELIKECOMPUTERMODELINGCANNOTONLYDEMONSTRATETHEPROFOUNDCULTURALDETAILSOFCHINESEANCIENTARCHITECTURES,BUTHAVEPRACTICALSIGNIFICANCETOTHEPROTECTIONOFANCIENTARCHITECTURESINFORMOFARCHIVES,THEREFOREITWASAPPLIEDMOREWIDELYTHANTHETRADITIONALPHYSICALMODELTHEMODELINGFIDELITYANDRAPIDREALTIMEDATARENDERINGARETHEFOUNDATIONSOF3MODELING,LOFTING,FACEMODELING,NURBSFACEMODELING,ANDOTHERCONVENIENTANDEFFECTIVEMODELINGMETHODITHASABETTERABILITYOFSPECIALEFFECTPROCESSINGANDRENDERINGUSING3DSMAXYOUCANDETERMINEPRECISELYTHESIZEANDTHEPOSITIONOFTHEMODELAFTERMODELING,YOUCANMODIFYEACHCOMPONENTACCORDINGTOTHEACTUALNEEDATANYMOMENTALTHOUGH3DSMAXDESCRIBESTHEOBJECTSDETAILSVIVIDLY,THELARGEAMOUNTOFTHEDATAOFMODELINGCANNOTMEETTHENEEDOFREALTIMERENDERINGCOMPAREDWITH3DSMAX,MULTIGENCREATORHASLESSAMOUNTOFMODELINGDATAMULTIGENCREATORHASTHEREALTIMEFUNCTIONSOFPOLYGONCULLING、LOGICCULLING、PRIORITYDRAWING、BINARYSEPARATINGPLANEANDSOONOPENFLIGHTISTHEDATABASEFORMATOFCREATORITUSESHIERARCHICALSTRUCTUREOFNODESTODESCRIBETHEDATABASE,SOASTOINFORMTHEIMAGEGENERATORWHENANDHOWTORENDERREALTIME3DSCENESALTHOUGHCREATORGENERATESFILEONTHESMALLVOLUMEDATA,ANDHASARAPIDRENDERINGSPEED,ITCANNOTBECOMPARABLETO3DSMAXINFINEMODELINGOFSINGLEARCHITECTURETHEREFORE,INFINEMODELINGOFCOMPLEXANCIENTARCHITECTURES,THEBESTWAYISTOMODELSINGLEARCHITECTUREIN3DSMAXFIRSTLY,THENIMPORTITTOMULTIGENCREATORFORSIMPLIFICATION,ANDUSEKEYTECHNOLOGIESSUCHASLOD,TOSATISFYTHEDATADEMANDOFREALTIMERENDERING4MODELINGPROCESSESUSING3DSMAXANDMULTIGENCREATORINTHEACTUALCONSTRUCTIONPROCESSOFANCIENTARCHITECTURE,THECOMPONENTSAREDIVIDEDINTOTHEFOLLOWINGFIVELEVELSCOLUMNBASELEVEL、FITMENTLEVEL、TOUKUNGLEVEL、BEAMFRAMELEVELANDROOFLEVELEACHLEVELCOMPRISESMANYTIMBERCOMPONENTSTHESETIMBERCOMPONENTSNOTONLYHAVEVARIOUSSHAPES,BUTALSOHAVELARGEAMOUNTSTHEREFORE,THEMODELINGMETHODOFTAKINGTHETECHNOLOGYOFINTEGRATIONOF3DSMAXANDMULTIGENCREATORISMORESUITABLEFORTHEMODELINGREQUIREMENTSOFCHINESEANCIENTARCHITECTURESFIGURE1SHOWSTHEFLOWCHARTOFUSINGTHETECHNOLOGYOFINTEGRATIONOF3DSMAXANDMULTIGENCREATORTOMODELTHEGREATMAJESTYHALL
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上傳時間:2024-03-16
頁數(shù): 14
大?。?0.19(MB)
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簡介:中文中文19601960字出處出處CARBON,2005,431328082811中文3DINTERCONNECTEDMACROPOROUSCARBONMONOLITHSPREPAREDBYULTRASONICIRRADIATIONNATTAPORNTONANON,ADISAKSIYASUKH,YUNYONGWAREENIN,TAWATCHAICHARINPANITKUL,WIWUTTANTHAPANICHAKOON,HIROTOMONISHIHARA,SHINRMUKAI,HAJIMETAMONABSTRACTANEWMETHODINPREPARATIONOF3DINTERCONNECTEDMACROPOROUSCARBONMONOLITHHASBEENINTRODUCEDULTRASONICIRRADIATIONULTRASONICINTENSITY78W/CM2ANDLOWCATALYSTCONCENTRATIONC/W10MOL/M3OFRFSOLUTIONAREUSEDASANINTERESTINGANDUNIQUEPREPARATIONMETHODFOR3DINTERCONNECTEDMACROPOROUSSONOGELGELIRRADIATEDBYULTRASOUNDATGELATIONSTAGEAND/OR3DINTERCONNECTEDMACROPOROUSCARBONMONOLITHWITHOUTUSINGTEMPLATESKEYWORDSPOROUSCARBONPYROLYSISADSORPTIONSCANNINGELECTRONMICROSCOPYPOROSITYMACROPOROUSMONOLITHISANINTERESTINGSTRUCTURETHATHASINTERCONNECTEDSKELETONSINASINGLECOLUMN,ANDTHISUNIQUESTRUCTUREALLOWSFLOWPATHSTHROUGHPORESTHROUGHTHEMONOLITHICCOLUMNSCARBONMONOLITHHASHIGHPOTENTIALTOBEGOODCANDIDATESFORAPPLICATIONSSUCHASCOLUMNSFORCHROMATOGRAPHY,CATALYSTSUPPORTS,ADSORBENTSANDPOROUSELECTRODESUNDERCONTINUOUSFLOWCONDITIONSMACROPOROUSCARBONMONOLITHSAREMOSTLYPREPAREDBYUSINGCARBONPRECURSORSANDMACROSCOPICSHAPETEMPLATESINGENERAL,MACROSCOPICSHAPETEMPLATESAREINTERCONNECTEDSKELETONSUCHASSILICATEMPLATE,ZEOLITE,STABLEEMULSIONS,POLYMERLATEXANDTHEINTERSTITIALVOLUMEOFOTHERPOROUSSTRUCTURESCARBONPRECURSORSAREPOLYMERICMATERIALSORPRECURSOROFPOLYMERICMATERIALSSUCHASSUCROSE,SOMETHERMOPLASTICS,PHENOLICRESIN,COPOLYMERIZATIONOFRESORCINOLFEIICOMPLEXANDOTHERTHERMOSETTINGSTHEREARESOMEREPORTSONMACROPOROUSCARBONAEROGELSPREPAREDBYUSINGMETALCATALYSTORACIDCATALYSTINTHISWORK,ANEWMETHODINPREPARATIONOF3DINTERCONNECTEDMACROPOROUSCARBONMONOLITHHASBEENINTRODUCEDINGENERAL,ULTRASONICIRRADIATIONHASOUTSTANDINGEFFECTSINMANYCHEMICALREACTIONSSUCHASINCREASINGREACTIONRATESANDYIELDSOFPRODUCTS,SHORTENINGREACTIONTIME,ALTERINGTHEREACTIONPATHANDMAKINGMILDERREACTIONCONDITIONSPOSSIBLEANINTERESTINGROLEOFULTRASONICIRRADIATIONONMESOPOROUSPROPERTIESOFRFCARBONGELWHENTHERATIOOFCATALYSTTOWATERC/WORPHISHIGHWASALSOREPORTED10TOTHEBESTOFOURKNOWLEDGE,THISSTUDYISTHEFIRSTTOREPORTONTHEWORKOFULTRASONICIRRADIATIONULTRASONICINTENSITY78W/CM2TOGETHERWITHLOWCATALYSTCONCENTRATIONC/W10MOL/M3OFRFSOLUTIONASANINTERESTINGANDUNIQUEPREPARATIONMETHODFOR3DINTERCONNECTEDMACROPOROUSSONOGELGELIRRADIATEDBYULTRASOUNDATGELATIONSTAGEAND/ORCARBONMONOLITHSWITHOUTUSINGTEMPLATESMACROPOROUSSONOGELMONOLITH,PRECURSORSFORMACROPOROUSCARBONMONOLITH,WEREPREPAREDFROMRESORCINOLFORMALDEHYDERFSOLUTIONSWHICHWERECOMPOSEDOFRESORCINOLC6H4OH2R,FORMALDEHYDEHCHOF,SODIUMCARBONATENA2CO3MONOLITHAND5RFSONOGELMONOLITHM2/GVMICANDVMESOFRFGELARE002AND032CM3/GRESPECTIVELYFORRFSONOGELMONOLITH,VMICANDVMESCANNOTBEDETECTEDAFTERPYROLYSISOFRFSONOGELMONOLITH,NOCHANGEINMACROPOROUSSTRUCTUREANDVERYLOWSHRINKAGEAREOBSERVEDAFTERPYROLYSISSBETANDVMICOFSONOGELINCREASESFROM5TO366M2/GANDN/DTO011CM3/GRESPECTIVELYVMESCANNOTBEDETECTEDITCANBESEENFROMSEMMICROGRAPHINFIG2TOGETHERWITHPOROUSPROPERTIESTHATRFCARBONMONOLITHCANKEEP3DINTERCONNECTEDMACROPOROUSSTRUCTURESTHEMACROPORESIZEDISTRIBUTIONSOFCARBONMONOLITHARENARROW,THEAVERAGEMACROPORESIZEAROUND1–3LMASSHOWNINFIG3INTHISWORK,NEWSYNTHESISMETHODFOR3DINTERCONNECTEDMACROPOROUSSONOGELAND/ORCARBONMONOLITHISPROPOSEDWITHSOMEADVANTAGESTOOTHERMETHODSSUCHASSHORTERGELATIONTIMEOFPOLYMERMONOLITH,SMALLSHRINKAGEPERCENTAGE,NOTEMPLATEPREPARATIONANDTEMPLATEREMOVALINADDITIONTOTHISPRELIMINARYWORK,THEEFFECTOFR/CONTHESTRUCTUREOF3DINTERCONNECTEDMACROPOROUSCARBONMONOLITHMICROWAVEDRYINGAT200WAFTERSOLVENTEXCHANGEWITHTBUTANOLHASBEENINVESTIGATEDINFIGS4AND5,R/C1200MOL/MOLGIVES3DINTERCONNECTEDMACROPOROUSCARBONMONOLITHWITHSMALLERPOREDIAMETERSTHANR/C800MOL/MOL3DINTERCONNECTEDMACROPOROUSCARBONMONOLITH
下載積分: 10 賞幣
上傳時間:2024-03-16
頁數(shù): 8
大?。?1.95(MB)
子文件數(shù):
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簡介:中文中文2500字出處出處YUX,YUY,ZHANGM,ETALMEASUREMENTOFTHETHREEDIMENSIONALTHERMALEXPANSIONCOEFFICIENTSOFBERYLLIUMUSINGFIBERBRAGGGRATINGSENSORSJPROCEEDINGSOFSPIETHEINTERNATIONALSOCIETYFOROPTICALENGINEERING,2006,602710511056用光纖布拉格光柵的三維熱膨脹系數(shù)測量鈹余秀娟1,2,于友龍1,3,彭寶金2,4,張明2,廖延彪2,賴榮書21纖維光學(xué)研究所,黑龍江大學(xué),哈爾濱,中國;2電子工程系,清華大學(xué),北京,中國;3光電電子工程,暨南大學(xué),廣州,中國;4光學(xué)信息,浙江師范大學(xué),浙江學(xué)院,江蘇。摘要摘要光纖布拉格光柵是簡單的,內(nèi)在的傳感元件,可光刻在石英光纖。它具有許多優(yōu)點,為不同的應(yīng)用是有用的。在本文中,我們報道了利用光纖布拉格光柵測量鈹?shù)娜S熱膨脹系數(shù)的實驗結(jié)果(FBG)傳感器在一個大的溫度范圍50和150℃℃。三個FBG傳感器被粘接材料的表面上在X,Y方向,Z測量三維的熱膨脹系數(shù)和參考FBG傳感器來補償溫度變化。實驗結(jié)果表明,它可以在惡劣的環(huán)境中使用。關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞光纖布拉格光柵傳感器,三維的熱膨脹系數(shù),溫度1、前言、前言熱膨脹系數(shù)是一個重要的材料參數(shù)。一些傳統(tǒng)的電測量方法的熱膨脹系數(shù)的報道1,2,3,如電阻應(yīng)變儀的使用,電荷耦合器件(CCD)的方法,串線等。然而,這些方法是不適合測量一維熱膨脹系數(shù)在惡劣的環(huán)境時的,溫度超低的傳感器易受溫度的影響和電磁干擾、不耐腐蝕。光纖光柵傳感器具有許多優(yōu)點,與傳統(tǒng)的電傳感器相比,如重量輕,敏感的應(yīng)變和溫度的變化,功耗低,抗腐蝕和疲勞,以及抗電磁干擾。光纖光柵傳感器也可以很容易地粘結(jié)材料的表面上或嵌入在結(jié)構(gòu)測量的熱膨脹系數(shù),不影響結(jié)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)完整性本身。此外,F(xiàn)BG傳感器沿單一的光纖分布式傳感技術(shù)在大面積上可以很容易地重復(fù)使用。本文利用光纖光柵傳感器的溫度范圍內(nèi)從50℃140℃測定鈹?shù)娜S熱膨脹系數(shù)的實驗原理。2、原理、原理光纖布拉格光柵(FBG)是一個永久性的,其中橫向接觸到光纖芯的折射率周我們使用的石英光纖,該材料的熱膨脹系數(shù)Α等于Ε/T。KΕ≈078106/ΜΕ078/Ε5。因此3、實驗裝置和結(jié)果、實驗裝置和結(jié)果實驗裝置如圖1所示。使用一個寬帶光源。光束通過一個隔離,F(xiàn)P可調(diào)諧濾波器,14光耦合器,然后直接進入FBG傳感器陣列的四通道。一個通道作為參考FBG傳感器和其他傳感器的測量。反射的光從光纖光柵傳感器被引入到電子處理器件。圖2顯示了測量三維熱膨脹系數(shù)的原理圖。三光纖光柵傳感器結(jié)合在X,Y方向的立方材料鈹不同表面,Z在X,Y方向的FBG傳感器的布拉格波長,X,Y,Z分別為1547535,1548268和1548213NM,這不是由所施加的應(yīng)變在30℃房間溫度的影響。參考FBG傳感器的布拉格波長1555031NM。在實驗中,我們使用多進制600膠操作溫度之間的269℃和370℃對試件表面粘貼光纖光柵傳感器。參考FBG位于靠近在相同的熱環(huán)境的物質(zhì),由鋼管保護。圖1、光纖光柵傳感器的解調(diào)方案
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上傳時間:2024-03-16
頁數(shù): 6
大小: 0.34(MB)
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簡介:1中文中文4800字出處出處LICX,ANXZ,YANGRY,ETALEXPERIMENTALSTUDYONTHEPACKINGOFUNIFORMSPHERESUNDERTHREEDIMENSIONALVIBRATIONJPOWDERTECHNOLOGY,2011,2083617622外文資料翻譯外文資料翻譯姓名姓名學(xué)號學(xué)號學(xué)院機械工程學(xué)院學(xué)院機械工程學(xué)院班級班級指導(dǎo)老師指導(dǎo)老師3能進行不同幅度和頻率的獨立振動。三個方向上的振動由三個電機控制,其幅度和頻率也可通過凸輪和換能器進行獨立控制。在這項工作中,我們在三個振動方向上用同樣的A和Ω,所以相位差在三個方向上的分量為零,并且運動在一條直線上。在這種情況下,我們認為振動的相位角對其是沒有影響的。實驗過程如下首先,將直徑為D的玻璃珠502±0065MM,和用PMMA材料制成的容器用蒸餾水清洗干凈,并在60℃的烘箱中烘干,然后將容器固定在振動裝置上。將包裝顆粒輕輕倒入容器,形成最初的包裝形態(tài)。然后通過測定不同的部位填料高度的平均值來計算包裝密度。同時按照給定的條件在3個方向上進行振動,一段時間后停止,再次測定包裝密度。通過不同的振動振幅A,頻率Ω,進料方式來研究它們對包裝密度的影響。在本文的研究中,我們在三個振動方向上用了相同的A和Ω。為了消除容器的壁效應(yīng),我們在實驗中使用了5種不同內(nèi)徑的容器來進行實驗(D7942毫米,10990毫米,14038毫米,18577毫米,22970毫米)。最終我們選擇了兩種送料方法總體送料即在開始時將所有粒子一起注入容器和分批送料即按特定的時間間隔傾倒粒子,粒子在容器的高度不隨時間的變化而變化。圖1所示所示(A)物理設(shè)置(B)振動設(shè)置的示意圖。1容器25和7在三個方向上的導(dǎo)軌3電動機4和6所示,振動沿X和Y方向臺8沿Z軸911在三個方向的振動頻率控制12換能器和13傳輸和幅度控制裝置。3結(jié)果和討論結(jié)果和討論圖2顯示了在不同的振動條件下,包裝密度隨時間的變化。在所有情況下,填料密度都是首先隨時間的變化呈指數(shù)增長,然后在一定時間內(nèi)保持穩(wěn)定。在一次送料的三維振動實驗中,最大振動時間設(shè)置為T35分鐘。如圖2所示,每個條件下的振動結(jié)果都滿足包裝密度與振動時間T間的關(guān)系。即ΡTΡ?KEXP?T/Τ(其中Ρ是最終堆積密度,K和Τ是給定常數(shù))。目前的工作主要是關(guān)注最后的總密度。圖2中的實線為計算結(jié)果;它們與測量結(jié)果相一致。圖2還表明,在不同的振動條件下(如不同A和Ω),可以獲得不同的包裝密度。接下來將會對這種進行詳細分析。
下載積分: 10 賞幣
上傳時間:2024-03-15
頁數(shù): 12
大?。?0.55(MB)
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簡介:中文中文6060字出處出處DJORDJEVICN,SHIFN,MORRISONRDETERMINATIONOFLIFTERDESIGN,SPEEDANDFILLINGEFFECTSINAGMILLSBY3DDEMJMINERALSENGINEERING,2004,171111351142在自軋機上用三維離散元法測定升降的布局、速度和填充效果NDJORDJEVIC,FNSHI,RMORRISON摘要摘要大型的回轉(zhuǎn)軋機的運作所需的能量一般要超過10兆瓦。因此,優(yōu)化電耗對總體經(jīng)濟效益和受環(huán)境影響的礦物加工廠都有重大的影響。在大多數(shù)公布的磨機模型中例如MORRELL,S,1996。濕滾筒式軋機的牽引功率及其與電荷力學(xué)的關(guān)系。第二部分模擬對軋機牽引功率的實證研究。第三部分礦物加工的分機105,C54C62。AUSTIN,LG,1990年。一臺這樣的軋機的功率與5762臺純自磨金屬采礦機的功率相等。升降機的設(shè)計與軋機速度相互作用和影響是不納入填補的。最近通過積累經(jīng)驗表明,通過選擇適當(dāng)?shù)淖兞拷M合來提高磨削效率是有可能的。然而,盡管最近在一些工作中宣布已經(jīng)使用離散元法,但基本上是限于二維。要在一臺裝備齊全的軋機中,通過實驗方法來確定這些變量之間的相互作用是很困難的。離散元素法和三維顆粒流PFC3D曾運用到了這些工作中,來模擬起重機的高度525厘米和功率牽引軋制速度(5090的臨界速率)和在一臺直徑為5米的軋機(AG)上,對比能量焦耳/公斤對頻率分布的正常的影響。據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn),沖擊能量的分布受升降機的數(shù)量、升降機的高度、軋制速度和磨機填充的影響。升降機設(shè)計、軋制速度和軋機填充的相互影響可以通過三維離散單元方法模擬來表示。如果知道升降機誘導(dǎo)應(yīng)力的強度剪切和標(biāo)準,那么升降機的耗損就可以模擬。關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞粉碎研磨模擬離散元法11簡介簡介大型的回轉(zhuǎn)軋機的運作需要的能量一般要超過10兆瓦。因此,優(yōu)化電耗對總體經(jīng)濟效益和受環(huán)境影響的礦物加工廠都有重大的影響。最近經(jīng)驗表明,有機會通過選擇適當(dāng)?shù)能堉扑俣?、填充和升降機設(shè)計的組合來提高研磨效率。然而,在一臺裝備齊全的軋機上,通過實驗來確定這些變量之間的相互作用是很困難的。離散單元法已被證實在銑削仿真和優(yōu)化中是一種有用的工具。在文學(xué)方面,大量的文章宣布,在粉碎設(shè)備的仿真建模中使用離散單元法,其中大部分只限于二維。在2003年,HLUNGWANIETAL用一臺用于實驗室的二維球軋機,來驗證離散單元法模型的產(chǎn)品和每一瞬時的總時間來計算求得。運用顆粒流代碼來計算的功率涉及到了與軋機電荷有關(guān)的凈功率。轉(zhuǎn)動空軋機所需的功率也就是無負載功率,不能夠運用三維顆粒流代碼來模擬。這種無負載功率是由特殊軋機設(shè)計的效率、大小和轉(zhuǎn)動速度決定的。在典型的工作環(huán)境下,無負載功率大約是牽引功率的510(MORRELL,1996)。33功率運用對升降機影響功率運用對升降機影響先前的研究表明,從牽引功率模擬的角度來看,一個圓柱形滾軋機可以用一個垂直切片其厚度為磨機長度的20來代表。在軋機中,缺乏流體流動時沿著軋機長度的電荷平移最小。在研究中,直徑為5米,切片厚為1米的軋機的凈牽引功率可以模擬。這種模擬軋機的電荷(圖1和圖2)是由直徑范圍在20150毫米的球形顆粒組成的。在一個帶有30個形狀完全相同的矩形升降機的軋機的情況下,凈牽引力可以模擬。在任何情況下,升降機的厚度固定在10厘米,高度可在525厘米之間變動(表1)。因為每個升降機的幾何形狀不同,軋機的自轉(zhuǎn)速度可以在臨界速度的5090之間變動。圖1軋機在沒有升降機的情況下改變形狀的摩擦系數(shù)(A)沒有升降機(B)5CM高的升降機
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上傳時間:2024-03-16
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簡介:1中文中文4850字外文資料名稱外文資料名稱STUDYOF3DMICROULTRASONICMACHINING外文資料出處外文資料出處DEPARTMENTOFINDUSTRIALMANAGEMENTSYSTEMSENGINEERING,UNIVERSITYOFNEBRASKALINCOLN175NEBRASKAHALL,LINCOLN,NE685880518附件件1外文資料翻譯譯文2外文原文指導(dǎo)教師評語簽名簽名年月日3微型讀卡器。Z軸控制和低展弦比的困難與限于去除熔融材料的深孔其適用構(gòu)成呼應(yīng)。但是,如同其他加工方法,電子束和聚焦離子束,這些進程面臨的問題低投資成本和高效率加工設(shè)備。超聲加工超聲馬達是由于機器的能力和脆硬材料而馳名,如玻璃、硅、石英晶體、氮化物、藍寶石、鐵氧體、光纜。在20100赫茲0025微米振幅頻率下振動工具產(chǎn)生精確鏡像成形孔。在超聲波電機中,材料受沖擊磨料拆除磨料中動能是受超聲波振動聲學(xué)系統(tǒng)影響的。微型超聲馬達還成功地應(yīng)用于鉆微孔直徑為5微米。然而,在實現(xiàn)微型超聲馬達全部過程中,受設(shè)計與制作工具有時多種工具和刀具磨損的影響與部件加工精度成正比。細觀微型元件的這些問題變得更加至關(guān)重要。因此,本文的目的是研究鉆微孔的超聲波電機、了解刀具磨損程度和發(fā)電的可行性,任意三維微形形狀的簡單工具如圓柱體具有自我補償?shù)毒吣p能力。研究鉆微孔微超聲馬達的基礎(chǔ)是描述在第2部分觀察加工性能和工藝參數(shù)對刀具磨損程度。第3部分均勻配載方法結(jié)合CAD/CAM生成復(fù)雜三維凸輪。實驗結(jié)果列在第4項。研究的總結(jié)是在最后一節(jié)。鉆微孔超聲馬達的研究鉆微孔超聲馬達的研究在超聲波電機中,磨料是振動工具和工件之間的高頻振動系統(tǒng)。從某個程度講述振動沖擊磨料對工件表面產(chǎn)生裂痕,工件材料和工具進行最后清除。圖1顯示了超聲馬達的基本過程原則。通常在超聲加工過程中使用,尤其在三維造型加工。同樣的工具,如形狀和大小的設(shè)計部分。目前,微型超聲馬達主要應(yīng)用于鉆微孔。超聲波振動通過集齊傳感器傳給磨粒、選礦廠及其它相關(guān)零件,造成大偏心旋轉(zhuǎn)工具。工件振動已經(jīng)提出要解決這個問題,微孔直徑為5微米,已成功鉆探。為了進行微型超聲馬達鉆探試驗,一種微型超聲馬達系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計、組裝圖2所示工件固定在高高的激蕩是由一個超聲波傳感器系統(tǒng),包括在頻率395千赫茲超聲
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大?。?0.63(MB)
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簡介:中文3030字外文譯文專業(yè)機械設(shè)計制造及其自動化班級學(xué)生姓名學(xué)號學(xué)生成績通過三維打印技術(shù)快速制備太赫茲透鏡ZHONGQIZHANG1,XULIWEI1,CHANGMINGLIU1,KEJIAWANG1,JINSONGLIU1,ANDZHENGANGYANG2摘要摘要論文設(shè)計了一個在太赫茲THZ工作頻率范圍的凸透鏡,使用三維制3D技術(shù)使它平滑。3D描儀是用來測量其焦特性并且其結(jié)果與數(shù)值模擬一致。通過太赫茲時域光譜THZTDS折射率和吸收系數(shù)測量表明,透鏡材料在太赫茲頻段是高度透明的。預(yù)計這種廉價和快速3D印技術(shù)會制造出各種太赫茲光元素。關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞3D打印透鏡太赫茲檢測器太赫茲放射線是電磁波且頻率范圍為0110赫茲。由于其非電離性,太赫茲波已應(yīng)用于安全掃描和無創(chuàng)檢查,傳感和通信。為擴展太赫茲技術(shù)的應(yīng)用,工作于太赫茲機制來操控太赫茲波的光學(xué)器件,如波板,分離器,透鏡和波導(dǎo),這些是十分所需的。在所有的這些組件中,透鏡是可以聚焦和瞄準太赫茲波束,作為基本的利用太赫茲成像系統(tǒng)的光學(xué)元件。對于太赫茲應(yīng)用來說,普通應(yīng)用光學(xué)頻率的玻璃是無用的,因為它們在太赫茲頻率范圍內(nèi)有較高的外介電損耗。幸運的是,聚合物在太赫茲體制中顯示出優(yōu)良的透明性。典型的聚合物,諸如聚甲基戊烯、高聚乙烯和TSURUPIKA,已廣泛用于商業(yè)制造太赫茲透鏡和窗戶。最近,大量的研究工作是來尋求適合太赫茲技術(shù)應(yīng)用的更進一步的材料。謝米昂等人闡述了像差校正衍射紙透鏡受低頻太赫茲輻射。韓等人提出使用天然石材作為太赫茲組件的可能性。不同于傳統(tǒng)的大量折射設(shè)備,它實現(xiàn)了在光穿過材料時的相位延遲,新型平鏡可以產(chǎn)生急劇的相位移位,光學(xué)共振就發(fā)生在鏡片的表面上。近日,超薄的太赫茲平面透鏡已被報道,但低能量轉(zhuǎn)換效率制約了其實際應(yīng)用。人工工程超材料的最新進展,此材料在太赫茲頻率具有共振性,這使得有可能制造功能性太赫茲器件,如過濾器和試管。我們知道,商用鏡頭一般通過電腦數(shù)控加工打磨,這是復(fù)雜且耗時的。近年來,三維(3D)打印前景很好,其在打印的成本和速度方面非常有競爭力。許多作品曾報道了3D打印太赫茲器件的應(yīng)用,包括波導(dǎo),木堆結(jié)構(gòu)以及計算機生成的大量全息圖。在我們的早期的工作中,3D打印技術(shù)采用螺旋相位片產(chǎn)生一個太赫茲渦流光束。在這封信中,我們設(shè)計、制造和表征一個太赫茲平凸透鏡(圖1)。太赫茲時域光譜(太赫茲TDS)測量方法用于確定透鏡材料的光學(xué)特性。應(yīng)該指出這
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上傳時間:2024-03-15
頁數(shù): 10
大?。?0.29(MB)
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簡介:INTJCARS20138379–393DOI101007/S115480120789ZORIGINALARTICLEPOSITIONINGERROREVALUATIONOFGPUBASED3DULTRASOUNDSURGICALNAVIGATIONSYSTEMFORMOVINGTARGETSBYUSINGOPTICALTRACKINGSYSTEMIKUMASATORYOICHINAKAMURARECEIVED6FEBRUARY2012/ACCEPTED29JULY2012/PUBLISHEDONLINE22AUGUST2012?CARS2012ABSTRACTPURPOSEANEARREALTIMETHREEDIMENSIONAL3DULTRASOUNDNAVIGATIONSYSTEMHASBEENDEVELOPEDFORGUIDINGSURGERYINVOLVINGINTERNALORGANSTHATMOVEANDCHANGESHAPEEG,ABDOMINALSURGERY,FETALSURGERYINPRACTICALAPPLICATIONS,SIGNIFICANTERRORSARISEBETWEENTHEACTUALNAVIGATIONIMAGEPOSITIONSDEPENDINGONTHETIMEDELAYOFTHESYSTEMTHEREFORE,THEPOSITIONINGERROROFTHESYSTEMRELATIVETOTHETARGETVELOCITYWASEVALUATEDMETHODSWEDEVELOPEDAMETHODFOREVALUATINGTHEPOSITIONINGERROROFAGRAPHICSPROCESSINGUNITBASED3DULTRASOUNDSURGICALNAVIGATIONSYSTEMWITHANOPTICALTRACKINGSYSTEMFORMOVINGTARGETSTHEEFFECTIVENESSOFTHISSYSTEMWASQUANTITATIVELYEVALUATEDINTERMSOFITSIMAGEPROCESSINGRUNTIME,TARGETREGISTRATIONERRORTRE,ANDPOSITIONINGERRORFORAMOVINGTARGETTHEPOSITIONINGERRORWASEVALUATEDFORAPHANTOMWITHANOPTICALTRACKINGMARKERMOVINGATSPEEDSOF5–25MM/S,ANDTHENAVIGATIONTARGETWASTHECENTERPOINTOFTHEPHANTOMTHEIMAGINGRANGEOFTHEVOLUMEDATAWASSETTOTHEMAXIMUMANGLEANDRANGEOFTHEULTRASOUNDDIAGNOSTICSYSTEMUPDATERATE4HZRESULTSTHEIMAGEPROCESSINGRUNTIMEWAS2743±480MS,ANDTHETREWAS150±028MMTHEPOSITIONINGERRORWAS424±012MMFORATARGETMOVINGATASPEEDOF10MM/SAND536±010MMFORONEMOVINGAT15MM/SISATODEPARTMENTOFMEDIAARCHITECTURE,FACULTYOFSYSTEMINFORMATIONSCIENCEENGINEERING,FUTUREUNIVERSITYHAKODATE,1162KAMEDANAKANO,HAKODATE,HOKKAIDO0418655,JAPANRNAKAMURABDEPARTMENTOFMEDICALSYSTEMENGINEERING,GRADUATESCHOOLOFENGINEERING,CHIBAUNIVERSITY,133YAYOICHO,INAGEKU,CHIBA2638522,JAPANEMAILRYOICHINFACULTYCHIBAUJPCONCLUSIONTHEEFFECTIVENESSOFANULTRASOUNDNAVIGATIONSYSTEMWASQUANTITATIVELYEVALUATEDBYUSINGTHEPOSITIONINGERRORFORAMOVINGTARGETTHISNAVIGATIONSYSTEMDEMONSTRATEDHIGHCALCULATIONSPEEDANDPOSITIONINGACCURACYFORAMOVINGTARGETTHEREFORE,ITISSUITABLETOGUIDETHESURGERYOFABDOMINALINTERNALORGANSEG,INFETALANDABDOMINALSURGERIESTHATMOVEORCHANGESHAPEDURINGBREATHINGANDSURGICALAPPROACHESKEYWORDSSURGICALNAVIGATIONIMAGEGUIDEDULTRASOUNDGPUCUDAINTRODUCTIONSURGICALNAVIGATIONSYSTEMSAREUTILIZEDINFIELDSSUCHASCRANIALNERVESURGERY,HEADANDNECKSURGERY,OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY,ANDORTHOPEDICSAPOPULARSTRATEGYISTOUSESUCHNAVIGATIONSYSTEMSFORHIGHLYACCURATEANDSAFESURGERIESTHESENAVIGATIONSYSTEMSGUIDESURGICALINSTRUMENTSBYUSINGPREOPERATIVEMEDICALIMAGEDATAOFBODYPARTSRECENTLY,INTRAOPERATIVEMEDICALIMAGEDATAHAVEBEENUSEDTOENABLENAVIGATIONTOTISSUESTHATMOVEANDCHANGESHAPEDURINGSURGERYEG,ABDOMINALORGANS,BLOODVESSELSBVS,TUMORSINTRAOPERATIVEIMAGESHAVEBEENPROVIDEDFORREALTIMEUPDATESINSYSTEMSBASEDONXRAYFLUOROSCOPY,ULTRASOUND,ANDMAGNETICRESONANCEMRGIVENTHATINTRAOPERATIVEIMAGESCANBEACQUIREDATHIGHSPEEDANDLOWCOST,NUMEROUSIMAGENAVIGATIONSYSTEMSANDMETHODSBASEDONANULTRASOUNDDIAGNOSTICSYSTEMHAVEBEENREPORTEDTHESEREPORTSSHOWTHATSURGICALNAVIGATIONOFABDOMINALORGANSCANBEREALIZEDEFFECTIVELY1–6INONESUCHSYSTEM,THEULTRASOUNDPROBEISROTATEDATHIGHSPEED,ANDATHREEDIMENSIONAL3DIMAGEISCONSTRUCTEDFROMTHEACQUIREDTWODIMENSIONAL2DULTRASOUNDIMAGES123INTJCARS20138379–393381FIG1SYSTEMCONFIGURATIONFOR3DULTRASOUNDSURGICALNAVIGATIONSYSTEMACCURACYDUETOTHETIMEDELAYOFTHESYSTEMANDTHESPEEDOFAMOVINGTARGETGPUBASED3DULTRASOUNDSURGICALNAVIGATIONSYSTEMTOACHIEVETHEOBJECTIVEOFDEVELOPINGASYSTEMTOENABLENAVIGATIONTOINTERNALORGANSEG,ABDOMINALORGANS,WAFLES,FETALSURGERYINNEARREALTIME,WEDEVELOPEDAGPUBASEDFAST3DULTRASOUNDSURGICALNAVIGATIONSYSTEMTHISSYSTEMNAVIGATEDSURGICALINSTRUMENTSBYUSING3DPOSITIONDATAFROMANOPTICAL3DTRACKINGSYSTEMANDULTRASOUNDVOLUMEDATAFROMTHEULTRASOUNDDIAGNOSTICSYSTEMASSHOWNINFIG1,OURSYSTEMCONSISTSOFANULTRASOUNDDIAGNOSTICSYSTEMPROSOUNDΑ7HITACHIALOKAMEDICAL,LTDWITHAUSBLANADAPTERUE1000TG2PLANEXCOMMUNICATIONSINC,A3DULTRASOUNDPROBECONSISTINGOFAMECHANICALCONVEXSECTORASU1010HITACHIALOKAMEDICAL,LTD,ANOPTICAL3DTRACKINGSYSTEMPOLARISVICRANDIINC,ANDAWORKSTATIONWITHGPUSTHEWORKSTATIONCONSISTSOFACPUCOREI7950PROCESSORINTELCORP,ADISPLAYGPUGLADIACGTX580ELSAJAPANINC,ACOMPUTATIONALGPUTESLAC2050NVIDIACORP,AMOTORCONTROLLERBOARDPCI7414VINTERFACECORP,ANDANOPERATINGSYSTEMWINDOWS7PROFESSIONAL64BIT,MICROSOFTTHEUSBLANADAPTERISUSEDTOTRANSMITULTRASOUNDVOLUMEDATAFROMTHEULTRASOUNDDIAGNOSTICSYSTEMTOTHEWORKSTATIONTHEOPTICALTRACKINGMARKERISATTACHEDTOTHEULTRASOUNDPROBE,ANDTHECOORDINATESYSTEMSFORTHEOPTICALTRACKINGSYSTEM,TRACKINGMARKEROFTHEULTRASOUNDPROBE,ANDULTRASOUNDIMAGEAREINTEGRATEDINADDITION,THEMOTORCONTROLLERBOARDCONTROLSTHEMOTOROFANEVALUATIONPHANTOMOURNAVIGATIONSYSTEMPROVIDESUSEFULINFORMATIONABOUTTHECURRENTPOSITIONANDORIENTATIONOFASURGICALINSTRUMENTDURINGSURGERYTHEGRAPHICUSERINTERFACEGUIOFOURNAVIGATIONSYSTEMWASSHOWNINFIG2THEGUIOFTHESYSTEMCONSISTSOFATABOFNAVIGATIONFUNCTIONBUTTONSASWELLASVOLUMERENDERINGANDCROSSSECTIONALIMAGESTHECROSSSECTIONALIMAGESCONSISTOFTRANSVERSETRS,SAGITTALSAG,ANDCORONALCORIMAGESOFTHEINSTRUMENTSOURSYSTEMCANBEUSEDVERYEASILYITISSWITCHEDTOTHENAVIGATIONMODEONLYAFTERTHENAVIGATIONSTARTBUTTONISCLICKEDFIG2,ANDTHESYSTEMAUTOMATICALLYADJUSTSTOALLRESOLUTIONSOFVOL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上傳時間:2024-03-13
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簡介:JOURNALOFMATERIALSPROCESSINGTECHNOLOGY139200381–89AWINDOWSNATIVE3DPLASTICINJECTIONMOLDDESIGNSYSTEMLKONG,JYHFUH?,KSLEE,XLLIU,LSLING,YFZHANG,AYCNEEDEPARTMENTOFMECHANICALENGINEERING,NATIONALUNIVERSITYOFSINGAPORE,10KENTRIDGECRESCENT,SINGAPORE119260,SINGAPOREABSTRACT3DSOLIDMODELINGREVOLUTIONHASREACHEDTHEDESIGNMAINSTREAMWHILEHIGHEND3DSOLIDMODELINGSYSTEMSHAVEBEENONENGINEERS’WORKSTATIONATLARGEAEROSPACE,CONSUMERPRODUCTS,ANDAUTOMOBILECOMPANIESFORYEARS,MANYSMALLERCOMPANIESARENOWMAKINGTHESWITCHFROMWORKSTATIONSTOPCONEREASONFORTHESHIFTISTHATTHEFLEXIBILITYANDADVANCEMENTOFWINDOWSNATIVE/NTHASLETSOFTWAREDEVELOPERSCREATEAPPLICATIONSTHATAREAFFORDABLEANDEASYTOUSEHIGHENDUSERSAREFINDINGTHATMIDRANGESOLIDMODELERS,SUCHASSOLIDWORKS,HAVEMETTHEIRNEEDSSOLIDWORKSWASCHOSENASTHEPLATFORMDUETOTHEWINDOWSNATIVEDESIGNENVIRONMENT,POWERFULASSEMBLYCAPABILITIES,EASEOFUSE,RAPIDLEARNINGCURVE,ANDAFFORDABLEPRICEAWINDOWSNATIVE3DPLASTICINJECTIONMOLDDESIGNSSYSTEMHASBEENIMPLEMENTEDONANNTTHROUGHINTERFACINGVISUALCCODESWITHTHECOMMERCIALSOFTWARE,SOLIDWORKS99ANDAPITHESYSTEMPROVIDESADESIGNERWITHANINTERACTIVECOMPUTERAIDEDDESIGNENVIRONMENT,WHICHCANBOTHSPEEDUPTHEMOLDDESIGNPROCESSANDFACILITATESTANDARDIZATION?2003ELSEVIERSCIENCEBVALLRIGHTSRESERVEDKEYWORDSPLASTICINJECTIONMOLDWINDOWSCADPARTING1INTRODUCTIONWITHTHEBROADERUSEOFPLASTICSPARTSINAWIDEPRODUCTRANGE,FROMCONSUMERPRODUCTSTOMACHINERY,CARSANDAIRPLANES,THEINJECTIONMOLDINGPROCESSHASBEENRECOGNIZEDASANIMPORTANTMANUFACTURINGPROCESSTHEMOLDDESIGNPROCESSISGENERALLYTHECRITICALPATHOFANEWPRODUCTDEVELOPMENTCONVENTIONALLY,MOLDDESIGNHASALWAYSBEENAMUCH“MYSTIFIED”ART,REQUIRINGYEARSOFEXPERIENCEBEFOREONECANBERELATIVELYPROFICIENTINITDUETOTHEINITIALDIFFICULTYINLEARNINGTHISART,LESSANDLESSPEOPLEAREBENEFITINGFROMTHEEXPERIENCEANDKNOWLEDGEOFTHEEXPERTSINTHISFIELDTOCHANGETHECURRENTSITUATION,ONEWAYISTOUSEACOMPUTERAIDEDDESIGNCADSYSTEMCADASANEVERYDAYTERMHASGROWNTOABROADRANGEOFCAPABILITIESANDHASAPPLICATIONSINFIELDSRANGINGFROMEDUCATIONFORSCHOOLTEACHINGTOTHREEDIMENSIONALMECHANICALDESIGNATTHEPRESENTTIME,MOSTCADSYSTEMSPROVIDEONLYTHEGEOMETRICMODELINGFUNCTIONSTHATFACILITATETHEDRAFTINGOPERATIONSOFMOLDDESIGN,ANDDONOTPROVIDEMOLDDESIGNERSWITHTHENECESSARYKNOWLEDGETODESIGNTHEMOLDSTHUS,MUCH“ADDON”SOFTWARE,EGIMOLD?,HAVEBEENDEVELOPEDONHIGHLEVEL3DMODELINGPLATFORMSTO?CORRESPONDINGAUTHORFAX6567791459EMAILADDRESSMPEFUHYHNUSEDUSGJYHFUHFACILITATETHEMOLDDESIGNPROCESSESSUCHANARRANGEMENTISADVANTAGEOUSINMANYWAYSTHE3DMODELINGPLATFORMPROVIDESPLUGINSOFTWAREWITHALIBRARYOFFUNCTIONSASWELLASANESTABLISHEDUSERINTERFACEANDSTYLEOFPROGRAMMINGASARESULT,THEDEVELOPMENTTIMEFORTHESE“ADDONS”ISSIGNIFICANTLYREDUCEDIMOLD?INTELLIGENTMOLDDESIGN1ISAKNOWLEDGEBASEDSOFTWAREAPPLICATION,WHICHRUNSONTHEUNIGRAPHICSSOLIDWORKSPLATFORMANDISCARRIEDOUTBYUSINGTHEUSERFUNCTIONPROVIDEDITISAVAILABLEONTHEUNIXANDWINDOWSOPERATIONSYSTEMFORYEARS,MOLDDESIGNENGINEERSHAVEHADTODEALWITHTWODIFFERENTSYSTEMS,UNIXANDPCTHEFORMERISWIDELYUSEDINENGINEERINGAPPLICATIONSWHILSTTHELATTERISUSEDMAINLYINSMALLANDMEDIUMCOMPANIESENGINEERSALSONEEDTORUNCORPORATEOFFICEAPPLICATIONSSUCHASWORDPROCESSING,SPREADSHEETS,ANDPROJECTMANAGEMENTTOOLS,BUTTHESEWERENOTONTHEIRUNIXWORKSTATIONSFORTUNATELY,THEREMARKABLEDEVELOPMENTOFCOMPUTERTECHNOLOGYINTHELASTDECADEHASPROVIDEDAWAYTOCHANGETHISSITUATIONTHEMOSTSIGNIFICANTCHANGEHASBEENINTHEAREAOFCOMPUTERHARDWARE,IETHEACTUALELECTRONICCOMPONENTSASSOCIATEDWITHDATAPROCESSING,INFORMATIONSTORAGE,ANDDISPLAYTECHNOLOGY,INTERMSOFBOTHSPEEDANDMEMORYTHESEHAVERESULTEDINTHEMOREEFFICIENTUSEOFTHESOLIDMODELINGFUNCTIONSINAPCBASEDCAD/CAMSYSTEMWITHTHEINCREASEDAVAILABILITYOFSOPHISTICATED,LOWCOSTSOFTWAREFORWINDOWS,MOREANDMOREENGINEERS09240136/03/–SEEFRONTMATTER?2003ELSEVIERSCIENCEBVALLRIGHTSRESERVEDDOI101016/S0924013603001869LKONGETAL/JOURNALOFMATERIALSPROCESSINGTECHNOLOGY139200381–8983SYSTEMCOMPAREDWITHIMOLDUSERS’APPLICATIONSCANBECREATEDANDRUNASASTANDALONEEXEFILEORASAUSERDLLOREXTENSIONDLLINSOLIDWORKSTHESOLIDWORKSADDINMANAGERALLOWSUSERSTOCONTROLWHICHTHIRDPARTYSOFTWAREISLOADEDATANYTIMEDURINGTHEIRSOLIDWORKSSESSIONMORETHANONEPACKAGECANBELOADEDATONCE,ANDTHESETTINGSWILLBEMAINTAINEDACROSSSOLIDWORKSSESSIONS31SOLIDWORKSSOLIDWORKSRECENTLYEMERGEDASONEOFTHE3DPRODUCTDESIGNSOFTWAREFORWINDOWS,PROVIDINGONEOFTHEMOSTPOWERFULANDINTUITIVEMECHANICALDESIGNSOLUTIONINITSCLASSINSOLIDWORKS,PARTSARECREATEDBYBUILDINGA“BASEFEATURE,”ANDADDINGOTHERFEATURESSUCHASBOSSES,CUTS,HOLES,FILLETS,ORSHELLSTHEBASEFEATUREMAYBEANEXTRUSION,REVOLUTION,SWEPTPROFILE,ORLOFTTOCREATEABASEFEATURE,SKETCHATWODIMENSIONALGEOMETRICPROFILEANDMOVETHEPROFILETHROUGHSPACETOCREATEAVOLUMEGEOMETRYCANBESKETCHEDONCONSTRUCTIONPLANESORONPLANARSURFACESOFPARTSFEATUREBASEDSOLIDMODELINGPROGRAMSAREMAKINGTWODIMENSIONALDESIGNTECHNIQUESOBSOLETEHOWEVER,UNIXBASEDSOLIDMODELINGSOFTWAREAREEXPENSIVEWITHTHEINTRODUCTIONOFSOLIDWORKSFORMICROSOFTWINDOWS,THECOSTISLESSTHANTHEPRICEOFEARLIERDIMENSIONDRIVENSOLIDMODELINGPROGRAMS332PARASOLIDASA3DKERNELSOLIDWORKSUSESPARASOLIDASA3DKERNELPARASOLIDKERNELMODELINGTOOLKIT,ISRECOGNIZEDASAWORLD’SLEADING,PRODUCTIONPROVENCORESOLIDMODELERDESIGNEDASANEXACTFIG2SOLIDWORKSAPIOBJECTSBOUNDARYREPRE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下載積分: 10 賞幣
上傳時間:2024-03-13
頁數(shù): 9
大?。?0.5(MB)
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簡介:鄭州輕工業(yè)學(xué)院鄭州輕工業(yè)學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)外文翻譯題目填埋式柔性液體管道的三維有限元分析案例研究學(xué)生姓名許斌專業(yè)班級機械設(shè)計制造及其自動化052學(xué)號200502010216院(系)機電工程學(xué)院指導(dǎo)教師職稱王紅衛(wèi)(教授)完成時間2009年6月1日掩埋,壓縮將導(dǎo)致管線在溝槽中橫向變形其結(jié)果是長生有限向上位移的“狹窄蜿蜒”。同樣,這仍然是一個穩(wěn)定的結(jié)構(gòu)。但是,一方面,如果溝槽寬度太窄而不能消除管道的過度應(yīng)變能,管道就只能向上移動。另一方面,溝填的管道可能被覆蓋少量的土壤,雖然這樣管道的橫向移動被極大的限制,但向上的位移卻會過大(或不穩(wěn)定)。最終當(dāng)管線應(yīng)變能超過回填物和管道自重提供的約束時,管線會脫離溝槽。對柔性管道而言,這種過度的向上的位移經(jīng)常被成為劇變屈曲。對于接近劇變屈曲狀態(tài)的柔性管道而言,重點是,管道相對環(huán)境危害將變的脆弱或失去其結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性。影響劇變屈曲的因素包括安裝和挖溝產(chǎn)生的預(yù)應(yīng)力,初始時海底結(jié)構(gòu)和柔性管道的結(jié)構(gòu)性能以及周圍媒介如溝槽、回填土或負載。所以,為所有海底管線評估潛在的劇變屈曲以成為普遍的做法,它可以使管線工作在更高的流量、壓力和溫度下。以上規(guī)格的支付要求會顯著增加項目預(yù)算。根據(jù)規(guī)格的支付要求會造成更大的風(fēng)險,引起劇變屈曲從而破壞結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性。此外一旦其成為經(jīng)濟上的制約,其它選項如設(shè)計智能路線或給管線預(yù)先加壓也應(yīng)該被考慮。為劇變屈曲已經(jīng)建立了很多模型,但它們中的大多數(shù)局限于簡化的個人資料,以便于分析模型可以在普遍靜平衡的基礎(chǔ)上得以發(fā)展。重點主要放在關(guān)鍵驅(qū)動力和上舉反力上,它們決定覆蓋物設(shè)計而不是模擬管線反應(yīng)。這些簡化方法可能過于保守并且在某些情況下,它們不能確定危險點和潛在的劇變屈曲風(fēng)險,這可能導(dǎo)致嚴重的經(jīng)濟后果。因此重要的是理解管線如何響應(yīng)各種附加情況,一邊獲取更高效率的設(shè)計,以確保管線的完整性,特別是柔性管道。為了更現(xiàn)實的評估離岸管線的劇變屈曲風(fēng)險,本文提出了一種有限元分析法。劇變屈曲的分析方法劇變屈曲的分析方法WELLSTREAM的劇變屈曲分析是一種有限元分析法(FEM)。進行該分析是利用ANSYS一種大規(guī)模、通用的有限元程序,它利用有限元方法對結(jié)構(gòu)、電子及電磁進行分析。當(dāng)把壓力、熱力條件和管道自重(包括或不包括管道內(nèi)液體)納入考慮之中時,非線性、大撓度單元被用來模擬柔性管道、海底和海溝是可行的。另外,集中或分散的預(yù)應(yīng)力和指定的位移也可以得到解決。柔性管道和回填土
下載積分: 10 賞幣
上傳時間:2024-03-11
頁數(shù): 15
大?。?0.27(MB)
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簡介:三維空間攔截的前置追蹤變結(jié)構(gòu)制導(dǎo)律三維空間攔截的前置追蹤變結(jié)構(gòu)制導(dǎo)律葛連正,沈毅,高云峰,趙立軍哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)控制科學(xué)與工程系,黑龍江哈爾濱150001摘要摘要為了解決導(dǎo)引頭探測由于高速運動所引起的干擾問題,提出了空間攔截的前置攔截方式。在建立了前置追蹤導(dǎo)引方式的三維制導(dǎo)模型的基礎(chǔ)上,對機動目標(biāo)攔截基于李亞普諾夫穩(wěn)定性分析方法設(shè)計了一種前置追蹤非線性變結(jié)構(gòu)制導(dǎo)律。前置追蹤制導(dǎo)律將攔截器導(dǎo)引到目標(biāo)軌道的前方進行攔截,要求攔截器的速度小于目標(biāo)導(dǎo)彈的速度。攔截器和目標(biāo)導(dǎo)彈彈道攔截的三維數(shù)字仿真驗證了制導(dǎo)模型和制導(dǎo)律的正確性。關(guān)鍵詞前置追蹤;三維制導(dǎo)模型;非線性變結(jié)構(gòu);李亞普諾夫定理;制導(dǎo)律1引言引言在攔截戰(zhàn)術(shù)彈道導(dǎo)彈的攔截,多用來探測目標(biāo)的紅外導(dǎo)引頭。然而,檢測精度往往是由于氣動加熱而退化1。為了解決氣動燒蝕問題,最近已開發(fā)的前置追蹤(HP)制導(dǎo)律攔截導(dǎo)彈,它的位置在對其飛行軌跡的目標(biāo)摧毀目標(biāo)2。利用該制導(dǎo)律,攔截器可以飛相同的方向與目標(biāo)在一個較低的速度擊中目標(biāo)。相比于正面接觸,低速度達到減少能源消耗。HP的指導(dǎo)方法是文獻中的進一步改進。相對運動模型可以被視為兩個垂直通道和制導(dǎo)問題每一個平面的問題。前置追蹤變結(jié)構(gòu)制導(dǎo)律進行了基于平面的模型。然而,由于實際導(dǎo)彈攔截發(fā)生在在三維空間中,一個三維的前置追蹤指導(dǎo)方法在實際中是比較有用的。各種經(jīng)典制導(dǎo)方法已檢查的三維制導(dǎo)攔截以來實施的三維純比例導(dǎo)引律由艾德勒提出的起源5。參考文獻611。已開發(fā)的三維制導(dǎo)模型,給出了基于李雅普諾夫穩(wěn)定性理論指導(dǎo)法。這些制導(dǎo)律只適宜迎面攔截,攔截方式和運動學(xué)模型不同于HP的指導(dǎo)方法。作為一個直觀的強大的控制技術(shù),滑模變結(jié)構(gòu)控制1215一直在用各種指導(dǎo)應(yīng)用用來解決大的建模誤差和不確定性的非線性1??Ω?2COSCOS?COSCOS?COSCOSSINCOSTANCOSSIN?COSSIN??3COSSIN?COSSIN?COS?SINSINSIN?SIN?4SINTANCOSSIN?COSSIN?COSSIN?SIN?COSCOSSINCOSTAN?COSSIN?COSSIN??5COSSIN?COSSIN?COSSINSINSIN?SIN?SINTANCOSSIN?COSSIN?COS6SIN?SIN和VT分別是攔截器速度矢量和目標(biāo)速度矢量。Ω1是LOS的視線角速度矢量。AYT和AZT分別是假定上的目標(biāo)機動加速度和偏航機動加速度。AYM和AZM分別是俯仰機動加速度和攔截器的偏航機動加速度。前置追蹤制導(dǎo)律要求攔截器的速度低于目標(biāo),所以速度比定義為7N1為了達到目標(biāo),在攔截點R0不僅是必需的,但也需要目標(biāo)在方向上攔截飛行器,因此,8LIM→00LIM→00,9LIM→00LIM→00指導(dǎo)法的目的是使前置追蹤的攔截器的達到這個點,這是限制的公式。(8)(9)。因此,攔截器導(dǎo)角ΘM和MΦ需要與目標(biāo)的鉛角度相對瞄準線,1012
下載積分: 10 賞幣
上傳時間:2024-03-13
頁數(shù): 8
大?。?0.72(MB)
子文件數(shù):
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簡介:中文中文5377字出處出處ASME200221STINTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONOFFSHOREMECHANICSANDARCTICENGINEERINGAMERICANSOCIETYOFMECHANICALENGINEERS,2002435442本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)外文翻譯題目填埋式柔性液體管道的三維有限元分析案例研究學(xué)生姓名專業(yè)班級機械設(shè)計制造及其自動化052學(xué)號院(系)機電工程學(xué)院指導(dǎo)教師職稱完成時間2009年6月1日線的終端一般是固定在剛性結(jié)構(gòu)或設(shè)備上,這樣管線的延長將在縱向方向被限制,這就是遠離管道終端部分的問題所在,其結(jié)果就是管道軸向部分被壓縮。如果管道是平鋪在海底則此壓縮將導(dǎo)致管道橫向移動,以紓緩其應(yīng)變能,其結(jié)果是產(chǎn)生“蜿蜒”但穩(wěn)定的結(jié)構(gòu)。如果管道被溝填,溝槽寬度足夠但不被掩埋,壓縮將導(dǎo)致管線在溝槽中橫向變形其結(jié)果是長生有限向上位移的“狹窄蜿蜒”。同樣,這仍然是一個穩(wěn)定的結(jié)構(gòu)。但是,一方面,如果溝槽寬度太窄而不能消除管道的過度應(yīng)變能,管道就只能向上移動。另一方面,溝填的管道可能被覆蓋少量的土壤,雖然這樣管道的橫向移動被極大的限制,但向上的位移卻會過大(或不穩(wěn)定)。最終當(dāng)管線應(yīng)變能超過回填物和管道自重提供的約束時,管線會脫離溝槽。對柔性管道而言,這種過度的向上的位移經(jīng)常被成為劇變屈曲。對于接近劇變屈曲狀態(tài)的柔性管道而言,重點是,管道相對環(huán)境危害將變的脆弱或失去其結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性。影響劇變屈曲的因素包括安裝和挖溝產(chǎn)生的預(yù)應(yīng)力,初始時海底結(jié)構(gòu)和柔性管道的結(jié)構(gòu)性能以及周圍媒介如溝槽、回填土或負載。所以,為所有海底管線評估潛在的劇變屈曲以成為普遍的做法,它可以使管線工作在更高的流量、壓力和溫度下。以上規(guī)格的支付要求會顯著增加項目預(yù)算。根據(jù)規(guī)格的支付要求會造成更大的風(fēng)險,引起劇變屈曲從而破壞結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性。此外一旦其成為經(jīng)濟上的制約,其它選項如設(shè)計智能路線或給管線預(yù)先加壓也應(yīng)該被考慮。為劇變屈曲已經(jīng)建立了很多模型,但它們中的大多數(shù)局限于簡化的個人資料,以便于分析模型可以在普遍靜平衡的基礎(chǔ)上得以發(fā)展。重點主要放在關(guān)鍵驅(qū)動力和上舉反力上,它們決定覆蓋物設(shè)計而不是模擬管線反應(yīng)。這些簡化方法可能過于保守并且在某些情況下,它們不能確定危險點和潛在的劇變屈曲風(fēng)險,這可能導(dǎo)致嚴重的經(jīng)濟后果。因此重要的是理解管線如何響應(yīng)各種附加情況,一邊獲取更高效率的設(shè)計,以確保管線的完整性,特別是柔性管道。為了更現(xiàn)實的評估離岸管線的劇變屈曲風(fēng)險,本文提出了一種有限元分析法。劇變屈曲的分析方法劇變屈曲的分析方法WELLSTREAM的劇變屈曲分析是一種有限元分析法(FEM)。進行該分析是利用ANSYS一種大規(guī)模、通用的有限元程序,它利用有限元方法對結(jié)構(gòu)、電
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簡介:目錄摘要摘要1ABSTRACTABSTRACT21、緒論、緒論311研究背景312研究目的413研究現(xiàn)狀414三維激光掃描系統(tǒng)的工作流程715全文的組織結(jié)構(gòu)如下92、三維激光掃描儀的工作原理及分類、三維激光掃描儀的工作原理及分類101021距離測量12211三角測距法12212脈沖測距法12213相位測距法1322測角方法13221角位移測量法13222線位移測量法1323掃描方法1324轉(zhuǎn)換方法1425三維激光掃描儀的分類14251按平臺分類14252按距離劃分14253按工作原理劃分153、點云數(shù)據(jù)的獲取、點云數(shù)據(jù)的獲取151531非接觸法15311主動法16312被動法1681紋理貼圖的流程2882圖像拼接與映射28結(jié)論結(jié)論3030致謝致謝3131參考文獻參考文獻3232
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簡介:3DCOORDINATINGRELATIONSBETWEENSTEELCABLESANDCONCRETEOFPRESTRESSEDCONCRETEBEAMBRIDGESXIONGJUNHE1LICHUFAN2HONGMINGZHU3ANDZHONGWUYE4ABSTRACTINTERACTIONBETWEENSTEELCABLESANDCONCRETEISCOMPLICATEDINPRESTRESSEDCONCRETEBRIDGES,ESPECIALLYINCURVEDPRESTRESSEDCONCRETEBRIDGESTHEMOSTSIGNIFICANTBEHAVIOROFCURVEDBEAMBRIDGESUNDERTHELOADSISTHAT,ATTHESAMETIMEOFVERTICALFLEXURE,TORSIONOCCURSONTHECROSSSECTION,WHICHCOMPLICATESTHEMECHANICALANALYSISTOCURVEDBEAMBRIDGESBASEDONCOORDINATINGRELATIONSOFSTEELCABLESANDCONCRETE?CRSC?,THEGRILLAGESTRUCTUREFINITEELEMENTMETHODWASADOPTEDTOANALYZETHESPATIALEFFECTOFCURVEDBEAMBRIDGESTHISWAY,THEEFFECTOFALLPRESTRESSINGPROCEDURESCANBESIMULATEDPROPERLY,INCLUDINGTHEPRESTRESSINGLOSSDUETOCONCRETESHRINKAGEANDCREEP,BATCHPRESTRESSINGOFTHECABLES,ETCFURTHERMORE,ITISEFFECTIVETOANALYZETHEINTEGRATEDBEHAVIOROFTHECOMBINEDSTEELCABLESSPACEOUTANDCONCRETETHEEFFICIENCYANDRELIABILITYOFTHECRSCMETHODISDEMONSTRATEDBYOURANALYSISSYSTEMWXQ20DEVELOPEDFORCURVEDSKEWBRIDGESDOI101061/?ASCE?10840702?2009?144?279?CEDATABASESUBJECTHEADINGSBRIDGES,BOXGIRDERBRIDGES,CONCRETEBEAMSPRESTRESSINGSTRUCTURALMODELSTHREEDIMENSIONALANALYSISINTRODUCTIONWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFBRIDGESTRUCTURETECHNOLOGYANDTRAFFICTECHNOLOGY,THEPRESTRESSEDCONCRETEBRIDGESHAVEBEENWIDELYAPPLIED,ESPECIALLYTOCURVEDPRESTRESSEDCONCRETEBRIDGESTHESTRUCTURESHAVESERIOUSCURVATURETWISTINGCOUPLING,WHICHCOMPLICATESTHEINTERACTIONMECHANISMBETWEENSTEELCABLESANDCONCRETEINAPPLICATIONOFTHINWALLEDBOXSECTIONS,ALLKINDSOFDIFFICULTIESOFTHINWALLEDBOXSECTIONANALYSISAREENCOUNTEREDMANYSCHOLARSHAVEMADEGREATACHIEVEMENTS,SUCHASPROFOUNDTHEORETICALRESEARCHTOTORSIONANDBENDINGOFBIGCURVATURETHINWALLEDBOXBEAMS?LI1987?,SHEARLAGEFFECTOFCURVEDCONTINUOUSBEAMBRIDGES?PENGANDWANG1998?INORDERTOSTUDYSTRUCTURALBEHAVIORSOFINTERNALLYBONDEDTENDON,UNBONDEDTENDONANDEXTERNALLYPRESTRESSEDCONCRETEBEAMBRIDGES,ATENDONMODELTHATCANBEUSEDINFINITEELEMENTANALYSESOFPRESTRESSEDCONCRETESTRUCTURESWITHBONDEDTENDONSWASSTUDIEDBASEDONTHEBONDCHARACTERISTICSBETWEENATENDONANDITSSURROUNDINGCONCRETE?KWAKANDKIM2006A,B?THEULTIMATELOADOFPRESTRESSEDHIGHSTRENGTHCONCRETEBEAMWASANALYZEDWITHNONLINEARMATERIALPROPERTIESCONSIDERED?LIUANDYAN2006?AMODIFIEDBONDREDUCTIONCOEFFICIENTISSTUDIEDFOREVALUATIONOFTHEFLEXURALSTRENGTHOFEXTERNALLYPRESTRESSEDBEAMSBASEDONSTRAINCOMPATIBILITYANDFORCEEQUILIBRIUM?CK2003CKANDKH2006A,B?HOWEVER,HOWTOTREATINTERNALOREXTERNALPRESTRESSINGFORCESANDTOCONSIDERTHEINTERACTIONBETWEENSTEELCABLESANDCONCRETETOCONDUCTLINEARORNONLINEARANALYSISISSTILLAPROBLEMWORTHSTUDYINGSINCETHEBEGINNING,INTERNALPRESTRESSINGFORCESHAVEBEENTRADITIONALLYTREATEDASEXTERNALLOADSINANALYSIS?WU1990SUN1995?THISISANAPPROXIMATEEQUIVALENTMETHOD,WHICHHASSOMELIMITATIONSASWELLASSOMEERRORSINTHERESULTSUNDERCOMPLICATEDSITUATIONSINLONGSPANBRIDGES,ASTOTHENEEDOFSTRUCTURALFORCES,THEPRESTRESSINGCABLESWITHDIFFERENTWORKINGPROCEDURESARESPATIALCURVESWITHBIGCURVATURESINSOMEDIRECTIONS,THECALCULATIONWOULDBEVERYCOMPLICATEDINTHISCASE,THEERROROFTHERESULTSWOULDOCCUREASILYIFTHEAPPROXIMATESTIMULATIONMETHODOFTHEEXTERNALLOADSISADOPTEDINORDERTOHAVEABETTERUNDERSTANDINGOFTHESTRUCTURALBEHAVIOROFTHEPRESTRESSEDCONCRETEBEAMBRIDGES?INCLUDINGINTERNALLYBONDEDTENDONS,UNBONDEDTENDON,ANDEXTERNALLYPRESTRESSED?,THISPAPERPROPOSESAFINITEELEMENTANALYSISMETHODBASEDONCOORDINATINGRELATIONSOFSTEELCABLESANDCONCRETE?CRSC?,TOIMPROVETHEACCURACYOFTHEANALYSIS,ESPECIALLYTOTHEANALYSISOFCURVEDPRESTRESSEDCONCRETEBRIDGESTRADITIONALANALYSISMETHODOFPRESTRESSINGFORCESANDITSPROBLEMSTHEEQUIVALENTLOADMETHOD?WU1990SUN1995?ISAPPLIEDINTHETRADITIONALANALYSISOFPRESTRESSINGFORCESTHETHEORYOFTHISMETHODISTOSEPARATEPRESTRESSINGCABLESFROMTHESTRUCTURES,EQUALIZETHEIREFFECTSASEXTERNALLOADS,ANDTHENADDINGTHOSELOADSINTOTHESTRUCTURALCALCULATIONDIAGRAMASTHEEXTERNALLOADSTOEVALUATETHEPRESTRESSINGEFFECTTHROUGHTHEVECTORANALYSIS,THETHREEDIMENSIONALFORCESPRODUCEDBYPRESTRESSINGCABLESATTHEGRAVITYCENTERONTHEENDSECTIONISSHOWNASEQ?1?ANDFIG11PROFESSOR,SCHOOLOFCOMMUNICATIONS,WUHANUNIVOFTECHNOLOGY,WUHAN430063,CHINA?CORRESPONDINGAUTHOR?EMAILHXJWHUT163COM2ACADEMICIAN,PROFESSOR,DEPTOFBRIDGEENGINEERING,TONGJIUNIV,SHANGHAI200092,CHINAEMAILLEFANTONGJIEDUCN3SENIORENGINEER,ROADBRIDGELTDCOOFHUBEIPROVINCE,WUHAN430056,CHINAEMAILLEAF510163COM4SENIORENGINEER,ROADBRIDGELTDCOOFHUBEIPROVINCE,WUHAN430056,CHINAEMAILLEAF510163COMNOTETHISMANUSCRIPTWASSUBMITTEDONAUGUST28,2006APPROVEDONDECEMBER12,2008PUBLISHEDONLINEONJUNE15,2009DISCUSSIONPERIODOPENUNTILDECEMBER1,2009SEPARATEDISCUSSIONSMUSTBESUBMITTEDFORINDIVIDUALPAPERSTHISPAPERISPARTOFTHEJOURNALOFBRIDGEENGINEERING,VOL14,NO4,JULY1,2009?ASCE,ISSN10840702/2009/4279–284/2500JOURNALOFBRIDGEENGINEERING?ASCE/JULY/AUGUST2009/279JBRIDGEENG200914279284DOWNLOADEDFROMASCELIBRARYORGBYCHANGSHAUNIVERSITYOFSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYON02/26/14COPYRIGHTASCEFORPERSONALUSEONLYALLRIGHTSRESERVEDINNORMALTEMPERATUREISCALLEDTHEHETEROGENEOUSMATERIALCOMBINEDCOMPONENTTHECOMBINEDCOMPONENTCONCEPTPROPOSEDHEREISMAINLYCONSIDEREDFROMTHEFUNCTIONASPECTCOMBINEDFROMSTEELCABLESANDCONCRETE,THECOMPONENTPOSSESSESSOMEFUNCTIONS,SUCHASANTIPRESSUREANDANTIBENDINGTHEREARENOTONLYINDEPENDENCESBETWE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簡介:RESEARCHONMETHODOF3DRECONSTRUCTIONOFANCIENTARCHITECTURENANPUTUOTEMPLEJUNFENGYAOSOFTWARESCHOOLOFXIAMENUNIVERSITYYAO0010XMUEDUCNHUIZHANGSOFTWARESCHOOLOFXIAMENUNIVERSITYZHANGHUIYC163COMFEISHESOFTWARESCHOOLOFXIAMENUNIVERSITYFEIJM_225SINACOMABSTRACTINTHISPAPER,REGARDINGTHEGREATMAJESTYHALLOFTHENANPUTUOTEMPLEASAVIRTUALMODELINGOBJECT,THERESEARCHONTHENEWTECHNOLOGYOF3DRECONSTRUCTIONOFTHEANCIENTARCHITECTUREHASBEENDONE,INWHICH3DSMAXANDMULTIGENCREATORWEREAPPLIEDTHECONFLICTWASSOLVEDBETWEENPRECISIONANDTHEAMOUNTOFDATAEXISTINGINTHEPROCESSOF3DMODELINGVIRTUALANCIENTARCHITECTURETHEPRACTICALPROJECTHASPROVEDTHATTHEANCIENTARCHITECTUREMODELMADEINTHISWAYHASGOTTENLIVINGEFFECTINROAMINGSYSTEM,ATTHEMEANTIMEITSATISFIESTHEDATADEMANDOFREALTIMERENDERINGKEYWORDVIRTUALREALITYVR,ANCIENTARCHITECTUREPROTECTION,3DSMAX,MULTIGENCREATOR1INTRODUCTIONVIRTUALREALITYISANEWMANMACHINEINTERFACEITPROVIDESUSERSPARTICIPANTSWITHSATISFACTORYIMMERSEDEXPERIENCEANDMULTISENSORYCHANNELS,ANDATTEMPTSTOSEEKTHEBESTWAYOFMANMACHINECOMMUNICATION1USINGTHEVIRTUALREALITYTECHNOLOGYTOREALIZETHEREPRESENTATIONOFANCIENTARCHITECTUREISTHEINNOVATIONOFARCHITECTURALILLUSTRATIONALTOOLS,ANDITISONEOFTHEHOTTOPICSOFTHEPRESENTRESEARCHTHELIFELIKECOMPUTERMODELINGCANNOTONLYDEMONSTRATETHEPROFOUNDCULTURALDETAILSOFCHINESEANCIENTARCHITECTURES,BUTHAVEPRACTICALSIGNIFICANCETOTHEPROTECTIONOFANCIENTARCHITECTURESINFORMOFARCHIVES,THEREFOREITWASAPPLIEDMOREWIDELYTHANTHETRADITIONALPHYSICALMODELTHEMODELINGFIDELITYANDRAPIDREALTIMEDATARENDERINGARETHEFOUNDATIONSOFREALIZINGVIRTUALREALITYDESKTOPSYSTEMTHEPROJECT“XIAMENNANPUTUOTEMPLEVIRTUALROAMINGSYSTEM“REQUIREDTHATVIRTUALSCENESCOULDREACHABALANCEBETWEENTHEQUALITYIMAGEANDTHESPEEDOFTHERENDERING,ANDPRESCRIBEDSTRICTLYTHEDEGREEOFACCURACYANDDETAILOFEVERYARCHITECTUREITCONTROLLEDTHEAMOUNTOFDATAASPOSSIBLEASWECANONTHEBASISOFFINEMODELINGREGARDINGTHEGREATMAJESTYHALLOFTHENANPUTUOTEMPLEASVIRTUALMODELINGOBJECT,USINGTHEMODELINGMETHODOF3DSMAXANDMULTIGENCREATOR,THEPAPERCARRIEDONBENEFICIALDISCUSSIONTOTHEAPPLICATIONOFTHETECHNOLOGYINGEOMETRYMODELINGOFANCIENTARCHITECTURES2CHINESEANCIENTARCHITECTURES’FEATURESINTHISPAPER,THEVIRTUALMODELINGOBJECTOFTHEGREATMAJESTYHALLBELONGTOIMITATIONQINGDYNASTYANCIENTARCHITECTURESITFOLLOWEDTHEANCIENTCHINESEARCHITECTUREMAJORCHARACTERISTICSGENERALLYSUMMARIZEDASFOLLOWS21THEMOSTSIGNIFICANTCHARACTERISTICOFANCIENTCHINESEARCHITECTUREMAKEFULLUSEOFTIMBERFRAMEWORKWOODENPOSTS,BEAMS,LINTELSANDJOISTSMAKEUPTHEFRAMEWORKOFAHOUSEWALLSSERVEASTHESEPARATIONOFROOMSWITHOUTBEARINGTHEWEIGHTOFTHEWHOLEHOUSE,WHICHISUNIQUETOCHINAASAFAMOUSSAYINGGOES,CHINESEHOUSESWILLSTILLSTANDWHENTHEIRWALLSCOLLAPSETHESPECIALTYOFWOODREQUIRESANTISEPSISMETHODSTOBEADOPTED,THUSDEVELOPSINTOCHINESEOWNARCHITECTURALPAINTINGDECORATION2COLOREDGLAZEROOFS,WINDOWSWITHEXQUISITEAPPLIQUEDESIGNANDBEAUTIFULFLOWERPATTERNSONWOODENPILLARSREFLECTTHEHIGHLEVELOFTHECRAFTSMENSHANDICRAFTANDTHEIRRICHIMAGINATION3THELAYOUTOFACOURTYARDCOMPLEXISALSOUNIQUETOCHINATHEMAINSTRUCTUREISLOCATEDONTHECENTRALAXISOFACOURTWHILELESSIMPORTANTSTRUCTURESARELOCATEDTOTHELEFTANDRIGHTTHEWHOLELAYOUTISSYMMETRICAL3COMPARISONOF3DSMAXANDMULTIGENCREATORINMODELINGOFSINGLECOMPLEXARCHITECTURE,FINENESSANDFIDELITY,3DSMAXHASMOREADVANTAGESMOREMULTIGENCREATOR3DSMAXPROVIDESTHEPOLYGONMODELING,LOFTING,FACEMODELING,NURBSFACEMODELING,ANDOTHERCONVENIENTANDEFFECTIVEMODELINGMETHODITHASABETTERABILITYOFSPECIALEFFECTINTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCYBERWORLDS20089780769533810/082500?2008IEEEDOI101109/CW2008146627BUTSIMULTANEOUSLYALSOINCREASETHEBURDENOFSCENEDEMONSTRATIONUSINGTHEAPPROPRIATERESOLUTIONTEXTURESANDMATERIALSCANREDUCETHEGEOMETRICDETAILSOFTHEMODELANDATTHESAMETIMEPRODUCEBETTERVISUALEFFECTS6AFTERTHEMODELINGCOMPLETES,PROCESSTHEPHOTOSTAKENFROMTHESPOTBYHIGHRESOLUTIONDIGITALCAMERAANDTHENSAVETHEMASTEXTUREPICTURESOFAPPROPRIATESIZEUSEAPPROPRIATEMAPPINGMETHODSANDCOORDINATESIN3DSMAXTOIMPLEMENTTHEMAPPINGTOEVERYCOMPONENTOFTHEARCHITECTURE,SUCHASUSETHEUVWMAPPINGORDERINMODIFIERTOMODIFYTHEMAPPINGCOORDINATESIMULTANEOUSLYTOREDUCETHEDATAAMOUNTSOFTHETEXTURES,USETHEREPEATEDMAPPINGMETHODASFARASPOSSIBLEINMAPPINGFIGURE2SHOWSTHECOMPLETED3DMODELOFTHEGREATMAJESTYHALLFIGURE23DMODELOFTHEGREATMAJESTYHALL44IMPORTINGMODELTOCREATORFORSIMPLIFICATIONIMPORTINGMODELFROM3DSMAXTOCREATORFORMODELSIMPLIFICATIONNEEDSTHREESTEPS1IMPORTINGMODELIMPORTTHE3DSFILEEXPORTEDFROM3DSMAXTOCREATORTHENTHETEXTUREPATHOFTHEMODELLOSESSOYOUNEEDTODESIGNATEANEWTEXTUREPATHTHELATTERPATHSHOULDBEARELATIVEPATHWHICHISTHESAMETOTHEMODEL’SPATHTHISCANINCREASETHEFLEXIBILITYOFMODELPATH2ORGANIZINGTHESTRUCTUREOFDATABASETHEDATABASEOFTHE3DSFILESDOESNOTHAVETHEHIERARCHICALSTRUCTUREALLOBJECTSAREPLACEDUNDERTHEIDENTICALFATHERNODESOWESHOULDREORGANIZETHEDATABASEACCORDINGTOTHEPRIMARYANDSECONDARYOFDIFFERENTPARTSOFTHEANCIENTARCHITECTUREMODELTHISWILLNOTONLYFACILITATETHESELECTIONOPERATIONONMODELINTHEPROCESSOFMODELING,BUTALSOIMPROVETHEGRAPHICRENDERINGSPEEDANDAVOIDSOMEDRAWINGERRORSINTHESCENERENDERINGANDBROWSING3SIMPLIFYINGMODELTHATIS,UNDERTHEPREMISEOFNOTAFFECTINGTHEMODELSAPPEARANCE,TODISPLAYTHEMODELWITHFEWDATAANDELIMINATETHEREDUNDANTDATATHEEXPORTED3DSFILESSAVEFACESINFORMOFTRIANGLE,BUTTHECREATORSAVEFACESINFORMOFPOLYGONFORSIMPLIFICATION,YOUCANUSETHECOMBINEFACETOOLINCREATORTOMERGETHECOPLANARTRIANGLESTOAPOLYGONALFACETHISMAYREDUCETHEPOLYGONAMOUNTLARGELYINADDITION,THEAPPLICATIONOFINSTANCECANSIMPLIFYTHEMODELOFTEN,THEMODELOFAANCIENTARCHITECTUREINCLUDESANUMBEROFSAMECOMPONENTS,SUCHASTOUKUNG、POSTS,BEAMSANDSOONINTHEMODELINGPROCESS,YOUCANUSETHETECHNOLOGYOFINSTANCE,COPYTHECOMPONENTTOOTHERPOSITIONSSOTHATTHEDATABASEWILLNOTESTABLISHTHENODEOFTHESAMEMODELREPEATEDLYTHISCANSAVETHEMEMORYSPACEGREATLYFINALLY,SOMEINVISIBLEFACESCANBEDELETEDDIRECTLY,SUCHASTHEUNDERSIDEOFTHEMODELANDADJACENTFACESBETWEENTHENEIGHBORINGCOMPONENTS45MAKINGLODMODELLOD(LEVELOFDETAILS)ISAMODELMANAGEMENTMETHODSAVINGOBJECTSBYDIFFERENTDETAILTHESAMESCENEORTHEOBJECTINTHESCENEMAYCALLTHEMODELOFDIFFERENTDETAILLEVELACCORDINGTOTHENEEDOFDRAWINGSCENETHEHIGHERTHELODMODELSDETAILDEGREEIS,THEFINERITSMODELIS,THEBIGGERTHEDATAAMOUNTISTHELOWERTHEDETAILDEGREEIS,THELESSSIMPLEITSSCENEORMODELIS,THESMALLERTHEDATAAMOUNTISGENERALLY,THEMODELWITHLOWLEVELOFDETAILSISADOPTEDINREMOTEDISTANCEOBSERVATIONITDOESNOTAFFECTTHETHIRDDIMENSIONWHENSHORTDISTANCEOBSERVATION,THEMODELWITHHIGHLEVELOFDETAILSISADOPTED,ANDYOUMAYSEEAVERYFINEMODEL7THEREAREMANYMETHODSFORESTABLISHINGLODMODELSINTHEPAPER,WEUSETWO,DELETIONMETHODANDGRABBINGPICTUREMETHOD8THEDELETIONMETHODISTODELETETHEDETAILPARTSOFTHEMODELANDPRESERVETHEMAINPARTSITISSUITABLEFORTHECOMPONENTSOFFITMENTLEVELOFTHEARCHITECTUREBUTTHEDISADVANTAGEOFTHEMETHODISTHEDIFFICULTYTOMINIMIZETHEMODELSDATAAMOUNTTHEGRABBINGPICTUREMETHODCANSIMPLIFYSOMEFACESTHEMODELNEEDSTODISPLAY,SUCHASTHEWINDOWSOFTHEARCHITECTURE,THEIRSTRUCTURESAREVERYCOMPLICATEDTHISCANBEDONEBYGRABBINGPICTUREMETHODTHEGRABBINGPICTUREMETHODISTOGRABIMAGEUSINGTHEFUNCTIONOFCAPTURINGSCREEN,THENDEALWITHITFORTEXTURE,ANDFINALLYASSOCIATETHETEXTUREWITHAWHOLEFACETODEMONSTRATETHEFACEOFTHEMODELTHEFACESOFTHECOMPLETEDJUNIORLODMODELSHOULDNOTEXCEEDONETHIRDOFTHESENIORLODMODELFIGURE3SHOWSTHETHREELEVELLODMODELUSINGDELETIONMETHODANDGRABBINGPICTUREMETHODLODMODELOFLEVEL1629
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上傳時間:2024-03-13
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