【astm標準】e 521 - 96 (2009)e2

1、Designation:E521?96(Reapproved2009)2StardPracticefNeutronRadiationDamageSimulationbygedParticleIrradiation1ThisstardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE521thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearofiginala

2、doptioninthecaseofrevisiontheyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperepsilon()indicatesaneditialchangesincethelastrevisionreapproval.ε1NOTE—EditialcrectionsweremadeinSection14inNovem

3、ber2012.ε2NOTE—Editialcrectionsweremadein13.114.4.1.1inOctober2015.INTRODUCTIONThispracticeisintendedtoprovidethenuclearresearchcommunitywithrecommendedproceduresfthesimulationofneutronradiationdamagebygedparticleirradia

4、tion.Itrecognizesthediversityofenergeticionproducingdevicesthecomplexitiesinexperimentalproceduresthedifficultiesincrelatingtheexperimentalresultswiththoseproducedbyreactneutronirradiation.Suchresultsmaybeusedtoestimated

5、ensitychangesthechangesinmicrostructurethatwouldbecausedbyneutronirradiation.Theinfmationcanalsobeusefulinelucidatingfundamentalmechanismsofradiationdamageinreactmaterials.1.Scope1.1Thispracticeprovidesguidanceonperfming

6、gedparticleirradiationsofmetalsalloys.Itisgenerallyconfinedtostudiesofmicrostructuralmicrochemicalchangescarriedoutwithionsoflowperatingpowerthatcometorestinthespecimen.Densitychangescanbemeasureddirectlychangesinotherpr

7、opertiescanbeinferred.Thisinfmationcanbeusedtoestimatesimilarchangesthatwouldresultfromneutronirradiation.Megenerallythisinfmationisofvalueindeducingthefundamentalmechanismsofradiationdamagefawiderangeofmaterialsirradiat

8、ionconditions.1.2Thewdsimulationisusedhereinabroadsensetoimplyanapproximationoftherelevantneutronirradiationenvironment.Thedegreeofconfmitycanrangefrompotonearlyexact.Theintentistoproduceacrespondencebetweenonemeaspectso

9、ftheneutrongedparticleirradiationssuchthatfundamentalrelationshipsareestablishedbetweenirradiationmaterialparametersthematerialresponse.1.3Thepracticeappearsasfollows:SectionApparatus4SpecimenPreparation5–10IrradiationTe

10、chniques(includingHeliumInjection)11–12DamageCalculations13PostirradiationExamination14–16ReptingofResults17CrelationInterpretation18–221.4ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasstard.Nootherunitsofmeasurementareinclud

11、edinthisstard.1.5Thisstarddoesnotpurpttoaddressallofthesafetyconcernsifanyassociatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstardtoestablishappropriatesafetyhealthpracticesdeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatylimita

12、tionspritouse.2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStards:2C859TerminologyRelatingtoNuclearMaterialsE170TerminologyRelatingtoRadiationMeasurementsDosimetryE821PracticefMeasurementofMechanicalPropertiesDuringgedParticleIrradiation

13、E910TestMethodfApplicationAnalysisofHeliumAccumulationFluenceMonitsfReactVesselSurveillanceE706(IIIC)1ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE10onNuclearTechnologyApplicationsisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommi

14、tteeE10.08onProceduresfNeutronRadiationDamageSimulation.CurrenteditionapprovedAug.12009.PublishedSeptember2009.iginallyapprovedin1976.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2003asE521–96(2003)ε1.DOI:10.1520E052196R09E02.2Freferenc

15、edASTMstardsvisittheASTMwebsitewww.astm.gcontactASTMCustomerServiceat.FAnnualBookofASTMStardsvolumeinfmationrefertothestard’sDocumentSummarypageontheASTMwebsite.Copyright?ASTMInternational100BarrHarbDrivePOBoxC700WestCon

16、shohockenPA194282959.UnitedStates17.2Theenvironmentofthespecimenduringheattreatmentshouldberepted.Thisincludesdeionofcontainermeasureofvacuumpresenceofgases(flowingsteady)thepresenceofimpurityabsberssuchasmetalsponge.Any

17、discolationofspecimensfollowinganannealshouldberepted.7.3HightemperatureannealingofmetalsalloysfromGroupsIVVVIfrequentlyresultsinchangesbothpositivenegativeintheirinterstitialimpuritycontent.Sincetheimpuritycontentmayhav

18、easignificantinfluenceonvoidfmationananalysisofthespecimenofacompanionpiecepritoirradiationshouldbeperfmed.Othersituationssuchasivevapizationofalloyconstituentsduringannealingwouldalsorequireafinalanalysis.7.4Theneedfcar

19、ewithregardtoalterationsincompositionismagnifiedbythenatureofthespecimens.Theyareusuallyverythinwithahighexposedsurfacetovolumeratio.Infmationisobtainedfromregionswhosedistancefromthesurfacemaybesmallrelativetoatomicdiff

20、usiondistances.8.PlasticDefmationofSpecimen8.1Whenplasticdefmationisavariableinradiationdamagecaremustbetakeninthegeometricalmeasurementsusedtocomputethedegreeofdefmation.Thevariationsindimensionsofthelargerpiecefromwhic

21、hspecimensarecutshouldbemeasuredreptedtosuchaprecisionthatastarddeviationinthedegreeofplasticdefmationcanbeassignedtothespecimens.Ameasuringdevicemeaccurateprecisethanthecommonhmicrometerwillprobablybenecessaryduetotheth

22、innessofspecimenscommonlyirradiated.8.2Thetermcoldwkedshouldnotstaloneasadeionofstateofdefmation.Everyefftshouldbemadetoacterizecompletelythedefmation.Theparameterswhichshouldbestatedare:(1)defmationprocess(fexamplesimpl

23、etensioncompressionswagingrollingrollingwithappliedtension)(2)totalextentofdefmationexpressedintermsoftheprincipalthogonalnaturalstraincomponents(ε1ε2ε3)thegeometricshapechangesthatwillallowthereadertocomputethestrains(3

24、)procedureusedtoreachthetotalstrainlevel(fexamplenumberofrollingpassesreductionsineach)(4)strainrate(5)defmationtemperatureincludinganestimateoftemperaturechangescausedbyadiabaticwk.8.2.1Manycommonlyuseddefmationprocesse

25、s(fexamplerollingswaging)tendtobenonhomogeneous.Insuchcasesthestrainfeachpasscanbebeststatedbythedimensionsintheprincipalwkingdirectionsbefeaftereachpass.Thestrainratecanthenbespecifiedsufficientlybystatingthedefmationti

26、meofeachpass.9.PreirradiationMetallographyofSpecimen9.1Ageneralexaminationbylightmicroscopytransmissionelectronmicroscopyshouldbeperfmedonthespecimenintheconditioninwhichitwillbeirradiated.Insomecasesthismeansthattheexam

27、inationshouldbedoneonspecimensthatweremountedfirradiationthenunmountedwithoutbeingirradiated.Themicrostructureshouldbedescribedintermsofgrainsizephasesprecipitatesdislocationsinclusions.9.2Asectionofarepresentativespecim

28、encutparalleltotheparticlebeamshouldbeexaminedbylightmicroscopy.Attentionshouldbedevotedtothemicrostructurewithinadistancefromtheincidentsurfaceequaltotherangeoftheparticleaswellastotheflatnessofthesurface.10.SurfaceCond

29、itionofSpecimen10.1Thesurfaceofthespecimenshouldbecleanflat.Detailsofitspreparationshouldberepted.Electropolishingofmetallicspecimensisaconvenientwayofachievingtheseobjectivesinasingleoperation.Thepossibilitythathydrogen

30、isabsbedbythespecimenduringelectropolishingshouldbeinvestigatedbyanalysesofpolishednonpolishedspecimens.Deviationsinthesurfacefmtheperfectplanarconditionshouldnotexceedindimensionperpendiculartotheplane10%oftheexpectedpa

31、rticlerangeinthespecimen.10.2Thespecimenmaybeirradiatedinamechanicallypolishedconditionprovideddamageproducedbypolishingdoesnotextendintotheregionofpostirradiationexamination.11.DimensionofSpecimenParalleltoParticleBeam1

32、1.1Specimenswithoutsupptshouldbethickenoughtoresistdefmationduringhling.Ifadiskhavingadiameterof3mmisuseditsthicknessshouldbegreaterthan0.1mm.11.2Supptedspecimensmaybeconsiderablythinnerthanunsupptedspecimens.Theminimumt

33、hicknessshouldbeatleastfourfoldgreaterthanthedistancebelowanysurfacefromwhichsignificantamountsofradiationproduceddefectscouldescape.Thisdistancecansometimesbeobservedasavoidfreezonenearthefreesurfaceofanirradiatedspecim

34、en.12.Helium12.1Injection:12.1.1Alphaparticleirradiationisfrequentlyusedtoinjectheliumintospecimenstosimulatetheproductionofheliumduringneutronirradiationswhereheliumisproducedbytransmutationreactions.Heliuminjectionmayb

35、ecompletedbefeparticleirradiationbegins.Itmayalsoproceedincrementallyduringinterruptionsintheparticleirradiationitmayproceedsimultaneouslywithparticleirradiation.Thelastcaseisthemostdesirableasitgivestheclosestsimulation

36、toneutronirradiation.SometechniquesfintroducingheliumaresetfthinGuideE942.12.1.2Theinfluenceofimplantationtemperatureonheliumdistribution(thatisdispersedatomisticallyinsmallclustersinbubblesetc.)isknowntobeimptant.Thecon

37、sequencesofthechoiceofinjectiontemperatureonthesimulationshouldbeevaluatedrepted.12.2AnalysisDistribution:12.2.1Analysisoftheconcentrationofheliuminjectedintothespecimensshouldbeperfmedbymassspectrometry.Usingthistechniq