[雙語(yǔ)翻譯]安全外文翻譯--什么是安全科學(xué)？

1、5700 英文單詞， 英文單詞，2.9 萬(wàn)英文字符，中文 萬(wàn)英文字符，中文 9500 字文獻(xiàn)出處： 文獻(xiàn)出處：Aven T. What is safety science?[J]. Safety Science, 2014, 67(67):15- 20.What is safety science?Terje AvenAbstract This paper addresses the issue of how to understan

2、d safety science as a concept. Several definitions of safety are reviewed and discussed, including the interpretations that safety is the absence of undesirable events and accidents and that safety is the antonym of risk

3、. Reflections are also made on what science means in relation to safety. It is argued that safety science can be viewed as knowledge about safety related issues, and the development of concepts, theories, principles and

4、methods to understand, assess, communicate and manage (in a broad sense) safety. In addition we may speak about science safety as a discipline, covering the totality of relevant educational programmes, journals, papers,

5、researchers, research groups and societies, etc.Keywords: Safety concept; Safety science; Risk perspective; Risk assessment1. IntroductionTo study the concept ‘‘safety science’’ the natural point of departure is the scop

6、e and aims of this journal, Safety Science. We read from the journal’s website:Safety Science serves as an international medium for research in the science and technology of human safety. It extends from safety of people

7、 at work to other spheres, such as transport, leisure and home, as well as every other field of man’s hazardous activities.Safety Science is multidisciplinary. Its contributors and its audience range from psychologists t

8、o chemical engineers. The journal covers the physics and engineering of safety; its social, policy and organisational aspects; the management of risks; the effectiveness of control techniques for safety; standardiz

9、ation, legislation, inspection, insurance, costing aspects, human behaviour and safety and the like.Safety Science will enable academic researchers, engineers and decision makers in companies, government agencies and int

10、ernational bodies, to augment their information level on the latest trends in the field, from policy makers and management scientists to transport engineers.The journal focuses primarily on original research papers acros

11、s its whole scope, but also welcomes state-of-the-art review papers and first hand case histories on accidents and disasters of special significance. The emphasis is on safety risks, as distinct from health risks, but ma

12、y include both (Safety Science, 2012).This text provides some insights about the concept of ‘‘safety science’’, but also leaves open some questions, such as–What is safety? The journal restricts its attention to human sa

13、fety, but the concept of safety may extend beyond this area. What about environmental issues and assets, for example? And security? Many definitions of the safety concept exist, but which ones are suitable in this settin

14、g?– How is safety linked to risk? As we know, the concept of risk can be understood in many ways.– What is science in this context? How is science of safety linked to research about safety? The journal defines a research

15、 paper as ‘‘newly collected or analysed data, experimental or survey results, or a proposed new theory or model supported by analysis and arguments (Safety safety and safe. We avoid the introduction of a double set of de

16、finitions for risk and safety. When the risk assessment describes risk in relation to loss of lives, it assesses the safety at the same time. There could of course in practice be aspects of importance for the safety not

17、captured by the risk assessment (for example psychological factors in relation to some accident events), yet this would not be the result of differences in the concepts but due to simplifications and limitations in the a

18、ssessment. However, this common platform for the risk and safety concept needs to be based on sufficiently broad risk perspectives which give due attention to the uncertainties, as discussed in Aven (2009).The understand

19、ing of safety as absence of accidents, losses etc., represents a completely different way at looking at safety. See Fig. 2. This type of understanding of the safety concept leads to a need for a change in normal nomencla

20、ture. As the events and consequences A and C are unknown when looking at the future, we cannot refer to high or low safety; we have to speak about the probability of the safety being low or high, or the uncertainties abo

21、ut the safety being high or low. We observe that safety is in fact an event with ‘‘no occurrence of undesirable events and consequences’’ or, using the definition of Leveson (1995), ‘‘no accidents occurring’’. Hence safe

22、ty is closely linked to the risk definition by Rosa (1998, 2003):Fig. 1. Illustration of the perspective that if a situation is considered safe, it has acceptable risk, when adopting a ‘‘narrow’’ risk view based on proba

23、bilities and expected values. If a broader risk perspective is adopted, the safe area and the acceptable risk area coincide.Fig. 2. Illustration of the meaning of the definition of safety which is based on absence of acc