2016新編ansi b921-(r) sae美國漸開線花鍵-中文翻譯完整版

1、翻譯：朱曉峰 節(jié)選至《美國機(jī)械工程師手冊》第28版，有錯之處，請指正。SPLINES AND SERRATIONSA splined shaft is one having a series of parallel keys formed integrally with the shaft and mating with corresponding grooves cut in a hub or fitting; this arra

2、ngement is in contrast to a shaft having a series of keys or feathers fitted into slots cut into the shaft. The latter construction weakens the shaft to a considerable degree because of the slots cut into it and conse

3、quently, reduces its torque-transmitting capacity.花鍵軸是一種具有“一系列相互平行的齒、并且齒與軸整體成型”的軸，它與在輪 轂上或者裝配體上開的鍵槽相配合。這種裝置與“在軸上開槽并且與一組銷子或者楔 鍵相配合”的結(jié)構(gòu)相反。后者的結(jié)構(gòu)由于在軸上開槽大大降低了軸（的強(qiáng)度），降低 了傳遞扭矩的能力。Splined shafts are most generally used in three

4、types of applications: 1 ) for coupling shafts when relatively heavy torques are to be transmitted without slippage; 2) for transmitting power to slidably-mounted or permanently-fixed gears, pulleys, and other rotating

5、 members; and 3) for attaching parts that may require removal for indexing or change in angular position.花鍵軸主要用在以下三種情況：1）需要在無滑動的聯(lián)軸器上傳遞大的扭矩；2）用 于向“可滑動的裝配組件”或者“固定裝配的齒輪組或滑輪副”傳遞動力，3）用于 “要求指定滑移量或轉(zhuǎn)角位置”的配件上。譯注A1：“slidably-moun

6、ted”例如球籠式等速萬向節(jié)，萬向節(jié)同時能轉(zhuǎn)動一定角度；“ermanently-fixed gears”例如齒輪變速箱。 （凡是帶“譯注”的，表示譯者的理解，下同）Splines having straight-sided teeth have been used in many applications (see SAE Parallel Side Splines for Soft Broached Holes in Fitting

7、s); however, the use of splines with teeth of involute profile has steadily increased since 1) involute spline couplings have greater torque- transmitting capacity than any other type; 2) they can be produced by the sam

8、e techniques and equipment as is used to cut gears; and 3) they have a self-centering action under load even when there is backlash between mating members.具有“直邊式齒形”的花鍵已經(jīng)適用于多種場合（請查看“用于軟拉削加工成型的 直邊式花鍵”）；然而，“齒側(cè)具有漸開線形狀的花鍵”的

9、使用正在逐步的增長，原 因如下：1）漸開線花鍵傳遞扭矩的性能超過其他形式；2）可用加工齒輪的技術(shù)或設(shè) 備來加工；3）在內(nèi)齒和外齒配合情況下產(chǎn)生的反作用力具有自定心功能。譯注A2：“Parallel Side Splines”指的是矩形花鍵，文中翻譯成“直邊式花鍵” ，見《GB/T 1144 矩形花鍵尺寸、公差和檢驗(yàn)》 ；譯注A3：“SAE Parallel Side Splines for Soft Broached Holes in

10、Fittings”指SAE J499A，一種類似GB/T 1144的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Involute SplinesAmerican National Standard Involute Splines*.— These splines or multiple keys are similar in form to internal and external involute gears. The general practice is to

11、form the external splines either by hobbing, rolling, or on a gear shaper, and internal splines either by broaching or on a gear shaper. The internal spline is held to basic dimensions and the external spline is varie

12、d to control the fit. Involute splines have maximum strength at the base, can be accurately spaced and are self-centering, thus equalizing the bearing and stresses, and they can be measured and fitted accurately.美國漸開線標(biāo)

13、準(zhǔn)：這種花鍵的成型和齒輪的內(nèi)外花鍵類似。通常的成型加工方法是 外花鍵用滾銑刀、搓齒或插齒刀，內(nèi)花鍵用拉削、齒輪插齒刀。內(nèi)花鍵的尺寸是固定 的，外花鍵根據(jù)不同的配合采用不同的尺寸。漸開線花鍵在近跟處有最大的強(qiáng)度， （鍵齒）能精確分布和自定心，這樣就有相同的支撐力和應(yīng)力，同時能準(zhǔn)確地配合和 測量。譯注A4：內(nèi)花鍵尺寸不變，外花鍵變，原理等同于基孔制。 The tolerance class used in ASA B5.15-1960 is

14、 the basis and is now designated as tolerance Class 5. The new tolerance classes are based on the following formulas:在ASA B5.15-1960中使用的基本公差，已經(jīng)被本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中公差等級5代替，各關(guān)系見下 表：Tolerance Class 4（公差等級4）= Tolerance Class 5（公差等級5）×

15、; 0.71 Tolerance Class 6（公差等級6）= Tolerance Class 5（公差等級5）× 1.40 Tolerance Class 7（公差等級7）= Tolerance Class 5（公差等級5）× 2.00All dimensions listed in this standard are for the finished part. Therefore, any compensat

16、ion that must be made for operations that take place during processing, such as heat treatment, must be taken into account when selecting the tolerance level for manufacturing.本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)羅列的所有尺寸為最終成品尺寸。因此，在加工過程中必須考慮修正系數(shù)，慎 重選擇加

17、工的公差等級。The standard has the same internal minimum effective space width and external maximum effective tooth thickness for all tolerance classes and has two types of fit. For tooth side fits, the minimum effective spac

18、e width and the maximum effective tooth thickness are of equal value. This basic concept makes it possible to have interchangeable assembly between mating splines where they are made to this standard regardless of the

19、tolerance class of the individual members. A tolerance class “mix” of mating members is thus allowed, which often is an advantage where one member is considerably less difficult to produce than its mate, and the “aver

20、age” tolerance applied to the two units is such that it satisfies the design need. For instance, assigning a Class 5 tolerance to one member and Class 7 to its mate will provide an assembly tolerance in the Class 6 ran

21、ge. The maximum effective tooth thickness is less than the minimum effective space width for major diameter fits to allow for eccentricity variations.本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中，所有公差等級的“內(nèi)花鍵最小作用弧齒槽寬”和“外花鍵最大作用弧齒 厚”的值是相同的，并且有兩種配合類型。齒側(cè)配合類，“內(nèi)花鍵最小作

22、用弧齒槽寬” 和“外花鍵最大作用弧齒厚”的值相等。這一理念使得根據(jù)本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制造的各種公差等級 的單個花鍵能夠互配。一個“混合”公差等級的配合是允許的，這樣的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是在于，一 個配合零件的制造難度更小于與它相配的另一個零件。并且，“平均”的公差，也是設(shè) 計需要。例如，將一個5級和7級公差的零件配合，可以得到一個范圍為6級公差的配 合。外徑配合類，“外花鍵最大作用弧齒厚”比“內(nèi)花鍵最小作用弧齒槽寬”要小，這 種配合適用（裝配后）的偏心情況。譯注

23、A7：“兩種配合類型”指的是“齒側(cè)配合”和“外徑配合” 。 （也有的參考翻譯成“齒形定心”和“大徑定心” ）In the event the fit as provided in this standard does not satisfy a particular design need and a specific amount of effective clearance or press fit is desired, the

24、 change should be made only to the external spline by a reduction or an increase in effective tooth thickness and a like change in actual tooth thickness. The minimum effective space width, in this standard, is always

25、basic. The basic minimum effective space width should always be retained when special designs are derived from the concept of this standard.如果本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的配合不能滿足特殊的作用側(cè)隙或壓力配合的設(shè)計需要，設(shè)計更改應(yīng) 只改變（減少或增加）“外花鍵的作用弧齒厚”或“實(shí)際弧齒厚”。本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的理念就是 “

26、內(nèi)花鍵最小作用弧齒槽寬”是基本值（不變的）。Terms Applied to Involute Splines.— The following definitions of involute spline terms, here listed in alphabetical order, are given in the American National Standard. Some of these terms are illu