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1、<p>　　本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)外文</p><p><b>　　文獻(xiàn)翻譯</b></p><p>　　學(xué) 院： </p><p>　　專 業(yè)： 機(jī)械工程及自動化（專轉(zhuǎn)本） </p><p>　　姓 名：

2、 </p><p>　　學(xué) 號： </p><p>　　外文出處 ：1. International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics November 5~7，2007，Wuxi，China</p><

3、;p>　　附 件： 1.外文資料翻譯譯文；2.外文原文。</p><p>　　一種新型液壓千斤頂?shù)难芯?lt;/p><p>　　Aiwu HU,Zhihong FU,Xuangzhe HU</p><p>　　1 College of Mechanical and Electric Engineering,Center South University,C

4、hangsha,410083,China</p><p>　　2Hunan University of Technology,Zhuzhou,412008,China</p><p>　　E-mail:aiwuhu@gmail.com</p><p>　　摘要：傳統(tǒng)千斤頂?shù)闹饕秉c(diǎn)是速度低夾緊力大或者是速度高夾緊力小。本文將介紹一種新型液壓千斤頂。在這種千斤頂中，第

5、一時間做出大小油缸和大小楔塊。大小油缸可以同時工作并返回原點(diǎn)，所以可以根據(jù)載荷大小自動地改變速度，且容易操作。這種新型液壓千斤頂?shù)墓ぷ髟砜梢詰?yīng)用到其它方面，例如，臺虎鉗有幾種不同的功能。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：液壓千斤頂；力；速度</p><p><b>　　引言</b></p><p>　　傳統(tǒng)的液壓千斤頂在工作行程和工作回程具有相同

6、的速度。千斤頂承受的載荷越大速度越低，反之，速度越快其所承受的載荷越小。大多數(shù)千斤頂無法區(qū)分無載荷或者重載荷的情況，所以對于液壓千斤頂，如果承受載荷大，其速度將變慢，反之，如果速度快，其所承受的載荷就小。于千斤頂從原始位置移動到工作位置需要相當(dāng)長的時間，所以，傳統(tǒng)液壓千斤頂?shù)墓ぷ餍氏喈?dāng)?shù)停速M(fèi)能源，浪費(fèi)時間，而且工作范圍狹隘。因此，傳統(tǒng)千斤頂在速度與載荷之間存在沖突。</p><p>　　為了解決這種沖突，許多

7、人做了很多關(guān)于新型千斤頂?shù)难芯浚已兄瞥隽嗽S多新型千斤頂。典型機(jī)械千斤頂具有快慢速螺旋傳動裝置的特點(diǎn)，其可以通過齒輪嚙合或者分離螺母和螺栓來提供雙倍速度。典型液壓千斤頂特點(diǎn)是為一種千斤頂和多速千斤頂提供多速調(diào)整方法，通過在進(jìn)油缸和出油缸之間提供幾種液壓油路來改變速度。該原理能夠保證一個千斤頂具有幾種速度，其可以根據(jù)負(fù)載的大小自動調(diào)節(jié)，并且具有相對高的工作效率。但是實際上使用并沒有達(dá)到預(yù)期的效果，原因是存在太多的油泵，和極大增加阻力的油

8、缸。</p><p>　　為了解決傳統(tǒng)手動千斤頂在載荷和速度之間的沖突，我們發(fā)明了一種新型手動液壓千斤頂，其專利為液壓交換裝置。</p><p><b>　　設(shè)計新型液壓千斤頂</b></p><p>　　新型液壓千斤頂?shù)脑O(shè)計理念</p><p>　　為了達(dá)到輕便、功能強(qiáng)大、多速和可靠的目的，我們既不使用傳統(tǒng)千斤頂只有一

9、個油缸和一個油泵的設(shè)計理念，也不參考在進(jìn)油缸和出油缸之間有幾種液壓調(diào)速的設(shè)計理念。</p><p>　　進(jìn)過調(diào)查，我們決定采用一個大油泵、一個小油泵、一個小油缸和一個大油缸的結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)在大小油泵系統(tǒng)和大小油缸系統(tǒng)有優(yōu)勢。下面為主要思路描述：增加一個受約束的大油泵和小油泵，即在油缸進(jìn)油路連接一個輕載荷油路；增加一個受約束的小油泵和大油泵，順序閥代替溢流閥。因此，我們可以通過調(diào)節(jié)手柄上的的力和速度，使無級調(diào)速在一

10、個小范圍內(nèi)，同時我們也可以通過切換控制閥和匹配大小油缸的方法在大范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行無級調(diào)速。</p><p><b>　　液壓系統(tǒng)原理圖設(shè)計</b></p><p>　　對于大量的研究和改進(jìn)，我們制定了新型液壓千斤頂?shù)囊簤涸硐到y(tǒng)圖，如同1所示。在新型千斤頂中，有控制手柄1和9，小油泵2，單向閥3、7、10，小油缸4，大油缸5，順序閥6，大油泵8和進(jìn)油管道和回油管線等。<

11、;/p><p>　　圖1還顯示出，大油缸8的單向閥7也是小油缸進(jìn)油輸入路線，小油缸2的單向閥3也是缸體4進(jìn)油線路，大油缸5也是郵箱。因此，我們通過連接所有管道制成雙油泵雙油缸系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　大油泵吸油與油缸排油同步。當(dāng)千斤頂需要回到原來的位置，油缸停止工作，同時工件的重力和活塞迫使油缸開始放油，排出的油通過雙向閥返回到油泵中。這個過程稱為油泵的吸排油。</p><

12、;p>　　圖1新型液壓千斤頂液壓系統(tǒng)原理圖</p><p>　　通過移動手柄，在大油泵的油被排到油缸，向上推動，這個過程稱為大油泵排油。</p><p><b>　　千斤頂速度分析</b></p><p>　　我們可以根據(jù)負(fù)載的大小分析這種新型千斤頂?shù)乃俣取?lt;/p><p>　　在無負(fù)載情況下的速度：在這種情況下，

13、順序閥關(guān)閉，大油泵推動油液到小油缸，小油缸推動大油缸的活塞，其以最高速度到達(dá)工件。</p><p>　　在小負(fù)載情況下的速度：在活塞接觸工件后，順序閥微微打開，小油泵推小油缸向上，同時大油泵推動油缸向上，因此千斤頂承受的載荷小。</p><p>　　在中等負(fù)載情況下的速度：在這個情況下，順序閥部分打開，更多的油進(jìn)入大油缸，推桿上的力也開始增大，千斤頂上的力強(qiáng)制使油泵停止工作，脫扣器推遲動作

14、，因此手柄僅驅(qū)動小油泵，小油泵推高，壓力油進(jìn)入小油缸，迫使活塞以中等速度移動。</p><p>　　在重載情況下的速度：在這種情況下，順序閥完全打開，小油泵泵入高壓油，其直接進(jìn)入大油缸和小油缸，活塞以最低速度中載荷移動。</p><p><b>　　結(jié)構(gòu)圖例</b></p><p>　　這種新型千斤頂結(jié)構(gòu)圖例如圖2所示，其外觀如圖3所示。圖2顯

15、示，大油泵與基座14和郵箱的蓋8復(fù)合，大油缸與缸體15和大活塞5復(fù)合， 小油缸與被置于在基座中間和小活塞4-1之間的管道4復(fù)合，腳踏叉9附連到大油泵，控制手柄1安裝到小油泵，基座14和頂梁13與導(dǎo)柱11連接，可移動臂12能通過導(dǎo)柱11在大小油缸間移動。</p><p>　　在無載荷情況下，可以踏動腳踏叉9,大油泵將泵入液壓油到泄油閥10、3、7中，然后油液進(jìn)入大小油缸，以高速瞬間推動活塞到達(dá)工件處。在輕載荷情況下

16、，可以踏動腳踏叉9，大油泵將以更高的壓力泵入油液，部分油液通過排油閥10進(jìn)入大油泵，驅(qū)動大油缸，與此同時，其它油液通過排油閥7進(jìn)入小油泵2，所以小油泵中的油液比大油泵中油液的有更高的壓力，這些油液通過推動梁快速起來的排油閥3驅(qū)動大小油缸。在重載情況下，大油泵中的油液壓力升高，然后油液進(jìn)入小油泵，油液的壓力通過小油泵再次升高，然后油液進(jìn)入大小油缸，大小油缸一起推動工件，其承載能力是大小油缸的總和。當(dāng)油缸要返回時，可以轉(zhuǎn)動順序閥6-3的手柄

17、來松開順序閥6-1和回油閥6-2，提高腳踏叉9來確保大油泵完全打開順序閥的兩個孔，工件和活塞的重力驅(qū)動大小油缸回到原來位置。</p><p><b>　　圖3樣品千斤頂外觀</b></p><p>　　這種新型液壓千斤頂已經(jīng)解決了結(jié)構(gòu)和操作的問題，其創(chuàng)新如下：(1)內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生液壓聯(lián)動：大油泵輸油管線與大小油缸的回油管線直接連接，順序閥不僅僅是大油缸和大油泵的進(jìn)油閥，也是

18、小油缸和大油缸的回油閥，卸油管道也是進(jìn)油管道，大油泵的排油閥也是小油泵的進(jìn)油閥，也就是說閥有多種功能。（2）它使大小油泵和大小油缸的變速系統(tǒng)高度集成。（3）封閉循環(huán)是相當(dāng)?shù)母咝Ш涂煽浚河鸵哼M(jìn)入油缸沒有任何其它中間部分，所以這種千斤頂摩擦阻力小、很少的能量損失和靈活的運(yùn)動。（4）該結(jié)構(gòu)簡單：系統(tǒng)簡潔、管線短、損耗小和零件數(shù)目少。</p><p>　　我們已將傳統(tǒng)千斤頂與我們的樣品千斤頂相比較。新型千斤頂和傳統(tǒng)千斤頂

19、都具有12000公斤的起重能力。假設(shè)千斤頂手柄在工作行程中的移動速度是0.5m/s，傳統(tǒng)千斤頂具有大約5mm/s的速度。但是這種新型樣品千斤頂?shù)乃俣饶軌蛟?.05—4260mm/s間改變。在回程過程中，僅僅需要轉(zhuǎn)動順序閥的手柄，該千斤頂能以高速返回到原來的位置，但是對于傳統(tǒng)千斤頂，只有推動油缸的活塞才能回到原來的位置。</p><p><b>　　結(jié)束語</b></p><

20、;p>　　這種新型手動多速千斤頂最初使用封閉循環(huán)系統(tǒng)，其有一內(nèi)部過程液壓聯(lián)動和使用大油泵作為油箱，它可以通過順序閥導(dǎo)向自返回油液而自動改變速度。這種速度幾乎沒有壓力損失、機(jī)械損失、機(jī)械損失、容積效率損失和能量損失。這種新型千斤頂巧妙的解決速度和力的問題，其設(shè)計理論也用于其它類型的手工工具，比如虎鉗等。</p><p><b>　　參考文獻(xiàn)</b></p><p>

21、;　　[1] AIWU.HU.Research and development new type of manual instrument based on coordination with strength and speed. Master Thesis.Central South University，Changsha，</p><p>　　Hunan,2007.</p><p>

22、　　[2] AIWU HU,AILUN WANG..The innovation design for clamp according to unification of </p><p>　　force and speed.Development & innovation of machinery and electrical production.2006， </p>&l

23、t;p>　　Number2;21-22.26.</p><p>　　[3] CHAOLAI FAN.A screw driving setup having a rapid and slow speed. China Patent，</p><p>　　CN1094348,1994.</p><p>　　[4] QUN FAN. Multi-speed adj

24、ustment methods for a type of jack and a multi-speed jack.China Patent, CN1408635,2001.</p><p>　　[5] XUANZHE HU. Transaction device of hydraulic pressure.China Patent,CN2309453,1999. </p><p>　　R

25、esearch of A New Type of Hydraulic Jack</p><p>　　Aiwu HU,Zhihong FU,Xuangzhe HU</p><p>　　1 College of Mechanical and Electric Engineering,Center South University,Changsha,410083,China</p>

26、<p>　　2Hunan University of Technology,Zhuzhou,412008,China</p><p>　　E-mail:aiwuhu@gmail.com </p><p>　　Abstract：The main disadvantage of traditional manual hydraulic jack is that it has a s

27、low speed with a big clamping force or a rapid speed with a small clamping force．A new type of hydraulic jack is introduced in this paper．In this type of jack，a big bump，a small bump，a big oil cylinder and a small oil cy

28、linder are made together in a part in the first time．the big cylinder and small cylinder can work and returns to the original position synchronously，so it can change speed automatically accordin</p><p>　　Key

29、 words：Hydraulic Jack；Force；Speed</p><p>　　1 Introduction</p><p>　　Traditional hydraulic jack has the same speed both in working stroke and return stroke. The larger load which the jack bears，th

30、e slower speed it has，vice versa, the quicker speed it has．the small load it bears. Most jacks cannot distinguish the working condition without load or with heavy load，so for hydraulic jack，if it has a large carrying cap

31、acity it will has a slower speed， contrarily．if it has a faster speed it will has a small carrying capacity．It needs much time for a jack to move from th</p><p>　　In order to eliminate this confliction，many

32、people have done a lot of researches on inventing new types of jacks，many new type of jacks have been invented．The typical mechanical jack is the patent“a screw driving setup having a rapid speed and slow speed”，which ca

33、n move at double speeds by gearing the joggling or separating the half-nuts and screw．The typical hydraulic jack is the patent“multi—speed adjustment methods for a type of jack and a multi—speed jack”，it provides a metho

34、d to adjusting s</p><p>　　In order to resolve the confliction between force and speed of traditional manual jacks，we invent a new type of manual hydraulic jacks that is patented as“transaction device of hydr

35、aulic pressure”.</p><p>　　2 Design of new type hydraulic jack</p><p>　　2.1 Design idea for the new type hydraulic jack</p><p>　　In order to get the aims of handiness，powerful， multi

36、-speed and reliable，we can use neither the design idea of traditional jack which has only a oil cylinder and a oil pump，nor the design idea of reference which has several hydraulic speed adjustment routes between oil-inp

37、ut cylinder and oil-output cylinder．After investigation，we decide to adopt the structure that has a big oil pump，a small oil pump，a big oil cylinder and a small oil cylinder, this structure have the advantages of both bi

38、g-and-s</p><p>　　2.2 Design of hydraulic system schematic diagram</p><p>　　For much research and improvement，we draw up the hydraulic system schematic diagram of our new type hydraulic jack as s

39、hown in Fig．1．In the new jack，there are control handle l and 9．small oil pump 2,cone-way valve 3，7，10，small oil cylinder 4，big oil cylinder 5, sequence valve 6，big oil pump 8 and oil-enter pipeline and oil-return pipelin

40、e etc．</p><p>　　Fig.1 also illustrates that the oil drain valve 7 of the big pump 8 is also the oil-input of the small pump 2，the oil drain valve 3 of the small pump 2 is also the oil-input of the small cyli

41、nder 4,the big oil pump 5 is also the oil tank．So we make a double-pump and double-cylinder system by connecting all the components with pipelines．</p><p>　　The oil sucking of the big pump is synchronous wit

42、h the oil draining of the oil cylinder．When the jack needs to return to the original position，the oil cylinder stops working，meanwhile the gravity of the workpiece and the piston forces the oil tank begin to drain oil，th

43、e drained oil return to the big oil pump by a two-way valve．This process is called the oil sucking of the big pump．</p><p>　　Figure 1 Hydraulic system schematic diagram of new type hydraulic jack</p>

44、<p>　　By moving the handle，the oil in the big pump is being drained to the oil cylinder and pushes the piston upward，this process is called the oil draining of the big pump.</p><p>　　2.3 Speed analysis

45、of the jack</p><p>　　We can analyze the speed of this new type jack according the magnitude of load．</p><p>　　Speed in the situation without load：in this situation,the sequence valve is closed,

46、the big oil pump pushes oil into the small oil cylinder．the small cylinder pushes the big cylinder’s piston to access the workpiece at the highest speed until the piston touches the workpiece．</p><p>　　Speed

47、 in the situation of small load：after the piston touches the workpiece，the sequence valve is opened slightly，the small pump pushes the small cylinder upward while the big pump pushes the big cylinder upward，so the jack c

48、an afford a small load．</p><p>　　Speed in the situation of medium load：in this situation，the sequence valve is opened partially，more oil is pushed into the big cylinder, and the force of the jack is increase

49、d also，the load which the jack born enforces the big pump stop working，and the tripper is put off, so the handle only drives the small oil pump and the small oil pump pushes the high．pressure oil into the small cylinder,

50、 forces the piston move at a medium speed．</p><p>　　Speed in the situation of heavy load：in this situation, the sequence valve is opened fully, the small pump pumps high-pressure oil that enter the big cylin

51、der and small cylinder directly，the piston moves at the lowest speed and born a heavy load．</p><p>　　3 Structure example</p><p>　　A structure example of this new type 1ack is shown in Fig.2，the

52、 appearance of sample jack is shown in Fig.3．Fig.2 shows that the big oil pump is composted with the big column space of the base 14 and the movable cover 8 of the oil tank, the big oil cylinder is composted with the bas

53、e cylinder body 15 and the big piston 5, the small oil cylinder is composed with the pipe 4 which is set up in the middle of the base hermetically and a small piston 4-1，the treadons fork 9 is attached to the big oil <

54、;/p><p>　　In the situation without 1pad．one can pedal the treadons fork 9,the big pump will pump the oil into the drain valve 10，3,and 7．then the oil enters into the big cylinder and small cylinder, pushes the

55、piston move to accessing the workpiece at a high speed instantly．In the situation of light-load，one can pedal the treadons fork 9， the big pump pumps the oil at a higher pressure，some oil enters into the big oil pump thr

56、ough the drain valve 10,drives the big cylinder．meanwhile．the other oil enters i</p><p>　　Figure 2 A structure example of new type hydraulic jack</p><p>　　small cylinder and the big cylinder thr

57、ough the drain valve 3 which push the movable beam 12 at a rapid speed together．In the situation of heavy-load, the oil pressure is elevated with the big pump，after the oil enters into the small pump， the oil pressure is

58、 elevated by the small pump once more, then the oil enters into both the big cylinder and small cylinder, both the big cylinder and the small cylinder move the workpiece together, the carrying capacity is the sum of the

59、small cylinder and th</p><p>　　Figure 3 Appearance of sample jack</p><p>　　This new type of hydraulic jack have solved both the structure problem and operation problem, the innovation is embodie

60、d below :(1)Internal procedure hydraulic pressure linkage: the oil-input pipeline of big pump is linked directly with the oil-return pipeline of both the big cylinder and the small cylinder, the sequence value is not onl

61、y the oil-input valve of the big cylinder and big pump, also the returning valve of the small cylinder and the big cylinder, the oil-leave pipeline is also the o</p><p>　　We have compared our sample jack wit

62、h a traditional jack. The new jack and the traditional jack both have the same lifting capacity of 12,000kg.Supposing the moving speed of jack’s handle is 0.5m/s in working stroke, the traditional jack has a constant spe

63、ed of about 5mm/s, but this new the sample jack’s speed can automatically change between 1.05--4260mm/s. In the return stroke, the sample jack can return to the original position automatically at a high speed(the only th

64、ing needed is turning th</p><p>　　4 Concluding remarks</p><p>　　This new type of manual multi-speed hydraulic jack originally use a closed-cycle system which has a internal procedure hydraulic p

65、ressure linkage and use the big pump as the oil tank, it can automatically change speed by self-returning oil flowing direction of the sequence valve. This kind of speed-change has no hydraulic loss, mechanic loss, volum

66、etric efficiency loss and energy loss. This new type of jack ingeniously solved the condition between speed and force, the design theory can also be u</p><p>　　References</p><p>　　[1] AIWU.HU. R

67、esearch and development new type of manual instrument based on coordination with strength and speed. Master Thesis. Central South </p><p>　　University,Changsha,Hunan,2007.</p><p>　　[2] AIWU HU,A

68、ILUN WANG..The innovation design for clamp according to unification of force and speed. Development & innovation of machinery and electrical </p><p>　　production.2006,Number2;21-22.26.</p>&l

69、t;p>　　[3] CHAOLAI FAN.A screw driving setup having a rapid and slow speed. China Patent,CN1094348,1994.</p><p>　　[4] QUN FAN. Multi-speed adjustment methods for a type of jack and a multi-speed jack. Chin

70、a Patent, CN1408635,2001.</p><p>　　[5] XUANZHE HU. Transaction device of hydraulic pressure. China Patent,CN2309453,1999.</p><p><b>　　指導(dǎo)教師評語：</b></p><p>　　簽名：