外文翻譯---工程造價(jià)管理前沿(中英文對(duì)照)

1、<p>　　on the stage of the project cost management</p><p>　　Zhang Hanrong1, Shao Rongqing1, Yu Lu2 (1.Taixing Branch of China Construction Bank, Taizhou 235300, China; 2.Taizhou Administrative Office of

2、Building Cost, Taizhou 235300, China); on the stage of the project cost management [J];Anhui Architecture;2007-06</p><p><b>　　Abstract</b></p><p>　　Project cost management is the bas

3、ic contents to determine reasonable and effective control of the project cost. Described the current stage of the project cost management situation on the strengthening of the various stages of construction cost manageme

4、nt of the importance of and raised a number of key initiatives. </p><p>　　Keywords：cost of the construction project cost management status investment decision phase of the design phase of the implementation

5、phase of the cost management in a market economy,</p><p>　　Even under the WTO and China's accession to the world community, China's construction industry how to effectively control construction cost

6、of the construction and management of an important component part. However, the current budget for the construction projects - estimate, budget, Super budget accounts for the "super three" is still widespread a

7、nd that eventually led to a serious loss of control of project investment. Project cost management is the basic contents to determine reasonable and e</p><p>　　As the project cost to the project runs through

8、 the entire process, stage by stage can be divided into Investment Decision stage, the design and implementation phases. The so-called Project Cost effective control is the optimization of the construction plans and desi

9、gn programs on the basis of in the building process at all stages, use of certain methods and measures to reduce the cost of the projects have a reasonable control on the scope and cost of the approved limits. </p>

10、<p>　　Engineering and cost management work of the current status of project cost management system was formed in the 1950s, 1980s perfect together. Performance of the country and directly involved in the managemen

11、t of economic activities. Provisions in the design stage to different estimates or budget preparation as well as government; Nothing relevant departments to formulate a budget, content, methods and approval, the budget w

12、ill provide the fixed cost of equipment and materials and fixed price of </p><p>　　With the historical process, after recovery, reform and development, formed a relatively complete budget estimate of quota m

13、anagement system. However, as the socialist market economic development, the system's many problems have also exposed. Generally speaking, the budget estimate is based on direct participation in the management of nat

14、ional economic activity as a precondition. enterprise is not the actual economic entities. Due to the characteristics of the planned economy, and, at the time u</p><p>　　In severe shortage of commodities und

15、er the conditions, as long as a certain level of investment, will be certain outputs. In this environment, the project planning and technical argumentation there can be no economic analysis. State control of the project

16、cost constitute key factors equipment and materials prices, wages and taxes of artificial distribution. In this relatively stable economic environment, the budget estimate for the system approved project cost, help the g

17、overnment to carry out </p><p>　　As the socialist market economic system established, requires us to predict project investment and control. In recent years, international investment project developed to the

18、 requirements of prior pre-control and in the middle of control. China, the traditional practice in an objective light on the cause decision-making, implementation heavy, light the economy and technology,</p><

19、p>　　First, the consequences of victimization,Due to the technical personnel of the project technical and economic concepts and a weak awareness of cost control, cost management makes the quality difficult to raise. Pr

20、oject Cost control is difficult to achieve long-term goals. </p><p>　　Second, the various stages of the project management view of the above circumstances, My first academia in the 1980s made the whole proce

21、ss of cost management and control concept, building departments will study the feasibility of projects and the budgets and final accounts to two extended at the request of the corresponding regulations put our cost manag

22、ement concepts and methods referred to a new height. </p><p>　　Our task now is to be modern and cost management in line with China's national conditions of the market economy system goal, learn from the

23、advanced experience of the developed countries, and establish sound market economic laws of project cost management system, efforts to increase the project cost levels. An investment decision-making phase of the project

24、cost management construction project investment decision-making stage is proposed project proposals; conduct a feasibility study to determin</p><p>　　China's current stage of the project cost for the pro

25、ject management for the purpose of clearing price, and focusing only on the construction process of cost control, neglected before the start of the project investment decision-making stage of cost control. Investment dec

26、ision-making phase of investment projects is estimated an important basis for decision-making. It has a direct impact on national economic and financial analysis of the results of the reliability and accuracy. Because of

27、 this p</p><p>　　The various stages of the project cost control in the decision-making phase project cost control. Right project planning phase of the cost, many owners have the wrong understanding that the

28、lower the cost the better. Cost control is not a unilateral issue, and should be a number of factors, a combination of practical, comprehensive consideration. The construction project investment decision-making stage, th

29、e project's technical and economic decision-making, Cost of the project after the completi</p><p>　　In the decision-making phase of the most important is to do a good job feasibility study, the work is d

30、one well, returns on investment and can form a good proportion. Otherwise, invest more, less effective, resulting in loss of control and waste of investment. </p><p>　　At present, some of the projects planne

31、d the owners of departure from the subjective desires of a feasibility study on the lack of scientific proof. Feasibility Study untrue, false or engineering functions obtaining the approval of their superiors, actually p

32、ut into the feasibility study will be awarded in the study for the project after the smooth functioning buried a lot of hidden problems, lead to insufficient follow-up funds for the project and had to extend the time lim

33、it so that the projec</p><p>　　Therefore, in order to phase in the investment decision-making effectively control construction costs, we must do the following aspects: </p><p>　　ⅰImplementation

34、of the construction project and corporate accountability, Construction of the project from planning to implementation of the entire process and the use of the funds to repay responsibilities to the people. in addition to

35、 establishing a legal system and the project supervision matching mechanism by the departments in charge of the industry and supervision departments for setting up a monitoring group to oversee the use of funds. </p&g

36、t;<p>　?、 realistic approach to market analysis, to avoid the blindness of the project decision-making, reduces and reduces investment risk. Fully consider building projects in the future market competitiveness,

37、design task more scientific and reliability. </p><p>　?、?Capital financing must have a formal commitment document, the parties must do investment funds in place, and funds must have documents to ensure that

38、the project can be approved after the scheduled implementation. To the various loan conditions should be carefully analyzed to minimize the burden of interest and repayment pressure. </p><p>　?、?To strengthe

39、n the engineering geology, hydrology, geology and land, water, electricity, transport, environmental projects such as external conditions for the work of depth to make the investment estimate there are sufficient grounds

40、. </p><p>　　Taking extensive investigation and research, comparison of similar projects, seriously functional analysis, multi-program comparison and choice. After full technical appraisal and economic evalua

41、tion, and the final technologically advanced, functional and reliable. Reasonable economic projects, thus calculate a more accurate and realistic estimation of the amount of investment, so that the project cost from the

42、start positioning in a more reasonable level. </p><p>　　The design phase of the project cost control for a long time, China's building control very effective, - investment projects is not uncommon, this

43、will affect owners of investment returns, it adds to the owners and within budget, as well as difficulties in fund owners, the impact on the future management or the owners make payments in arrears, and so on. Hence, the

44、 control of the project cost is of great significance, however the project cost is the primary means of control design, </p><p>　　Currently most of the property owners in the design stage seldom works on cos

45、t control, and they found that the cost of the design will not have a great impact, it is wrong, on the contrary, Design phase of the project cost control is the most important step. Because it determines engineering des

46、ign, construction methods, materials and equipment types, models of the project cost is of critical significance, design optimization phase of the program or minor changes, project cost will have a signi</p><p

47、>　?、?As the owners must design, the design selected on the quality level is a direct impact on the quality of product design level, and the design quality products in the level of direct influence on the pricing of th

48、e works. Different design units on the same project design are different. the same item of different design institute works between certain aspects of the project cost on the existence of differences between, We assume t

49、hat with a design from two different design institute to design, C</p><p>　　Otherwise, in the subsequent design process design units will put an increase in the cost of the design requirements; through tende

50、ring the project design into the market, compared to select the best design units. </p><p>　?、?Promoting the design bidding and design optimization campaign mode design units assessed by experts using scient

51、ific group France, in accordance with applicable, economic, aesthetic principles and advanced technology, reasonable structure to meet building energy efficiency and environmental requirements, comprehensive assessment o

52、f the merits of the program design, selection of the best determination of the successful program. </p><p>　　Successful investment program estimated to be close to the general construction project scope of i

53、nvestment. This means two design contracts will help design the program of choice and competition to ensure that the selected design advanced technology, unique novelty, adaptability, as well as to control the cost of th

54、e project. Design units should strive to improve their quality of the project design clever idea, contemporary reducing the project cost on to rack their brains to improve design qua</p><p>　?、?Strengthening

55、 the design stage of the design phase to strengthen supervision of the Commissioner to determine a reasonable design, mature technology, reduction in the construction phase major design changes and changes in the program

56、, in the effective control of the project cost will play a role. 1 to the design of the project if the project supervision to get involved, excluding unfavorable factors may generally is excluded from the 80% errors. In

57、the entire process of building cost control, </p><p>　　According to the Design Institute to provide design drawings and notes to help owners deal with different design options for the economy, capital expend

58、itures to develop the preliminary plan to ensure that investment can be most effectively used; with the owners of different design options, the need to calculate their own materials and equipment to conduct a cost analys

59、is and study, to the design staff costs, to assist them in the investment limit within limits designed to save and invest. To se</p><p>　?、?Design actively promote the so-called cap limit design, even with t

60、he approval of the design task and investment estimates, guarantee the functional requirements of the premise. The preliminary design and control budget, according to the preliminary approval of the total budget for the

61、design and construction design control. Limits, and every one professional, each of whom have a design threshold of a target. In the design process, designers should progress to more programs, design optimizatio</p>

62、;<p>　　Also known as the value of value engineering analysis, is a modern scientific management technique, is a new techno-economic analysis, is the product of functional analysis to conserve resources and reduce

63、the cost of the purpose of an effective method. It made up for the traditional cost management simply focus on cost reduction and quality management only emphasizes improving the quality deficiencies, construction is con

64、ducive to resolving the long-standing long period, a lot of wastage, poor </p><p>　　Construction phase of the project implementation unit construction cost management to control the cost of the project is re

65、asonable in the project to meet quality standards premise, in the investment decision-making stage, the design phase and construction phase of the project put the project approval occurred in the control limits, strive i

66、n various construction projects rational use of human, material and financial resources to achieve good investment returns and social benefits. </p><p>　　The project cost control and management is a dynamic

67、process. The dynamic market economy, to make the investment in the identification and control become more complex, this will require the construction units to the management of project cost to the project runs through th

68、e entire process, it is necessary to have a comprehensive focus. The implementation phase of the projects. The implementation phase of the project cost management is the implementation of the entire process of project ma

69、nagemen</p><p>　　Bidding for the construction phase of the construction units Bidding system control engineering cost effective means, bid organization can improve the cost-effectiveness of construction proj

70、ects and ensure the quality of construction projects, shortening the construction cycle return on the investment, construction units can take full advantage of bidding for the effective means of cost control. </p>

71、<p>　　Construction No. 10 on the 7th ministerial decree issued a "contract with the Construction Contract Pricing Management." clearly pointed out in bidding for projects using inventories. This requires

72、the building of units conducting the tender exercise, in the tender document to include not only the usual content, like tender notes before schedule, tender notes, the conditions of the contract, the contract terms of t

73、he agreement, contract format, technical specifications, drawings, tender document</p><p>　　Construction units in the tender document for the project inventory, in accordance with state or local rules promul

74、gated by the calculation that the reunification of the divided projects, unified measurement units and the reunification of the engineering calculation rules, according to design drawings to be calculated and statistical

75、 arranged, obtain the list. Quantities to be followed in the preparation of an objective, impartial, scientific, and rational principle. Compilers must have strong m</p><p>　　Quantities of the project should

76、 have a testing general, the entries must be simple, while not appear Lousing wrong items Pricing should guarantee the correctness of the project. Should the requirements of the different grades separate engineering divi

77、sion, the situation was different; we may have different prices for the items separately. This requires the preparation of the list compilers, seriously study design drawings, Analysis of the tender documents include the

78、 elements of the work and th</p><p>　　In the evaluation and review of the tender offer should do the units total individual Price quotations and the comprehensive assessment. Price does not meet the requirem

79、ents of individual shows Price meets the requirements, and the lowest total Price could not explain the single lowest bidder. Bidders often know the total cost to maintain the same circumstances; the project is likely to

80、 change smaller projects to lower the price. </p><p>　　Changes may be larger projects price increases to achieve the completion of clearing works will be added for the purpose. We would also do price and the

81、 corresponding quantity of comprehensive engineering assessment of the large volume of projects to focus on the price analysis. Price will do with the contents of the work, construction program, a comprehensive technical

82、 evaluation process, thereby preferred choice of a construction unit. Construction of the construction phase of the contract cos</p><p>　　After the signing of the contract, to do the management contract docu

83、mentation, contract and the supplementary contract agreement until the regular meeting site in minutes. Work contacts such as a single content of a contract extension and explained that the integrity must be preserved, i

84、n addition to establishing a technical files, Implementation of the contract for dynamic analysis, results of the analysis to take proactive measures. </p><p>　　Construction phase in the construction phase c

85、onstruction plan is based on the budget or Ken works contract price of the target, Ken control the cost of the project. At this stage of conservation has room for a small, but the possibility of waste is great. Thereby t

86、o control the cost of the project to give sufficient attention. </p><p>　?、onstruction program to strengthen the comparative technical and economic construction program is construction design of a re - to t

87、he contents of the work, a reasonable construction plan, shorten the construction period and ensure the quality of the project, improving economic efficiency, Construction of the program right from the technical and econ

88、omic evaluation were compared, through qualitative and quantitative analysis, the quality, time, Cost three technical and economic indicators, be r</p><p>　?、trictly related changes to the project budget co

89、ntrol in the proposed budget. Construction of the changes caused by many reasons, including works poorly designed, so that the engineering contract with the drawings provided inconsistent; the current market supply of ma

90、terials do not meet the standard specifications of the design requirements. These issues have to leave breadwinner project cost factors. Therefore, in the construction process, we must tighten customs change, through no

91、design cha</p><p>　?、?Works on the scene visa formalities through strict control of the construction project supervision system, the establishment of specialized departments, Professional use of the professi

92、onal management of projects and to avoid project management personnel just visas, not economic account of the phenomenon. Investment out of control caused serious consequences. To serious change visa procedures to be tak

93、en to the building, Supervisor, the construction site together representatives signed the way</p><p>　　In the course of construction, the construction units to enhance on-site construction management, superv

94、ision and construction side according to the drawings, and strictly control the change of the negotiations, materials substitution, the scene visas, and various additional extra budgetary labor costs for the necessary ch

95、anges should be done first afterwards, after money, Change event on the timely change in the calculation of the workload and the cost of change occurred to grasp at any time co</p><p>　　Construction unit rep

96、resentatives to the scene to supervise doing a good job record, particularly concealed records and visas, reduce clearing the passing phenomenon. Many works visa scene is not as serious, works to bring a very large settl