多變量分析經(jīng)驗(yàn)和培訓(xùn)的影響在無領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組討論中的作用【外文翻譯】_第1頁
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1、外文翻譯AMULTIVARIATEANALYSISOFTHEEFFECTSOFEXPERIENCETRAININGUPONPERFMANCEINALEADERLESSGROUPDISCUSSIONMaterialSource:AbhigyanAuth:NanShefaliALTHOUGHsomeevidencehasbeenmusteredtosupptthereliability(Bass1954GreenwoodMcNamara19

2、67Bray1964BrayGrant1966)validity(Bass1954WollowickMcNamara1969BrayGrant1966)oftheLeaderlessGroupDiscussion(LGD)thereisoneweaknessofthetechniquethatmustbeconsidered.ThatisthereissomequestionthataSsLGDperfmancemaybeafuncti

3、onofseveralvariableswhichareindependentoftheSsleadershipability.OnesuchvariableisthesizeoftheLGDgroup.BassNton(1951)examinedLGDgroupsvaryinginsizefrom2to12found83percentofthevarianceamongtheSscouldbeaccountedfbythesizeof

4、thegroupinwhichtheSsparticipated.InthissamestudyinterraterreliabilityreachedamaximumwithLGDgroupsofsixSstendedtobecomelowerasgroupsizewasalteredineitherdirection.BassKlubeckWurster(1953)havealsofoundarelationshipbetweeng

5、roupsizemeandiscussionratings.Thatistheyreptanegativecrelationof—.37evenwheregroupsizedifferencesweresmall.ThepossibleeffectsofseatingpositionuponLGDperfmancehavealsobeeninvestigated.Steinz(1950)fexamplefoundthatthefarth

6、erawayagivenSwasfromanotherSwhowasspeakingthemelikelywasthefirstStoreactverballywhenthespeakerfinished.ThiswasaninterestingfindinginlightofthefactthatamountofparticipationLGDperfmancehavebeenfoundtobehighlycrelated.65to.

7、86(Bass1949LucasJaffee1969).SubsequentlyBassKlubeck(1952)hypothesizedthatanyparticipantinaLGDwhohadagreatermeansittingdistancefromallotherparticipantswouldreceiveahigherperfmancerating.TotesttheirhypothesisBassKlubeckstu

8、diedtheeffectofseatingarrangementintwogroupswhereSssatinparallelrowsfacingeachotherinfivegroupswhereSssatinVshapedarrangements.TheresultsobtainedfromallsevengroupsindicatedthatSsseatedattheendsoftheseatingarrangementsobt

9、ainedhigheronecannotcramftheLGD.Hesuggeststhatprimingacidatewouldmostlikelyhicaphimbyinhibitinghisspontaneity.FurthersupptftheHarrishypothesishasbeenprovidedbyanunpublishedstudy(PruittBassasreptedinBass1954)inwhichtheEsg

10、avethesamepartdirectivepartpermissivecoachingasKlubeckBass(1952)hadgivenearlierbutthegroupsreceivingtrainingwerecoachedasgroupspritoundergoingtheLGD.Theresultsindicatedthatthetrainedgroupsshowedsignificantlylessinitiatio

11、nbehavionlyhalfasmuchconsiderationbehaviastheuntrainedgroups.“Raterscommentedonthefreezingupincreasednervousnesstensionswhichacterizedthetrainedgroups“(Bass1954p.470)—anobservationwhichwouldappeartosuppttheHarrishypothes

12、is.Unftunatelyverylittledatawereprovidedtosuppttheconclusions.Thegroupsmayhavedifferedinleadershippotential(statusprestigeverbalabilityetc.)befethetreatments.AlsotheeffectoftrainingtestingtheSsinthesamegroupmayhavehadani

13、nhibitingeffectsinceeachSwouldbeawareofanyotherSwhoattemptedtoimprovehisperfmanceby“faking“i.e.bymodifyinghisbehaviasafunctionofanyknowledgegainedinthetrainingsessionwithoutacrespondingchangeinability.Evidencethattrainin

14、gcanmakeimmediatemodificationstoleaderbehavihasbeenprovidedbyWexleyJaffee(1970).Inthisstudythe.Bsusedthemethodoftelecoachingtoimprovethehumanrelationsbehaviofsuperviss.Telecoachingemploysawirelessdevicetoprovideinstantfe

15、edbacksubsequentlyinstantreinfcementtotheS.Theexcellentapplicationsofbasiclearningprinciples(feedbackactiveparticipationetc.)maybeonereasonwhythismethodoftraininghasbeensuccessful.HoweverWexleyJaffeewarnthatfurtherresear

16、chisneededtodeterminewhetherthebehavichangesobtainedinthisstudyremainstableextinguishovertime.AdditionalsupptftheeffectoftraininguponleadershipbehavihasbeenprovidedbyFurr(1969).Theresultsofthisstudyindicatedthatleaderswh

17、oobservedanotherleaderplayingagamelistenedtothetelecoachinghereceivedasheplayedmodifiedtheirbehaviaboutasmuchasthosewhoactuallyplayedthegamethemselvesreceivedthecoachingdirectly.Itappearsthatthefindingsconcerningtheeffec

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