外文翻譯--我國(guó)專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)現(xiàn)狀問(wèn)題與對(duì)策

1、<p><b>　　附錄A</b></p><p>　　Present Existing Problems and Strategies about</p><p>　　Special Purpose Vehicle in China</p><p>　　In today's world, with the rapid dev

2、elopment of economy, the highway mileage of the rapid increase. Steam.The car to specialization, and the fast pace, the trend of the development of the ChongXingHua direction is more and more obvious, contributed to AD.U

3、se the car demand increases year by year. A. has become a transportation and various special purpose of main.B. in the automobile industry, the pivotal status. A special car is to point to put a special feature.With equi

4、pment, have the special </p><p>　　1. the development of specialized automobile in brief </p><p>　　Our country special automobile production is the 1960 s in the military vehicle, fire The founda

5、tion of the vehicle by the developed gradually. In the 70 s, some special automobile manufacturers According to the different national economic sectors need, formed his own product features, and gradually become A certai

6、n categories of backbone enterprise specialized in automotive production. Such as manufacturing semi-trailers hanyang special cars Factory, production powder of special car factory, wu</p><p>　　Fig．1 Special

7、 Purpose Vehicle Production of China from 1998 tO 2006</p><p>　　Our country a special car after 40 DuoNian development, it has 1 million cars in The production ability, constantly optimize the structure of t

8、he company, have a lot of enterprises to participate in international competition Industry, in product variety, class, process equipment, independent research and development capacity and a big lift High, about 60% of th

9、e special automobile production enterprise has complete product research and development system. Some less Some products have reached the</p><p>　　2. our country the existing problems in the development of a

10、 special car </p><p>　　In global terms, our country a special car present a van to turn, ChongXingHua, intelligent, high grade Change, the development trend of the multi-polarization... And with the new indu

11、stry, the incessant, and development, in the AD Door transport and special the homework is more and more obvious superiority, special vehicle market is in fast Speed growth period. But, our country special automobile ind

12、ustry overall and to Europe, the U.S., Japan and other countries and The advanced level of area </p><p>　　1) production enterprise had spread too much </p><p>　　In recent years, the rapid growth

13、 of economy and the rapid construction of expressway, prompting many enterprise Invest in van, tank car to car, dump and special semi-trailer which mainly low, medium The value added products specialized automobile produ

14、ction in, they or expand series, or to increase production. to Make the above all kinds of products are several hundred enterprise production. But the domestic market of use has more High technology content and high valu

15、e-added products, special c</p><p>　　2) product structure is not reasonable </p><p>　　Trucks, buses specialty extent will promote transportation efficiency and the quality of the homework now Hi

16、gh. The 20 th century, ∞ s in many developed countries from truck chassis. Based on IIii adapted to Auto possession of special accounts for about 50% of the trucks quantities, now has been increased to 80% in the four J.

17、 Our country a special car start later, after DuoNian development, although before and already has a life Production scale, become an important part of the automobile indus</p><p>　　3) technology including t

18、he higher product development ability of autonomous </p><p>　　A special car is a kind of high technology products, it will machinery, electronics, hydraulic, chemical, environmental protection On fields of a

19、dvanced technology in a modular integration special automobile chassis, so as to realize Certain specific functions ", so the car production characteristics is high technical requirements and many varieties, Small b

20、atch, market demand change quickly. Foreign exclusive products used car basically brought The advanced technology, related domain product de</p><p><b>　　附錄B</b></p><p>　　我國(guó)專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)現(xiàn)狀問(wèn)題與對(duì)

21、策</p><p>　　當(dāng)今世界，隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展，高速公路里程的迅速增加。汽車(chē)向?qū)I(yè)化、高速化、重型化方向發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)越來(lái)越明顯，促使對(duì)專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)的需求逐年增加。專(zhuān)用車(chē)已成為運(yùn)輸及各種特殊用途的主力車(chē)種，在汽車(chē)工業(yè)中占有舉足輕重的地位。專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)是指裝霞有專(zhuān)用設(shè)備、具備專(zhuān)用功能、用于承擔(dān)專(zhuān)門(mén)運(yùn)輸任務(wù)或?qū)ｍ?xiàng)作業(yè)的汽車(chē)，專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)的研制、生產(chǎn)和應(yīng)用不僅在實(shí)現(xiàn)專(zhuān)業(yè)化運(yùn)輸和作業(yè)方面受到社會(huì)的，一泛重視和歡迎，而且在提高運(yùn)輸效

22、率、降低運(yùn)輸成本、擴(kuò)大汽車(chē)的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域等方面都發(fā)揮著極重要的作用。</p><p>　　1）我國(guó)專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)的發(fā)展簡(jiǎn)況</p><p>　　我國(guó)專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)的生產(chǎn)是20世紀(jì)60年代初在軍用改裝車(chē)、消防改裝車(chē)的基礎(chǔ)卜逐步發(fā)展起來(lái)的。70年代，一些專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)生產(chǎn)廠家根據(jù)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)各部門(mén)的不同需要，形成了自己的產(chǎn)品特色，逐步成為某一門(mén)類(lèi)專(zhuān)業(yè)汽車(chē)生產(chǎn)的骨干企業(yè)。如生產(chǎn)半掛車(chē)的漢陽(yáng)特種汽車(chē)制造廠、生產(chǎn)粉罐車(chē)的武漢

23、專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)廠、生產(chǎn)冷藏汽車(chē)的鎮(zhèn)江冷藏汽車(chē)廠等。80年代，隨著國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)得到了較大的發(fā)展，在汽車(chē)行業(yè)中形成廠獨(dú)立的專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)行業(yè)，并成為經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)中的雪要運(yùn)輸與作業(yè)裝備。1993～1996年間，由于受到國(guó)家宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)控政策的影響，專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)市場(chǎng)發(fā)展一直處于停滯狀態(tài)。1998年以后，周家實(shí)行了擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需，加大摹本建設(shè)投入等一系列積極的財(cái)政政策，同時(shí)將專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)作為汽車(chē)行業(yè)發(fā)展的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)，擴(kuò)大了對(duì)專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)的需求，到2000年，我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)

24、行出現(xiàn)重大轉(zhuǎn)折，經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)入較高速增長(zhǎng)期，專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)市場(chǎng)走出低谷。市場(chǎng)容量增大，產(chǎn)銷(xiāo)量持續(xù)上升。2000年我國(guó)生產(chǎn)各種專(zhuān)用車(chē)(含自卸車(chē)、半掛牽引車(chē)等)18.01萬(wàn)輛，占載貨汽車(chē)的25％左右。到2006年已達(dá)到56．2萬(wàn)輛．占載貨汽車(chē)的40％左右。這表明我國(guó)載貨汽車(chē)專(zhuān)用化的速度在不斷加快，專(zhuān)用化趨勢(shì)越來(lái)越明顯</p><p>　　我國(guó)專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)經(jīng)過(guò)40多年的發(fā)展，目前已經(jīng)具備100萬(wàn)輛的年生產(chǎn)能力，企業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)不斷優(yōu)化，出現(xiàn)了

25、一些能夠參與國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的企業(yè)，在產(chǎn)品品種、檔次、工藝裝備、自主研發(fā)能力等方面有了很大提高，60％左右的專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)生產(chǎn)企業(yè)擁有完備的產(chǎn)品研發(fā)體系。有少部分產(chǎn)品已達(dá)到國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平。表l為2003～2006年我國(guó)專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)進(jìn)出口情況，可以看出。2003年我國(guó)專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)進(jìn)口1285輛，出口841輛，出口量占進(jìn)口量的65％，到2006年，進(jìn)口量減少到625輛，出口量卻增加到4479輛，出口量是進(jìn)口量的7．2倍。由此可見(jiàn)，我國(guó)專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)已經(jīng)基本實(shí)現(xiàn)從進(jìn)口向出

26、口的轉(zhuǎn)變。</p><p>　　圖1 1 998—2006年我國(guó)專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)的生產(chǎn)狀況</p><p><b>　　2）產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)不合理</b></p><p>　　貨車(chē)、客車(chē)專(zhuān)用化程度的提高會(huì)促進(jìn)運(yùn)輸效率與作業(yè)質(zhì)量的提高。20世紀(jì)80年代，在許多發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家．從貨車(chē)底盤(pán)基礎(chǔ)上改裝而來(lái)的專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)保有量約占載貨車(chē)保有量的50％，如今已增至80％。我國(guó)專(zhuān)用汽

27、車(chē)起步較晚，經(jīng)過(guò)多年的發(fā)展，雖然且前已具有一定的生產(chǎn)規(guī)模，成為汽車(chē)工業(yè)的重要組成部分，但我國(guó)專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)保有量占載貨車(chē)保有量仍低于40％。發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家載貨類(lèi)專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)產(chǎn)品向重型化、專(zhuān)用功能強(qiáng)、技術(shù)含量高的方向發(fā)展，與市場(chǎng)需求較為匹配，品種已超過(guò)6 000個(gè)，產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)比較合理，重、中、輕的比例接近3：4：3。我國(guó)目前專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)品種雖然已達(dá)到5 000個(gè)，但重、中、輕的比例為2：5：3。由于受公路條件和專(zhuān)用車(chē)底盤(pán)生產(chǎn)的限制，我國(guó)的專(zhuān)用車(chē)一直以中型為主。

28、重型專(zhuān)用車(chē)的比例明顯偏低，產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)還不合理，技術(shù)與質(zhì)量水平也良莠不齊。</p><p>　　3）科技含最高的產(chǎn)品缺乏自主開(kāi)發(fā)能力</p><p>　　專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)是一種高技術(shù)產(chǎn)品，它將機(jī)械、電子、液壓、化工、環(huán)保等各領(lǐng)域的先進(jìn)技術(shù)模塊化地集成在一個(gè)專(zhuān)用車(chē)底盤(pán)上，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)一定的特定功能，所以專(zhuān)用車(chē)的生產(chǎn)特點(diǎn)是技術(shù)要求高、品種多、批量小、市場(chǎng)需求變化快。國(guó)外專(zhuān)用車(chē)產(chǎn)品基本上都采用了汽車(chē)領(lǐng)域的相關(guān)先

29、進(jìn)技術(shù)，產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)創(chuàng)新很快，能夠最大限度地滿足用戶對(duì)專(zhuān)用車(chē)的需求。而我國(guó)專(zhuān)用車(chē)在產(chǎn)量上雖已具備相當(dāng)規(guī)模，但多數(shù)是勞動(dòng)密集型的中低技術(shù)含量的產(chǎn)品，如半掛車(chē)、自卸車(chē)。一些技術(shù)含量較高的專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)產(chǎn)品卻不能生產(chǎn)，只有極少部分企業(yè)通過(guò)引進(jìn)技術(shù)和自主開(kāi)發(fā)達(dá)到了較高水平。由于在技術(shù)上投入不足，資金缺乏．缺少創(chuàng)新，自主開(kāi)發(fā)能力弱，導(dǎo)致一些技術(shù)含量較高的產(chǎn)品及關(guān)鍵零部件仍需進(jìn)口，如液壓件、泵類(lèi)、閥類(lèi)、控制儀表等，因此制約了高水平專(zhuān)用汽車(chē)的開(kāi)發(fā)生產(chǎn)。同時(shí)，國(guó)