外文資料翻譯--山西省煤炭資源開發(fā)與經(jīng)濟發(fā)展關(guān)系的實證研究

1、<p><b>　　中文2900字</b></p><p>　　畢業(yè)論文外文資料翻譯</p><p>　　專 業(yè)： </p><p>　　姓 名： </p><p>　

2、　外文出處： Shanxi coal resources development and economic development relationship of empirical research</p><p>　　附件1：外文資料翻譯譯文</p><p>　　山西省煤炭資源開發(fā)與經(jīng)濟發(fā)展關(guān)系的實證研究</p><p>　　資源開發(fā)與經(jīng)濟發(fā)展之間究竟是怎樣的

3、關(guān)系，是學(xué)術(shù)界一直關(guān)注的一個問題。20 世紀(jì)60年代之前,以North為代表的經(jīng)濟學(xué)家普遍認(rèn)為自然資源是資本積累的前提與源泉，豐富的自然資源對區(qū)域經(jīng)濟增長具有正向作用。但也有學(xué)者提出“資源詛咒論”，認(rèn)為豐富的自然資源阻礙了地區(qū)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。Sachs和Warner首先對“資源詛咒”效應(yīng)進行了實證檢驗，之后眾多學(xué)者針對不同區(qū)域，采用不同模型設(shè)定對“資源詛咒”效應(yīng)進行了檢驗，但到目前為止并無統(tǒng)一的結(jié)論。資源豐度既可指單項資源的豐度，也可指某類資

4、源組合的豐度。有的學(xué)者以某類資源組合的豐度來考察地區(qū)資源豐度，但是由于資源種類繁多，假設(shè)“資源詛咒”效應(yīng)確實存在，各種資源的權(quán)重也應(yīng)不一樣，而現(xiàn)有研究并沒有考慮這一點，從而造成資源開發(fā)與經(jīng)濟發(fā)展之間關(guān)系實證研究結(jié)論的偏差。山西是煤炭大省，全省儲煤面積占近40%，1979年到2009年間山西省累計生產(chǎn)原煤90億t，占全國原煤總產(chǎn)量的24.5%，因此可以忽略其他資源的影響。本文以山西省為例，分析煤炭資源開發(fā)與經(jīng)濟發(fā)展之間的關(guān)系，為資源型地區(qū)

5、可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供決策參考。</p><p>　　Auty首先提出了“資源詛咒”這個概念，即豐裕的資源對于經(jīng)濟增長并不是充分的有利條件，反而是一種限制。Sachs和Warner對資源詛咒假說進行了開創(chuàng)性的實證檢驗,他們以95個發(fā)展中國家1970年-1989年的數(shù)據(jù)為樣本進行回歸分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)自然資源稟賦與經(jīng)濟增長之間存在著顯著的負相關(guān)性，資源豐富的國家與地區(qū)經(jīng)濟增長反而慢于資源稀缺的國家與地區(qū)。其他學(xué)者如Leite 和W

6、eidmann, Gylfason,Papyrakis和Gerlagh等的實證研究都支持了“資源詛咒”這一假說[5-7]。關(guān)于“資源詛咒”的機理，Gylfason的研究表明，由于資源部門具有更高的邊際生產(chǎn)率，物質(zhì)資本和人力資本將會轉(zhuǎn)移至初級產(chǎn)業(yè)部門，但初級產(chǎn)業(yè)部門對人力資本的要求較低，從而造成物質(zhì)資本對人力資本的擠出效應(yīng)，人才的外流最終導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟的衰退。Stijns得到類似結(jié)論，他的研究表明豐富的自然資源對人力資本投入、創(chuàng)新行為等容易產(chǎn)生

7、擠出效應(yīng)，而經(jīng)濟增長理論認(rèn)為后者是經(jīng)濟增長的持續(xù)動力。除了資源的擠出效應(yīng)這一造成“資源詛咒”的主要原因之外，學(xué)者也從初級產(chǎn)品價格的波動性、資源開發(fā)既得利益者為維護收益而弱化地區(qū)制度質(zhì)量等對“</p><p>　　關(guān)系。Davis以資源產(chǎn)品出口占總產(chǎn)品出口的比例來度量資源豐度，對91 個礦產(chǎn)豐富的國家1970年-1991年數(shù)據(jù)進行了分析，研究表明資源豐度與經(jīng)濟發(fā)展之間存在正向關(guān)系。Brunnschweiler將制度

8、因素納入到資源詛咒效應(yīng)檢驗?zāi)Ｐ椭?，結(jié)果表明，自然資源不僅沒有資源詛咒效應(yīng)，反而對經(jīng)濟發(fā)展具有促進作用。國內(nèi)學(xué)者對“資源詛咒”也進行了大量研究。</p><p>　　徐康寧、王劍以我國省際面板數(shù)據(jù)為樣本，對“資源詛咒”命題進行了實證檢驗，結(jié)果表明該命題在我國地區(qū)層面成立，多數(shù)省份豐裕的自然資源并未成為經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的有利條件，反而制約了經(jīng)濟增長，該文以山西為典型省份，揭示了密集而過度的資源開采引致了制造業(yè)衰退和制度弱化，

9、從而制約了經(jīng)濟增長的資源詛咒作用機理。邵帥、齊中英通過1991年-2006年的省際面板數(shù)據(jù)對西部地區(qū)的能源開發(fā)與經(jīng)濟增長之間的相關(guān)性進行了分析，指出雖然實施西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略前能源開發(fā)負向作用于對外開放度、科技創(chuàng)新和人力資本投入，但“資源詛咒”效應(yīng)尚未明顯產(chǎn)生，而實施大開發(fā)后能源開發(fā)對科技創(chuàng)新和人力資本投入的負向作用有所增強，從而導(dǎo)致詛咒效應(yīng)明顯出現(xiàn)。劉紅梅等基于我國省際面板數(shù)據(jù)，在考慮經(jīng)濟現(xiàn)象的時間和空間自相關(guān)性的基礎(chǔ)上，應(yīng)用動態(tài)面板數(shù)據(jù)

10、模型和空間遞歸面板數(shù)據(jù)模型對農(nóng)業(yè)虛擬水“資源詛咒”效應(yīng)進行了檢驗，結(jié)果表明確實存在“資源詛咒”效應(yīng)。張馨等用中國30個省區(qū)1997年-2007年的數(shù)據(jù)建立面板回歸模型，發(fā)現(xiàn)能源資源對經(jīng)濟增長存在負效應(yīng)，但這種負效應(yīng)隨著時間的推移而減小，反映“資源詛咒”現(xiàn)象不具有長期性，在我國已漸趨淡化。</p><p>　　上述研究均是從省際層面探討了“資源詛咒”效應(yīng)，而景普秋、王清憲從省域、地級市、縣域三個層面分析了山西省資源

11、詛咒效應(yīng)，指出豐富的煤炭資源既是經(jīng)濟增長的動力，也加劇了經(jīng)濟增長的波動。徐盈之、胡永舜以內(nèi)蒙古為例構(gòu)建時間序列模型對“資源詛咒”假說進行了實證分析，結(jié)果表明從長期來看，內(nèi)蒙古的確存在著“資源詛咒”現(xiàn)象，但西部大開發(fā)以后，隨著制造業(yè)部門全要素生產(chǎn)率的提升，“資源詛咒”效應(yīng)得以破解。本研究與以往研究不同之處有三點。首先，山西是煤炭大省，煤炭產(chǎn)業(yè)是支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)，因此可以忽略其他資源的“資源詛咒”效應(yīng)，以山西為典型案例，分析“資源詛咒”效應(yīng)，可以很

12、好地解決多種資源“資源詛咒”效應(yīng)中的權(quán)重問題。其次，馮宗憲等指出國內(nèi)關(guān)于“資源詛咒”問題的實證研究，大多由于沒有在回歸方程中加入?yún)^(qū)位這一非常顯著的控制變量，而使回歸結(jié)果存在較大偏誤，得到資源開發(fā)與經(jīng)濟發(fā)展負相關(guān)這樣值得商榷的結(jié)論。本文考慮一省范圍內(nèi)的“資源詛咒”效應(yīng)，由于省內(nèi)各地區(qū)之間的差異相對較小，從而使用面板數(shù)據(jù)模型可以更好地解釋煤炭資源開發(fā)與經(jīng)濟發(fā)展之間的關(guān)系，而不必關(guān)注區(qū)位特性不同所帶來的模型估計問題。景普秋、王清憲的研究雖然以

13、山西省為例進行</p><p>　　本文以煤炭資源豐富的山西省為例，應(yīng)用面板數(shù)據(jù)模型對煤炭資源開發(fā)與經(jīng)濟發(fā)展之間的關(guān)系進行了實證研究。結(jié)果表明，煤炭資源開發(fā)對于地區(qū)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展具有顯著促進作用。山西的優(yōu)勢在煤，山西的潛力和希望也在煤，“十二五”期間，山西的工業(yè)新型化將圍繞煤來展開和推進，按照以煤為基、多元發(fā)展的思路，進一步鞏固能源基地的戰(zhàn)略地位，這一發(fā)展思路與本文的實證研究結(jié)果相一致。為了使煤炭資源開發(fā)更好地服務(wù)于山

14、西的可持續(xù)健康發(fā)展，應(yīng)盡量避免“資源詛咒”效應(yīng)，即避免自然資源對人力資本投入、創(chuàng)新行為等產(chǎn)生的擠出效應(yīng)。同時，煤炭作為不可再生資源，應(yīng)加以科學(xué)開采，高效利用，并以煤炭產(chǎn)業(yè)帶動其他產(chǎn)業(yè)，促進產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級，充分發(fā)揮煤炭資源在經(jīng)濟發(fā)展中的推動作用。本文的實證研究表明，大型煤炭企業(yè)對地區(qū)經(jīng)濟增長具有促進作用，中小型煤炭企業(yè)對地區(qū)經(jīng)濟增長無顯著影響。因此，對于關(guān)系國計民生的煤炭資源開發(fā)，應(yīng)采取煤炭資源整合與企業(yè)兼并重組的經(jīng)濟政策，擴大煤炭企業(yè)的規(guī)

15、模，加大技術(shù)創(chuàng)新力度，提高大型煤炭企業(yè)的經(jīng)營效率，增強大型煤炭企業(yè)的市場競爭力。2009年4月，山西省開展了一場煤炭產(chǎn)業(yè)重組風(fēng)暴，年產(chǎn)量30萬t以下的煤礦全部淘汰關(guān)閉，調(diào)整的目標(biāo)是</p><p>　　附件2：外文原文（復(fù)印件） </p><p>　　Shanxi coal resources development and economic development relationshi

16、p of empirical research</p><p>　　Resource development and economic development, what is the relationship between is academia have been focused on an issue. Until the 1960 s, represented by the North's ec

17、onomists generally believe that natural resources is the premise and the source of capital accumulation, rich in natural resources has a positive effect on regional economic growth. But there are some scholars put forwar

18、d the theory of "resource curse", think that rich in natural resources hinder the regional economic developmen</p><p>　　Reference for decision making.</p><p>　　Auty first puts forward

19、the concept of "resource curse", namely the abundance of resources for economic growth is not sufficient favorable conditions, but is a kind of restriction. Sachs and Warner groundbreaking for the resource curs

20、e hypothesis empirically, they in 95 developing countries in 1970-1989 data for the samples of regression analysis, found that natural resources endowment and there exists a significant negative correlation between econo

21、mic growth, the country is rich in resources a</p><p>　　Have interests for maintenance quality of earnings and weakening region system on the generating mechanism of "resource curse" effect is anal

22、yzed. Although the "resource curse" effect is supported by many studies, but there are also studies have shown that no negative resource abundance and economic growth </p><p>　　Relationship. Davis

23、to resource products export accounts for the proportion of total exports to measure resource abundance, and in 91 the country is rich in mineral data in 1970-1970 are analyzed, and research shows that there is a positive

24、 relationship between resource abundance and economic development. Brunnschweiler to include institutional factors in the resource curse effect test model, the results show that the natural resources not only the resourc

25、e curse effect, it has a promoting effec</p><p>　　Xu Kangning, still in Chinese provincial panel data as samples, the proposition of "resource curse" has carried on the empirical test, the results

26、show that the proposition in the regional level, most provinces abundance of natural resources has not become the favorable conditions of economic development, it has restricted the economic growth, this article in Shanx

27、i Province as a typical province, reveals the intensive and excessive resources exploitation cause a system of manufacturing recessio</p><p>　　Curse "have little effect, and after the implementation of

28、large-scale development of the energy development of science and technology innovation and human capital into the negative effect of increased, leading to curse effect was evident. Liu Gongmei etc. Based on Chinese provi

29、ncial panel data, considering the economic phenomenon of time and space, on the basis of the correlation of dynamic panel data model and spatial recursive panel data model to the agricultural virtual water" resource

30、 curse</p><p>　　The study are discussed from provincial level "resource curse" effect, and JingPuQiu Wang Qingxian from provincial, prefectural and county three aspects analyzes the resource curse

31、effect in Shanxi Province, points out that the abundant coal resources is not only economic growth, has also increased the volatility of economic growth. Surplus of xu, Hu Yongshun in Inner Mongolia as an example to buil

32、d time series model to make an empirical analysis of the hypothesis of "resource curse", the result</p><p>　　Should be, because of the difference between regions is relatively small, in the provinc

33、e to use panel data model can better explain the coal resources development and the relationship between the economic development, rather than having to focus on different model estimation problem brought by the geograph

34、ical features. JingPuQiu, although Wang Qingxian research in Shanxi Province as an example was analyzed, and the data quantity is less, but the model and the independent variable is only coal </p><p>　　Who h

35、as 56 kinds, therefore the empirical test remains the above said to ascertain the weight of all kinds of resources "resource curse" effect; , both the research using the time series model, this paper USES the p

36、anel data model, in order to better control the individual heterogeneity, improve the degree of freedom of the models, to enhance the effectiveness of the estimate. Finally, this research distinguish between large coal e

37、nterprises and small and medium-sized coal enterprises resources </p><p>　　Based on abundant coal resources of Shanxi Province as an example, using panel data model for coal resources exploitation and the re

38、lationship between the economic development has carried on the empirical research. The results show that the coal resources development for regional economic development has a significant role in promoting. Potential sup

39、eriority in coal of shanxi, shanxi and hope also in coal, "twelfth five-year" period, shanxi's coal industrial new change will be around to expand a</p><p>　　Economic policy, expand the size of

40、 the coal enterprises to strengthen technological innovation, improve the management efficiency of large-scale coal enterprise, large-scale coal enterprise's market competitiveness. In April 2009, shanxi coal industr

41、y restructuring has carried out a storm, the annual output of 300000 t coal mine under all the closed out, adjust the goal is to realize the upgrade of the coal industry, coal circulation economy development, the stretch