工業(yè)設計外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　畢業(yè)設計（論文）</b></p><p><b>　　外文翻譯</b></p><p>　　題 目 戰(zhàn)后重建：IDEO和邁克爾·格雷夫斯為傷殘的退役軍人設計的家</p><p>　　專 業(yè) 工 業(yè) 設 計 </p>

2、<p>　　班 級 2008 級 0 1 班 </p><p>　　學 生 李 靜 </p><p>　　指導教師 郭 園</p><p>　　重慶交通大學 2012 年</p>

3、;<p>　　戰(zhàn)后重建:IDEO和邁克爾.格雷夫斯為殘疾的退役軍人設計的家</p><p>　　元林儀發(fā)表于2011.11.30</p><p>　　在傷兵的家中設計靈活的廚房設計.所有的圖片和視頻由IDEO提供</p><p>　　在不到一個月的時間里,最后的駐軍伊拉克的美軍準備回家.美國已經(jīng)做好準備去慶祝這個痛苦的令人擔心的政治和戰(zhàn)爭時代的結束,退

4、伍軍人和他們的家人即將面臨他們的另一個巨大的挑戰(zhàn):回到家迎接一個和平時期的”常態(tài)”.通常,美國的男女軍人都帶著他們身體和心理上的疼痛回家.”基于他們特殊的能力和參考去尋找適應他們生活環(huán)境的變通方法”.今天, ,當美國貝爾沃堡軍隊和克拉克物業(yè)把在軍事基地上建筑的新模型:”傷員的家”展示出來的時候, IDEO和邁克爾·格雷夫斯組織他們的工作就活躍起來了</p><p>　　傷員之家這個項目是和弗吉尼亞洲的一

5、家房地產(chǎn)公司克拉克物業(yè)合作的，并得到了國防部的支持，自發(fā)性的為服務人員們開發(fā)私有化的住房。運用IDEO的以人為中心的設計程序，調(diào)查小組觀察和采訪了10位市民和20位受傷的士兵，“通過會見他們的家人，以及從差不多20多位專家的反饋。IDEO的工作人員問他們問題，意指說明怎樣從現(xiàn)役軍人受傷后恢復到平民生活中，什么能夠使他們的經(jīng)歷更高貴、更健康，又是什么讓他們和家人、親密的朋友以及這個世界重新聯(lián)系在一起?！癐DEO沉浸在傷兵們自我恢復和治療的

6、過程中，同時也咨詢很多醫(yī)學專家和利益團體。</p><p>　　通過他們的進行，團隊很快意識到?jīng)]有一個受傷的士兵時這樣的，相反，他們的工作行為是需要適應大范圍的交互，同時也需要身心障礙服務。IDEO從這次調(diào)查中鑒定出7個雙重性：</p><p>　　詳細說明的地方、沒有說明的地方：一個家庭從來就不是一成不變的。在一個家庭里面，角色的轉變、偏好的改變，以及最重要的，身體和心理的重創(chuàng)支配一個進

7、化裝置的挑戰(zhàn)。這就要求不管在有說明的地方還是沒有注明的地方都要有靈活的設計。人們希望自己是家的建筑師。開放式的空間能給他們足夠的空間，想象為自己塑造的積極地未來。</p><p>　　移動的根：當他們每隔幾年被猛提起,定下來是很難的。持續(xù)不斷轉瞬即逝的軍隊生活的地方是額外需要家庭的。人們不愿覺得他們只是路過,短時工,從一個地方到另一個地方。他們想要家去感覺他們終于到達了目的地。流動性和深深的扎根可以決定大量的幸福

8、。</p><p>　　內(nèi)外結合：詩人、探索者和修復理療師都知道人體巨大的自愈能力。在任何人遭受創(chuàng)傷，生理或者心理問題時，這是一個巨大的禮物。外面的世界甚至后院都是深呼吸的地方,也就是自由的地方。自然是大自然之力。這個雙重性是關于將外面世界的經(jīng)驗帶回到家里，同樣重要的是，確保外面的旅程是短暫的，容易的，愉悅的。</p><p>　　可見的&隱形的安全性：精神上的創(chuàng)傷,來自崗位戰(zhàn)斗的

9、壓力,困床問題---這些都是使他們很難感覺到安全的因素。人們總是想保護他們隱私，但是360度對外界完全可見。這個二重性是關于通過隱藏和減少曝光來提供安全的，同時也可以通過能見度，即時通信，和控制他們的環(huán)境來制造安全感。</p><p>　　社交隱私：有時候，人們將他們自己的家看做避難所，休息的地方，一個隱人反思的地方。其他時候，人們看待他們的家是一個與世隔絕地方。家必須是一個給人舒舒服服休息的地方，是一個度過喧鬧

10、美好時光的地方，同時也是一個有益身體健康的地方。</p><p>　　唯一，正常：這里有兩個截然不同的要求：無論是重要的身體問題，還是心理的傷害都有渴望有一個正常生活。就像其他正常人一樣，沒有任何特殊待遇。但是其二，需要明顯的特殊住宿來顯著增加生活質(zhì)量。在家里，目標就是要達到一個平衡點：就是輪椅上的夢想之家，但是經(jīng)常呈現(xiàn)出來的狀況只是平淡無奇的生活。</p><p>　　舊的自我，新的自我

11、：康復過程是一個漫長而崎嶇的道路。早期階段是修復傷害，重新建立起所失去的東西。隨著時間的過去，傷員們唯一的目的就是促使自己自我完善和自我改造。人類的美就是表現(xiàn)在遭受巨大損失的同時也能激發(fā)獲得巨大的收益。這需要那個建筑可以給人以鼓舞其恢復，不管是在哪或者不管要花多少時間。</p><p>　　特定正常的居住空間里，私人小角落里可見與不可見得安全性</p><p>　　今天揭示的傷員之家模型是

12、一種創(chuàng)新的、靈活的, 能夠滿足不僅僅是殘疾退伍軍人的需要，而是廣泛的面臨身體障礙的人們?？死宋飿I(yè)和建筑師邁克爾·格雷夫斯建好了第一個家----格雷夫斯將他自己的見解帶到了這個項目中。格雷夫斯曾經(jīng)下半身癱瘓，致使他必須坐上輪椅近十年，通過他的這個經(jīng)歷，他獲得了更重要的經(jīng)驗，不管是不是有移動困難的人他們怎么生活，怎么工作。我們很高興看到格雷夫斯從IDEO調(diào)查中獲得的概念來建筑了這個敬愛，以及這個建筑今天在貝爾沃堡收到關注。<

13、;/p><p>　　Core77有這個機會同IDEO的設計師阿爾泰·森迪爾和這個傷員之家工程的領導坐在一起，從這個獨特的項目中學習更多的過程和經(jīng)驗。</p><p>　　Core77：什么是“傷員之家”的這個項目，它是怎么發(fā)生的？</p><p>　　阿爾泰·森迪爾：傷員之家的項目是一個在軍事基地里的一個新型的容易接觸的房屋。在克拉克物業(yè)的領導下，以

14、及在邁克爾·格雷夫斯的組織下，我們設計的家是為了現(xiàn)役的服務人員在受傷后重新回到現(xiàn)役任務。這將會充當未來家庭模型，在今天就曝光出來。</p><p>　　這個項目是全國性挑戰(zhàn)的結果：美國的服役人員在戰(zhàn)場上受傷后必須找到變通方法去適應他們回家后的生活。這些傷員們有多種多樣的不管圣體上的或者心理上的需求，是不能在生活環(huán)境里處理的，即使他們遵從美國人殘障法?？死斯鞠胫匦驴紤]可接觸家和設計，不僅僅是符合傳統(tǒng)的

15、可觸及的規(guī)范，這樣才能更好的支持傷員之家的進展需要，他們請IDEO來幫組他們做更深入的設計，然后幫助不管是不是殘障人士都可以居住的普遍的包容空間。在我們的工作完成后，格雷夫斯就參與和施工隊伍一起完成設計和建造房屋的工作進程中。我們對克拉克的不懈追求印象深刻，他在這個過程中他總是將傷員們和他們的要求擺在第一位。他們是很好的一對組合，致力于以人為本挑戰(zhàn)設計優(yōu)良功能性的，易接觸的，和任何人都渴望的家居環(huán)境。</p><p&

16、gt;　　你從那些殘疾的退伍軍人的生活中發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么，你是怎么設計他們的家來改善他們的生活的呢？</p><p>　　我們打算真正的理解那些平民家庭，以及一直忍受著各種傷害的服役人員他們的經(jīng)歷。這些跨越了身體上，精神上和認知挑戰(zhàn)，包括燒傷、失明或者視覺損傷、單個或者多個截肢、創(chuàng)傷后應激障礙、外傷性腦損傷和失憶。我們自己也沉浸在活膚和治療的過程中，同時也沉浸在找到軍人家庭生活設計的機會的獨特地意義。我們同許多個工業(yè)專

17、家一起工作，包括美國匹茲堡大學的研究人員和從軍隊中受傷的戰(zhàn)士計劃(AW2) 的提倡人。由于大范圍的家庭力學，性格和偏好一直必須住在家里，軍人家庭的生活發(fā)生頻繁的變化，很明顯，我們的設計必須適應大范圍的互動和需要。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)那并不是一個傷員，一個集體或者共同經(jīng)驗。相反，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)者存在著一系列的雙重性?！疽娚厦妗?lt;/p><p>　　很明顯，殘疾有不同的范圍--那么他們的家是怎么顧及訪問性呢？家可以幫助心理恢復嗎，就像

18、身體恢復一樣？</p><p>　　我們旨在設計出不管是否是殘障人士都渴望的住宅。我們鑒定出的這些雙重性的其中一個例子，“里外結合”它描述了將自然和外面的東西結合進來的重要性。這在治療花園，周邊通道，私人陽臺和飄窗中都有反應出來。外界的自然元素扮演者一個積極催化劑的角色，不管是不是針對殘障人士，在家都可以被察覺到，接觸到?？纯赐饷娴氖澜纾w驗外面的世界，隱喻的意義和強大的自主訪問戶外都是我們想要的時刻的空間,使任

19、何潛在的居民。另外的一個二重性”社交隱私”形容的是人們怎么將他們的家看作是避難所,但是也想看到他們的家是怎么通過媒體或者面對面的交流提供與外界接觸的機會。我們通過私人治療空間里的平板顯示器和高分辨率數(shù)碼相機來表達這個房間允許人們從社會切換連接、遠程治療咨詢。另一方面，大的開放的室內(nèi)室外空間可以獲得娛樂的機會。</p><p>　　(上圖)里外結合的二元性顯示在一個院子的時候。(下圖)在一個適應社會隱私的辦公套件。

20、</p><p>　　退伍軍人的人格和在戰(zhàn)場上的經(jīng)歷是怎么影響設計過程?</p><p>　　一個有趣的模式是我們一開始認識到不同的受傷的戰(zhàn)士是一種積極的態(tài)度,動力和決心，它們中的每一個都表現(xiàn)出來。治療是一個長期的、富有挑戰(zhàn)性的道路,早期的階段是關于修復損傷，重新建立失去的,重新校正他們新的標準。傷員們很快朝著自我完善和改造進化。他們理解自己在快節(jié)奏的外界的局限性,那未必滿足他們特別的需要

21、。</p><p>　　適當?shù)募彝ソ巧畹?也不是公開。例如,視力受損的服役人員，指定的不同表面和空間的高度比作為一個隱含的控制實驗法的參考。雖然受傷的戰(zhàn)士很感激額外的支撐,但是他們還是想盡可能的生活的正常,所以他們很快的從”我要怎么幸存”到”我要怎么成長?”決心生活盡可能地正常,所以他們很快適應。多種升降的工作表面,家用電器和細木工家具讓他們的空間更人性化，像廚房里面配置盡可能多的條條框框。</p>

22、;<p>　　退伍軍人們要回到那個不能理解他們的國家了,設計師如何設計的產(chǎn)品和服務,去正向影響退伍軍人的生活呢?</p><p>　　為退役軍人設計所需要的東西是意見很有趣的事,因為他不是政治上的,也不是紅與藍的判斷，也不是關于你是贊成還是反對戰(zhàn)爭。當軍人們分享他們的故事時,我們可以承認他們已經(jīng)付出了什么,我們就能更好地理解他們作為公民,作為家人,作為真正的人的需求。我們可以更加緊密地領會這些共同的

23、尺寸來我們的生活。我們什么時候能結束連接這些類似的目標和愿望,看他們在更大的職權范圍的具體職責(往往是伴隨損失),我們每個人都應該有一種更大的驅動,以創(chuàng)造一個積極的影響。</p><p>　　沒有人想要成為一個負擔,這些男人和女人在設計過程中值得被我們尊重。這不是關于同情和難過,它是共鳴,是使產(chǎn)生積極效果成為可能。如果一個設計師能夠尊重和欣賞他們設計的對象,就會在設計經(jīng)歷中傳達出高尚與正直。人內(nèi)心的同情 “以人為

24、本”的設計使我們都有機會得到好處。</p><p>　　Walt Disney Animation Studios is seeking a Senior Software Engineer, Animation Apps & UI in Burbank, California 原文</p><p>　　Core77 Ultimate Gift Guide 2011 Featur

25、ed Item: Heirloom Seeds </p><p>　　Architecture for Recovery: IDEO and Michael Graves Design a Home for Disabled Military Veterans</p><p>　　Posted by LinYee Yuan | 30 Nov 2011  |&#

26、160; </p><p>　　Flexible kitchen design in the Wounded Warrior home. All images and video courtesy of IDEO</p><p>　　In less than a month, the last American troops stationed in Iraq are set to ret

27、urn home. As the United States prepares to celebrate the close of a painfully fraught era of politics and war, veterans and their families face the beginning of their next great challenge: returning home and acclimating

28、to a peacetime "normalcy." Oftentimes, United States' military men and women carry the physical and emotional wounds of their service home with them, "find[ing] workarounds to cope with their surroundi

29、</p><p>　　The Wounded Warrior project is a collaboration with the Virginia-based real estate firm Clark Realty Capital and supported by a Department of Defense initiative to develop privatized housing for se

30、rvice members. Using IDEO's human-centered design process, the team interviewed and observed 10 civilians and 20 injured soldiers, "meeting with their loved ones, and getting feedback from nearly two dozen exper

31、ts. [IDEO] asked questions that shed light on how active duty service members resume civilia</p><p>　　Through their process, the team quickly realized that there was no one Wounded Warrior, but instead, the

32、ir work would need to accommodate a wide range of interactions and needs of disabled service men and women. IDEO identified seven dualities from their research:</p><p>　　Well-Defined, Undefined Spaces: A hom

33、e is never set in stone. In a household, roles shift, preferences change and most important, physical and mental impairments dictate an evolving set of challenges. This demands a flexible design that allow for both defin

34、ed and undefined space. People wish to be the architect of their own home. Open-ended space gives them square feet to imagine an optimism and future they shape themselves.</p><p>　　Mobile Roots: It's dif

35、ficult to sink down roots when they're yanked up every few years. The constant flux of transient military life places extra demands on a family. People don't want to feel they're just passing through, short t

36、imers, skipping from base to base. They want home to feel like they've finally arrived at their destination. The dynamic of mobility and deep roots often decides a big chunk of happiness.</p><p>　　Inside

37、 Out, Outside In: Poets, explorers, and rehab therapists all know the immense healing powers of nature. It's a tremendous gift for anyone suffering wounds, physical or mental. The outside world or even back patio is

38、a deep-breath metaphor for freedom. Nature is force of nurture. This duality is about bringing the outside experience inside the home—and equally important, making sure the journey outside is short, effortless, and joyfu

39、l.</p><p>　　Visible & Invisible Security: Trauma, post combat stress, reduced mobility—these are issues that make it hard to feel safe and secure. People want the protection of their hidden cocoon but al

40、so a total 360 degree visual awareness of their surroundings. It's about providing security through concealment and reduced exposure—yet also creating security through visibility, instant communication, and control o

41、f their environment. </p><p>　　Social Privacy: Sometimes people view their home as a sanctuary, a retreat, a place of privacy and introspection. Other times, people see their home as a gateway to the outside

42、 world—to social and cultural connections that both determine well-being. A home must be a restful oasis and a place for raucous good times—both equally therapeutic.</p><p>　　Uniquely Normal: Here are two di

43、stinct and contrary requirements: the desire to live a normal life despite significant physical and often mental wounds. Normal in the just like everybody-else sense. No special treatment whatsoever. But second, the obvi

44、ous need for specific accommodations that dramatically improve quality of life. In the home, the goal is to strike that balance: a wheel chair-friendly dream home, but one that appears ordinary, nothing more than plain w

45、onderful normal life.</p><p>　　Old Self, New Self: Healing is a long and winding road. The early stages are about repairing the damage, rebuilding what was lost. Over time, the unique determination of Wounde

46、d Warriors drive them toward self-improvement and transformation. The human beauty is that great loss also inspires tremendous new gain. This calls for an architecture that encourages that recovery, no matter where or ho

47、w far that journey takes them</p><p>　　Visible and Invisible Security in private nooks in a Uniquely Normal Living Room.</p><p>　　Today's unveiling of the Wounded Warrior model home represen

48、ts an innovative and flexible approach to addressing the needs of not only disabled military veterans, but a wide-ranging group of people facing physical disabilities. Clark Realty partnered with architect Michael Graves

49、 to build the first homes—Graves brought his personal insights to the project. Graves has suffered from lower-body paralysis that has confined him to a wheelchair for nearly a decade, and through this experience, he has

50、</p><p>　　Core77 had the opportunity to sit down with Altay Sendil, IDEO designer and project lead for the Wounded Warrior house to learn more about the process and learnings from this unique project:</p&

51、gt;<p>　　Core77: What is the Wounded Warrior Home Project and how did it come about?</p><p>　　Altay Sendil: The Wounded Warrior Home Project is a new model for accessible homes on military bases. Led

52、by Clark Realty Capital, and together with Michael Graves of Michael Graves and Associates, we designed homes for service members returning to active duty after being injured. The first two, which will serve as models fo

53、r future homes, will be unveiled [today], November 30th, at Fort Belvoir, Virginia. </p><p>　　The project is a result of a nationwide challenge: U.S. service members injured in the field must find workaround

54、s and ways to adapt when they return home. These Wounded Warriors have varied physical and psychological needs that aren't always addressed in their living environments, even if they comply with the Americans with Di

55、sabilities Act guidelines. Clark Realty Capital wanted to rethink accessible homes and design beyond these conventional accessibility codes to better support the evolving </p><p>　　We were so impressed with

56、Clark's relentless pursuit to put the Wounded Warrior and their needs first in every step of this process. They were a great match for our human-centered design approach to the challenge of designing homes that are f

57、unctional, accessible, and desirable for anyone. </p><p>　　What were some of the insights you discovered about the lives of disabled veterans and how did you design the homes to improve their lives?We set o

58、ut to truly understand the experiences of civilian families and service members that were living with a variety of injuries. These span physical, emotional and cognitive challenges that include burns, vision loss or impa

59、irment, single or multiple amputations, PTSD, Traumatic Brain Injury, and memory loss. We immersed ourselves in the recovery and the</p><p>　　Because of the wide array of family dynamics, personalities and p

60、references amongst families that would be living in the homes, and the frequent turnover of military family life deployment, it became evident that what we designed would have to accommodate a wide range of interactions

61、and needs. We discovered there is no one Wounded Warrior; no one collective or common experience. Instead, we found that there exists a series of dualities. [See above]</p><p>　　There is definitely a diverse

62、 range of disabilities—how do the homes allow for universal accessibility? Do the homes help with psychology recovery as well as physical?</p><p>　　We aimed to design homes that would be desirable for anyone

63、, physically disabled or not. A great example of this is in one of the dualities we identified, "Inside Out, Outside In." It describes the important roll of nature and the outdoors in the therapy process. This

64、is reflected in the therapy gardens, the perimeter walkways, private terraces and prominent windows throughout. The natural outdoor elements that act as positive catalysts regardless of whether one is disabled or not, ca

65、n be percei</p><p>　　Another duality, "Social Privacy" describes how people view their home as a sanctuary, but also want to see their space as a place that provides opportunities to interact with

66、the outside world via media and face-to-face conversations. We expressed this through private therapy rooms with flat panel displays and hi-res digital cameras that allow people to toggle from social connections, remote

67、therapy consultations, or sealed-off moments of privacy and reflection. On the other hand, large open in</p><p>　　(above) Inside Out, Outside In duality as displayed in a patio mockup. (below) Social Privacy

68、 in an adaptable office suite.</p><p>　　How did the veterans' personalities and their experiences at war influence the design process?</p><p>　　One of the interesting patterns we started to

69、recognize across different Wounded Warriors was the positivity, drive and determination that each of them embodied. Healing is a long and challenging road, and the early stages are about repairing the damage, rebuilding

70、what was lost and recalibrating their new normal. Wounded Warriors evolve beyond this space quickly toward self-improvement and transformation. They understand their new limitations in the larger context of the fast-pace

71、d world outsid</p><p>　　The appropriate role of the home as a supportive environment should be subtle, and not overt. For example, for vision-impaired service members, the high-contrast designating different

72、 surfaces and spaces become an implicit way-finding reference. Though wounded warriors may appreciate the extra support, they are determined to live as normal a life as possible, so they quickly adapt from, "how do

73、I survive," to "how do I thrive?" Their desire for their home to aesthetically "fit" the rest of their</p><p>　　Many veterans are coming home to a nation they don't recognize and

74、 one that doesn't understand them. How can designers design products and services that have a positive impact on the lives of veterans?</p><p>　　An interesting thing about designing for the needs of vete

75、rans is that it's not political—it's not a red vs. blue judgment, it's not about whether you're for or against war. When service members share their stories, and we can acknowledge what they've given,

76、 we can better understand their needs as citizens, as families and as real people. We can more closely empathize with these shared dimensions to our lives. When we can connect over these similar goals and aspirations, an

77、d see them in the larg</p><p>　　No one wants to be a burden or an afterthought, and these men and women deserve to be considered in the experiences we design. It's not about sympathy and feeling sorry, i

78、t's about empathy and wanting to enable a positive difference. If a designer can respect and appreciate whom they are designing for, there will be an intentional level of dignity and integrity that is delivered in a