橋梁設(shè)計(jì)專業(yè)外文翻譯---新巴達(dá)洛納鐵路橋

1、<p><b>　　新巴達(dá)洛納鐵路橋</b></p><p><b>　　摘要</b></p><p>　　在大城市居所里的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)總是一個(gè)對于完成需求重要系數(shù)的挑戰(zhàn)。 設(shè)計(jì)，特別是當(dāng)它涉及鐵路或道路中，必須與人的環(huán)境相協(xié)調(diào)的那些基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的需要，罷達(dá)洛納的的鐵路橋就是一個(gè)例子。</p><p>　　現(xiàn)如今臨海的城

2、市區(qū)域被污染產(chǎn)業(yè)占領(lǐng)。城市管理委員會(huì)設(shè)法面向地中海開放城市，拆毀難看和無用的大樓或者改變對它們的建筑或技術(shù)價(jià)值的利用方式?，F(xiàn)在建起了一個(gè)沙灘和一個(gè)快艇港口。</p><p>　　有一條鐵路線與岸區(qū)域的海岸平行，將城市的中心與海岸隔離了開來。沒有修建一個(gè)隧道式鐵路線的資金，因而必須被修筑一座橋梁以增加城市的中心和海岸新設(shè)施之間的連系。</p><p>　　為建造一座鐵路橋，發(fā)起了一次設(shè)計(jì)競標(biāo)

3、，該橋?qū)⒋┻^城市的一個(gè)新的步行區(qū)域、新的港口的部分和二條街道。 橋梁設(shè)計(jì)的合同被交由FHECOR咨詢工程師擬定一個(gè)初步設(shè)計(jì)。</p><p>　　提案的理念是將功能、結(jié)構(gòu)合理性、美學(xué)和低建筑、低維修費(fèi)用相結(jié)合。并且也有意圖修建一座成為將來新的都市發(fā)展標(biāo)志的橋梁。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞： 都市橋梁，鐵路，預(yù)應(yīng)力，結(jié)構(gòu)形狀。</p><p><b>　　

4、1. 簡介</b></p><p>　　巴達(dá)洛納是巴塞羅那靠地中海海岸附近重要的衛(wèi)星城市。城市的中堅(jiān)力量與海岸之間的聯(lián)系被連接巴塞羅那郊區(qū)的鐵路線路所切斷。該鐵路線是西班牙聯(lián)合鐵路集團(tuán)收益頗豐的客運(yùn)線路之一。多年來，沿著鐵路線工廠廠房出現(xiàn)了形成了一個(gè)重要工業(yè)中心，但是同時(shí)卻也讓巴達(dá)洛納的人們遠(yuǎn)離大海。</p><p>　　為了設(shè)法重建海岸和增強(qiáng)其與市中心之間的聯(lián)系，巴達(dá)洛納與巴

5、塞羅那發(fā)展委員會(huì)合作設(shè)法改進(jìn)它的與市區(qū)的連接。巴達(dá)洛納市發(fā)起了一個(gè)主要目的在于重建都市風(fēng)景的一個(gè)都市發(fā)展項(xiàng)目，其中包括為體育船只和漁船修建停船港。重造其他的現(xiàn)有的有價(jià)值的工廠廠房做為其他用途和拆毀倉庫和的小游艇船塢等建筑，是為了給公寓和服務(wù)樓騰出空間。</p><p>　　新的口岸或小游艇船塢的建筑包含一條運(yùn)河，它將跨過一條大約350 m.的鐵路線。這條運(yùn)河可作為小船的停船塢。 </p><p

6、>　　為了建造這條新的水路和穿越現(xiàn)有的鐵路線，有必要修建一座新的橋梁 (參見圖1)。 在本文中，這座橋梁的構(gòu)想過程將被描述為都市發(fā)展的標(biāo)志。</p><p>　　2.橋梁建造需滿足的條件</p><p>　　該橋主要須滿足的條件有以下內(nèi)容：</p><p>　　·橋梁寬度必須符合鐵路線的橫向和縱向有關(guān)條件。</p><p>　

7、　·橋梁建筑高度，需要非常嚴(yán)格的要求。</p><p>　　·橫向通道寬度，必須至少有45米，雖然這取的是運(yùn)河無任何支持的情況。最后的結(jié)論是，一個(gè)主跨至少72米。</p><p>　　·橋梁，也必須在道路兩邊留出地方讓運(yùn)河的港口運(yùn)作，還要留出一個(gè)回旋距離給當(dāng)?shù)氐慕煌ā?lt;/p><p>　　·既然它是一座鐵路橋，它不可能是一個(gè)很

8、輕的結(jié)構(gòu)。它需要有適當(dāng)?shù)膭偠群统休d能力。 ·最后一點(diǎn)，大橋被看作是城市發(fā)展的一個(gè)象征，因此，美學(xué)的要求是非常重要的。 ·最后這點(diǎn)不能不考慮問題：有一個(gè)非常昂貴的結(jié)構(gòu)，但事實(shí)上，財(cái)政預(yù)算案是非常有限，而且這是該項(xiàng)目的一個(gè)重大的問題。結(jié)構(gòu)成本必須牢記，還有維護(hù)的問題，特別是在位于海岸線旁邊的結(jié)構(gòu)。</p><p>　　FHECOR咨詢工程設(shè)計(jì)室參加了這個(gè)競賽，用所謂的瑪麗娜德巴達(dá)洛納計(jì)劃贏得了

9、合同，該計(jì)劃描述了一座簡單，優(yōu)雅，結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)濟(jì)和有效新的橋梁方案。</p><p><b>　　3. 對方案的說明</b></p><p>　　提議的方案是一座跨徑分別為39.00， 78.00， 39.00， 30.00和21.00米的5跨預(yù)應(yīng)力橋梁。橫斷面由高度可改變的二個(gè)網(wǎng)形成(橋梁的總深度從1.90m-中心主跨跨度-到6.50 m主墩高度)。 因此橋面板撓度符合彎

10、曲力矩定律(參見圖3)。</p><p>　　采用裝配式預(yù)應(yīng)力梁。梁的肋狀部分可以發(fā)光。這是橋梁的一個(gè)重要特點(diǎn)，這樣一來，照亮了人行道和抵消橋梁寬度占橋梁高度的比例。有鑒于此，這些光也提供了一個(gè)間斷的鐵路形象。</p><p>　　圖4顯示二個(gè)主要的橋梁橫斷面(主墩和中跨的橋墩)。 圖5顯示橋肋中央發(fā)出的光線。</p><p>　　橋梁設(shè)計(jì)的另一個(gè)重要特點(diǎn)是外面懸臂

11、式平板的位置。這些平板使用作為壓縮平板作用在重要橫斷面。因?yàn)閴嚎s位于橫剖面的底部在支持(彎曲的陰性的)，并且在中跨的橫剖面頂部間距(彎曲的正面)壓縮平板沿橋梁軸移動(dòng)是使它每個(gè)部分更加發(fā)揮出最大承載能力，這一個(gè)老想法在科教文組織巴黎大廈使用過。這一特點(diǎn)也產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)有吸引力的設(shè)計(jì)，提供了高效的結(jié)構(gòu)和極具審美價(jià)值的結(jié)構(gòu)。</p><p>　　基礎(chǔ)，雖然從美觀角度進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行優(yōu)選，但事實(shí)上他們的高度不可能小的，并提供足夠

12、的空間來找到的橋梁奇摩一鍋軸承。垂直渠道的橫截面減少了，這將使引進(jìn)照明的架構(gòu)下的特殊設(shè)計(jì)有待關(guān)注。</p><p>　　圖6顯示了基礎(chǔ)所采用的主要幾何形狀。</p><p>　　大橋錨定在臺(tái)座1，以便吸收列車駛過時(shí)的產(chǎn)生的高強(qiáng)沖擊荷載，這是相當(dāng)于25％的列車重量的力。另一扶垛提供聯(lián)接以及平板支持在墻壁，被設(shè)計(jì)運(yùn)載被認(rèn)為的鐵路擴(kuò)展用具允許橋梁運(yùn)動(dòng)，無需影響鐵路操作性能適應(yīng)。增大空間而引起的在

13、可能在將來使用作為儲(chǔ)蓄空間的扶垛2。</p><p>　　圖7顯示扶垛的主要設(shè)計(jì)形式。</p><p><b>　　4. 最后結(jié)論</b></p><p>　　所提出的橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)方案包括了所有巴達(dá)洛納運(yùn)河未來的體育和漁業(yè)項(xiàng)目的所有設(shè)施。強(qiáng)度高的橋梁才有可能適應(yīng)鐵路線的荷載條件，同時(shí)擁有著來自于其自身結(jié)構(gòu)的合理性、穩(wěn)定性。整個(gè)方案將會(huì)導(dǎo)致一座很經(jīng)濟(jì)

14、的橋梁，它將作為巴達(dá)羅那港的一個(gè)非高成本的象征。</p><p>　　The New Badalona Railway Bridge – A Structure for the City</p><p><b>　　Summary </b></p><p>　　The design of structures in metropolitan h

15、abitats is always a challenge due to the important number of requirements to fulfil. Design especially when it deals with railways or roads has to combine the needs of those infrastructures with the human environment, wh

16、ich is the case of the railway bridge in the city of Badalona. </p><p>　　Nowadays the city area that faces the sea is occupied by contaminating industries. The council is trying to open the city to the Medit

17、erranean Sea, demolishing unsightly and useless buildings and changing the use of the ones with architectural or technical value. Now a beach and a yachting harbour are being built. </p><p>　　A railway line

18、runs parallel to the coast dividing the centre of the city from the shore area. There are no funds to construct a tunnel for the railway line, consequently a bridge has to be built to increase the connection between the

19、centre of the city and the new coast facilities. </p><p>　　A design competition was carried out for a railway bridge, which will cross a new pedestrian area, a part of the new harbour and two streets. The co

20、ntract for the bridge design was awarded to FHECOR Consulting Engineers on the basis of a preliminary design. </p><p>　　The idea of the proposal was to combine functionality, structural rationality, aestheti

21、cs and low construction and maintenance costs. Also the client has the intention to construct the bridge as a landmark that will be the image of the new urban development. </p><p>　　Keywords: Urban Bridge, R

22、ailway, Prestressed, Structural shape. </p><p>　　1. Introduction </p><p>　　Badalona is a major satellite city of Barcelona on the Mediterranean coast. The nucleus of the city is cut off from th

23、e shoreline by the railway line which connects the different suburban centres of Barcelona located along the Mediterranean coast. The railway line is currently one of the Spanish Railway Consortium’s (RENFE) most profita

24、ble passenger lines. Along the railway line industrial buildings have sprung up over the years forming a once important industrial centre but at the same time fur</p><p>　　In order to try to regenerate the c

25、oast and improve its connection with the urban centre, the City of Badalona together with the Comarcal Council of Barcelona have created Marina de Badalona S.A. whose main purpose is to regenerate the urban landscape by

26、 carrying out a major urban development project which includes a port for sport boats and fishing, the reconditioning of existing interesting industrial buildings for other use and the demolishing of more common warehous

27、es and </p><p>　　other constructions in order to make room for apartment and service buildings. </p><p>　　The construction of the new port or marina involves the building of a new canal which

28、will cross the existing railway line extending into the land about 350 m. This canal will serve as parking docks for the boats. </p><p>　　In order to create this new waterway and allow the crossing of the ex

29、isting railway line, a new bridge is needed (see fig 1). In this paper the conception process of this bridge, which will become a symbol of the urban development is described.</p><p>　　2. Main condition to b

30、e fulfilled by the bridge </p><p>　　The main conditions to be fulfilled by the bridge are the following: </p><p>　　·The bridge width must fulfil the horizontal and vertical clearance condi

31、tions of the railway line.</p><p>　　·The depth of the deck needs to be small due to the very strict vertical clearance.</p><p>　　·The horizontal channel clearance needs to be at least

32、45 meters, although it is desirable not to locate any supports within the canal. This last condition results in a main span of at least 72 m.</p><p>　　·The bridge must also leave clearance for port oper

33、ation roads on both sides of the canal and cross over a roundabout carrying local traffic.</p><p>　　·Since it is a railway bridge it cannot be a very light structure. It requires appropriate stiffness a

34、nd bearing capacity.</p><p>　　·In spite of the last point, the bridge is conceived as a symbol of the urban development and therefore aesthetical conditions are of great importance. </p><p&g

35、t;　　·This last point cannot however result in a very expensive structure due to the fact that the budget is very limited and this is a major condition of the project. The cost of the structure must also bear in mind

36、 maintenance issues especially in a structure located next to the shoreline. </p><p>　　FHECOR consulting engineers participated in a contest called by Marina de Badalona S.A. and was awarded the contract of

37、the design of the new bridge with a simple, elegant, economic and structurally efficient solution. </p><p>　　3. Description of the proposed solution </p><p>　　The proposed solution is a 5 span

38、presstressed concrete bridge with spans of 39.00, 78.00, 39.00, 30.00 and 21.00 meters. The cross section is formed by two webs of variable height (the total depth of the bridge varies from 1.90 m – centre of main span a

39、nd access spans - to 6.50 m over de main piers). The deck depth therefore mirrors the bending moment law (see fig. 3).</p><p>　　The webs are connected by means of prefabricated presstressed beams. These beam

40、s form ribs through which the light can shine. This is an important feature of the bridge which is conceived to illuminate the walkways and to counteract the high bridge width to bridge height ratio. This light also offe

41、rs an image for the railroad due to its discontinuity.</p><p>　　Figure 4 shows the two typical bridge cross sections (support at main piers and central span). Figure 5 shows the light effect given by the cen

42、tral opening.</p><p>　　Another important feature of the bridge design is the position of the outer cantilever slabs. These slabs are used as a compression slab at the critical cross sections. Since compressi

43、ons are located at the bottom of the cross section at the supports (negative bending), and at the top of the cross section at centre span the span (positive bending) the compression slab travels along the bridge axis to

44、be at each section where it is more efficient, following an old idea used by Nervi in the UNESCO</p><p>　　The piers, whose design is still being optimised from an aesthetical point of view are conceived as r

45、obust elements due to the fact that given their small height they cannot be very slender and fulfil at the same time resisting conditions and provide enough space to locate the bridge’s pot bearings. The cross section is

46、 reduced by vertical channels which will allow the introduction of lighting under the structure as well as special designs yet to be conceived. </p><p>　　Figure 6 shows the geometry adopted for the main pier

47、s.</p><p>　　The bridge is anchored at abutment 1 in order to absorb the high forces resulting from train breaking, which are equivalent to 25% of the train weight. At the other abutment a joint is provided a

48、s well as a slab supported over walls, designed to carry the railway expansion apparatus meant to allow the bridge movement without affecting the railway serviceability conditions. A large space is thereby generated at a

49、butment 2 which could be used in the future as stock space. Figure 7 shows the main d</p><p>　　4. Final remarks </p><p>　　The proposed structure for the bridging of the Canal of the future sport

50、s and fishing port of Badalona fulfils all the requirements of the project. It is a robust bridge as is necessary for the serviceability of the railway line, it is structurally sound with a special shape derived from its