漢語(yǔ)言文學(xué)專業(yè)外文翻譯--好狐貍，壞狐貍

1、<p>　　畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)外文翻譯</p><p><b>　　原文：</b></p><p>　　Good fox, Bad fox</p><p>　　Hou Jiaying. China Today, Oct2007, Vol. 56 Issue 10, p62-66</p><p>　　Foxes h

2、ave been popular characters in Chinese fables for two millennia. They first featured in their original animal form before gradually taking on the persona of spirits, both benevolent and malevolent, in the guise of bewitc

3、hingly beautiful, charming young women. </p><p>　　Famous Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) writer Pu Songling’s stories about fox spirits in his well-known Strange Tales from Make-do Studio characterize them as beaut

4、iful creatures that embody the nest human virtues of fidelity, love, generosity, justice, and willingness to help others. Over the past three centuries, readers of Pu Songling’s work have come to refer to these character

5、s as “fox angels” rather than “fox spirits.” </p><p>　　Ma Ruifang, Chinese scholar and expert on the Strange Tales from Makedo Studio, once acted as host to a visiting American professor from Chicago Univers

6、ity. When the two spoke of Pu Songling’s works the professor expressed his amazement at how this 17th-century Chinese writer from feudal, isolated, imperial China could have dreamt up the story Hengniang, one of the 500

7、Strange Tales’ most famous foxy stories. Its implicit advice to wives that they should employ feminine wiles to ensure their spo</p><p>　　Women of the Dream World</p><p>　　Hengniang’s plot is th

8、e classic husband, wife and mistress love triangle. Hengniang is a benign fox spirit and wife of a mortal. Her neighbor, Hong Daye, has a wife, Zhu, and a concubine. Zhu is more beautiful, and only a few years older than

9、 the concubine but, to Zhu’s consternation, Hong Daye favors his concubine over her. Hengniang’s husband also has a concubine, one appreciably younger and more beautiful than Hengniang, but he nevertheless loves his wife

10、 the more by far. When Zhu asks Hengni</p><p>　　Zhu joyfully recounts to Hengniang her successful reclamation of Daye’s passion. Hengniang cautions Zhu to continue using her feminine wiles, because although

11、Zhu may be beautiful she lacks charm, so her husband’s reawakened passion may be short-lived. Hengniang explains that charm encompasses a woman’s manner and all aspects of behavior – the way she walks, talks and even loo

12、ks at her husband. Hengniang instructs Zhu in all the appropriate feminine mannerisms, telling her to practice them every</p><p>　　Another foxy story in Pu Songling’s work, Jiaona, celebrates true friendship

13、 and love among mortals and foxes. When the young scholar Kong Xueli falls seriously ill, his friend, a fox spirit, urges Kong to let his sister Jiaona cure him. A young woman, “brimming softness and beaming intelligence

14、”whose figure and manner resemble a“willow’s grace”then appears. Jiaona performs a surgical operation on Kong, and spits into his mouth an elixir that is the cultivated accumulation of years of her vital </p><

15、p>　　A few years later, Kong’s friend and fox brother-in-law tells him that a massive thunderstorm threatens his family, and that they will all perish unless Kong comes to their rescue. Kong immediately agrees, regardl

16、ess of the danger to himself. On that stormy night, Kong, sword in hand, guards the entrance to the fox family cave. Suddenly, a black gust of wind whirls out of the cave with Jiaona at its center. Kong makes an almighty

17、 thrust with his sword and Jiaona falls to the ground. As Kong is a</p><p>　　Xiaocui is another charming fox spirit story. Xiaocui is lovely, vivacious fox spirit with the outward trappings of a beautiful yo

18、ung lady. One day, her fox mother takes her to the Wang household and steals away, apparently abandoning her daughter. Wang is a local of cial whose only son is mentally challenged. He has neither playmates nor marriage

19、prospects, but Xiaocui befriends and later marries him. Although the Wangs initially love Xiaocui, her unruly ways antagonize them, and they often sco</p><p>　　The Evil Fox Spirit</p><p>　　Prove

20、rbs that use fox imagery, however, generally portray this intelligent, charming animal as cunning and contemptible. One example is the proverb, Hu (fox) Jia (fake, under) Hu (tiger’s) Wei (power), an allegory for trickst

21、ers and scoundrels that bend others to their will by flaunting their powerful connections. Its origins are in a story about the king of the State of Chu from more than 2,000 years ago. The king asked</p><p>

22、　　his ministers if rumors that the northern vassals feared the important Chu military of official Zhao Xixu were true. His minister Jiang Yi answered by telling the king a fable: The Tiger King of the Forest was about to

23、 devour the fox he had just captured when the fox told him, “You can’t eat me because I have the Mandate of Heaven that makes me head of the animal kingdom. If you don’t believe me, walk with me through the forest and se

24、e if any other animal dares to cross my path.” The tiger agree</p><p>　　Minister Jiang Yi went on to point out that the king’s territory covered an area of 2,500 kilometers and that his military force compri

25、sed one million men – all of whom were under the control of the official Zhao Xixu. The northern vassals undoubtedly feared Zhao, but in his capacity as controller of the king’s military force and representative of his s

26、upremacy. Jiang warned that unless the king enforced his supremacy it would be bound to weaken. The king subsequently diluted Zhao’s military pow</p><p>　　Vituperative Vixen</p><p>　　Daji, heroi

27、ne of Canonization of the Gods, exemplifies the evil fox spirit. This Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) work is about the downfall of the Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 B.C.) and the rise of the succeeding Zhou Dynasty. King Zhou was t

28、he last monarch of the Shang Dynasty and a notorious tyrant. He levied exorbitant taxes on the people with which to build himself luxurious palaces and fund his debauched lifestyle. During his rule, the 600-year-old Shan

29、g Dynasty rapidly disintegrated. Rampant wars los</p><p>　　Daji is a fox spirit in the form of a beautiful young woman who is sent by the deity to bewitch King Zhou and bring about the downfall of the Shang

30、Dynasty. Her reward is immortality.</p><p>　　King Zhou was extremely lax in his attention to state affairs, leaving everything to his uncle, Prime Minister Bigan. Bigan discovers the truth about Daji’s true

31、persona and urges King Zhou to be rid of her, but to no avail. Enraged at his uncle’s temerity the king banishes Bigan. Daji, aware of the threat Bigan represents, hatches a plan to kill her enemy. She feigns illness, an

32、d another evil spirit in beauteous mortal form comes to the king, telling him that unless Daji eats Bigan’s heart she </p><p>　　Daji is eventually captured and sentenced to death, but all the executioners se

33、nt to carry out the order fall under her spell and are unable to take her life. After several executioners are themselves executed for failure to carry out their duty, a commander with magic powers personally does away w

34、ith Daji. </p><p>　　This novel is a main reason why feminine charms are frequently equated with evil fox spirits, and why calling a woman a fox is generally intended as an insult.</p><p>　　Despi

35、te all this negative fox imagery, however, fox fur is widely admired. The earliest written reference to it is in the Book of Songs of 2,000 years ago. It reads, “Take foxes to make fur coats for our young princes.” Fox f

36、ur was then regarded as the only fit aristocratic raiment.</p><p>　　Chinese ancients tried all means possible to capture and skin foxes, but as it is an alert and cunning animal, hunting generally succeeded

37、only in enhancing its intelligence. Humans have never succeeded in domesticating or making pets out of foxes; it is one of the few animals intelligent enough to outwit man.</p><p>　　It is probably a mixture

38、of resentment and admiration that caused Chinese literature to portray the fox as alternately benign and evil. The Classic of Mountains and Rivers, a geographic and mythical encyclopedia compiled more than 2,000 years ag

39、o, describes the fox as a nine-tailed, man-eating monster. The Shuo Wen Jie Zi (Explanation and Study of Principles of Composition of Characters), China’s first dictionary, written between 100 and 121 during the Eastern