商務(wù)英語畢業(yè)論文--淺談國際貿(mào)易結(jié)算方式的選擇

1、<p>　　學生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)</p><p>　　題 目： 淺談國際貿(mào)易結(jié)算方式的選擇</p><p>　　姓 名 ： </p><p>　　班級、學號 ： </p><p>　　系 (部) ： 經(jīng)濟管理系

2、 </p><p>　　專 業(yè) ： 商務(wù)英語 </p><p>　　指導(dǎo)教師 ： </p><p>　　開題時間： </p><p>　　完成時間：

3、 </p><p>　　2010 年 月 日</p><p><b>　　目 錄</b></p><p>　　XXXXXXXX學院畢業(yè)設(shè)計任務(wù)書</p><p>　　XXXXXXXXX學院</p><p>　　畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計 成 績 評 定 表</p><p&g

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5、英語 課 題 淺談國際貿(mào)易結(jié)算方式的選擇 </p><p><b>　　課題(論文)提綱</b></p><p><b>　　二、內(nèi)容摘要</b></p><p><b>　　參考文獻</b></p>&l

6、t;p><b>　　四、指導(dǎo)教師意見</b></p><p>　　五、答辯資格審查小組意見</p><p>　　注:學生憑此申請書和設(shè)計(論文)全文參加答辯</p><p>　　The Choice for</p><p>　　International Trade Settlement </p>&

7、lt;p>　　Introduction</p><p>　　The Settlement is essential to the International trade. With the pass of time, the progress of the society, the international trade settlement also changes and become perfect.

8、 Some new settlement were developed inevitable in order to adapt to the changes of trade structure. There’re more and more settlement way for selection.Since the existing way can not meet the practical needs, we must co

9、mbine with several ways of settlement for applications. What are these payment? How can make the most fav</p><p><b>　　Keywords</b></p><p>　　international trade settlement，remittance,

10、 cllection, letter of credit, bank of guarantee.</p><p>　　Chapter One The types of the international trade settlement</p><p>　　International settlement originated in the commodity business bet

11、ween different countries. With international trade and other international exchanges’ expands and continuous development. International settlement experienced from cash settlement to the non-cash settlement. From direct

12、to indirect settlement, international settlement of payment also presents the diversification. At present, according to the international settlement way's status and the function, we can put it into two categories, &

13、lt;/p><p>　　1.1 Remittance </p><p>　　Remittance, is the most common settlement way, just like that we do business with you, after we delivered goods, you pay the money bybank collect. In internatio

14、nal trade, many people deal with business by the international bank.Classified according to different conditions, remittance can be divided into different types. Basis on the different tools we used, it can be divided in

15、to T/T, M/T and D/D. According to the different order between the time of delivery and payment, there’re two kinds of ap</p><p>　　1.2 Cllection </p><p>　　Collection.First, the exporter shall iss

16、ue a bill of exchange to the importer for payment after effected shipment, then entrust a export bank collect payments through it’s the branch or facility agent in the import place. It belongs to commercial credit.

17、There are four partys with cllection, principal, remitting bank, drawee, collecting bank. The principal is exporters. Remitting bank is the bank that the exporter entrusted. Collecting bank is a branch of remitting bank

18、or other precatory bank, </p><p>　　1.3 Letter of Credit</p><p>　　L/C is a common kind settlement in interntional trade. The bank credit is inlvoed in this kind of settlement. Say simply, the ban

19、k pay a role as a guarantor to guarantee the benefits of both parties. Its emergence has significant meaning, not only solved some distrust of contradictions between buyer and seller at some extent, but also can make bot

20、h of parties get bank financing convenience during the process of using L/Ct settlement, It’s facilitating the development of international trade. Ther</p><p>　　1.4 Bank Guarantee</p><p>　　Bank

21、guarantee letters, it is a written certificate issued by a bank according to the application of the beneficiary, to ensure the applicant keep the stipulations of contract. If the applycant fails to keep his obligation, t

22、he bank should pay the charge as his debts.Besides, it also called letter of guanrantee. </p><p>　　The content of Guarantee are varies according to the specific transaction is varied, and without a certain f

23、ormat. As for the relevant the rights and obligations of the regulations, formalities are also have not form a certain practices. If there are some different explanations, one only can stated the explanation according th

24、e file.</p><p>　　1.5 Standby Letter of Credit</p><p>　　Standby letter of credit, which is a kind of special form of settlement. it is also one of the kind of letter of credit, but there are some

25、 differents with the ordinary L/C. It belongs to the financial products, the purpose is leveraged loans, repayment of the debt. Standby letter of credit represents that the issuing bank has certain obligations to the ben

26、eficiary. If the issuing bank fails to fulfill their obligations, the beneficiary can get compensation form the issuing bank with a standby l</p><p>　　Chapter Two  The factors affecting international tr

27、ade settlement way selection     </p><p>　　The kinds of settlement are various.When choose a settlement way one should considering the actual situation, and make a choose after analy

28、se the situation, so that we can get the most favorable results. There are many factors affecting its choice. There simply introduce some factors which influence the choice of settlement way.</p><p>　　2.1 Th

29、e characteristics of international trade settlement  </p><p>　　International trade means some activities that people from different countries and exchange their goods and services. Since the partie

30、s from different countries, the backgrounds, cultural customs and laws are not the same. People should take the cultural difference into consideration when they do business with others . Because this characteristic, inte

31、rnational trade also called world trade. In addition, international trade is done by import trade and export trade two parts, so sometimes it is c</p><p>　　2.2 Client's Credit </p><p>　　In i

32、nternational trade, because both parties are come from different countries, it is inevitably to have some discrenpies in the course of trade. It is good if we can solve it . But once the transaction is collapsed, it may

33、bring capital losses to the businessman. Because the parties come from different countries, and national law is difference, it will bring great difficulties to pretect the party who suffer the losses. Before choosing tra

34、ding partners one should pay very attention on his partn</p><p>　　2.3 International trade terms</p><p>　　In the “international chamber of commerce compiles 2000” ,the incoterms were divide into1

35、3 kinds of trade terms for trading parties choice. Each term there are all sorts of characteristics, suitable situation, especially the involved risks, expenses, duties are very difference. We can according to the terms

36、of delivery of different put it into two main categories, symbolic delivery and actual delivery.</p><p>　　International trade terms is a very important factor people should consider when they do internationa

37、l budiness. In international trade, the two parties’ obligations is different, so the risks they beared are also different. This derectly influence the pirce. With the development of commercial, gradually formed some cer

38、tain quotations which closely combined the trade terms and price together. Those quotations were mentioned the obligations of both parties clearly. After a long time of accumulati</p><p>　　Different trade te

39、rms for buyers and sellers of the liability regulations and risk-sharing is different, so people should choose settlement according to the different trade terms. For symbolic delivery group ,for example CIF and CFR, can

40、choose collection and L/C for payment. For FXW and actual delivery group D terminology, generally would not choose collection as payment. For FOB and FCA such terms, because the transport is arranged by the buyer, the ex

41、porter shall difficult to control the good</p><p>　　2.4 Financial Cost</p><p>　　Different settlement ways, cost of expenses are not the same, in business trade one must consider the cost and cho

42、ose the most appropriate settlement. But sometimes one can not only consider the financial costs the risks, many other factors should be taken into consideration. If only consider the financial cost, the telegraphic tran

43、sfer cost little money and the speed is fast ,and L/C cost a lot .</p><p>　　Chapter Three the application of international trade settlement way </p><p>　　Now, the international trade practice

44、is very complicated, the simple one settlement way always cannot meet the requirements of the parties. Facing the constantly changing market, the comprehensive settlement way is come inevitable. </p><p>　　3.

45、1 L/C with Remittance application combined</p><p>　　For example, An American wants import a very good batch oranges from China. The two parties are not satisfied with the ways of settlement, after consultati

46、on, the parties agree that the deposit part is dealt with T/T, the main parts of payment should deal with L/C. As for the rest money, should be paid by T/T. because do business in this way can meet the requirements of bo

47、th parties, they can solve the problem peaceful.</p><p>　　3.11 open for negotiation</p><p>　　Invite public negotiation terms refers to the issuing bank or the drawee bank guarantee or commitment

48、, whoever drafts drawers, endorsers or legitimate holder, holding listed in the credit terms and issue bills, the drawee bank when honoured. This clause is paying bank to bearer issued common, open and free for negotiati

49、on written invitation. All invoices open negotiation credit bank, generally speaking is good reputation, procedure is simple, bank charges lower bank.</p><p>　　Issuing bank the L/C is through its commitment

50、to the Clause (Clause) or says guarantee Clause to express its public negotiation function.Every letter of credit column has the following terms of commitment, is open for negotiation:</p><p>　　1.We (Issuing

51、 Bank) hereby engage with the drawers, endorsersand  bona - fide holders of draft(s) drawn under and in compliancewith the terms of the credit that such draft(s) shall be duly honoured on due presentation and delive

52、ry of documents as specified. </p><p>　　2. Provided such drafts are drawn and presented in accordance withthe terms of this credit, we hereby engage with the drawers, endorsers and bona - fide holders that t

53、he said drafts shall be duly honoured on presentation. </p><p>　　3.We hereby agree with the drawers，endorsers and bona-fide holdersof drafts drawn under and in compliance with the terms of this credit that t

54、he same shall be duly honoured on due presentation, and negotiated at the Negotiating Bank on or before, 19＿＿＿。 </p><p>　　4.We hereby agree with the drawers, endorsers and bona - fide holders of drafts drawn

55、 in compliance with the terms of the credit that such drafts shall be duly honoured on presentation and paid at maturity. </p><p>　　3.2 Remittance and collection combined</p><p>　　When doing bus

56、iness ,we always pay the down payment by remittance first , and pay another part of payment after effected shipment. The remaining part of the payment shall be paid by collection .</p><p>　　This choice has m

57、any advantages, which can ensure the exporters fulfil their obligation of delivery timely and constraint importers pay the money timely. It speed up the efficiency of settlement, in the meantime, it also can save cost. &

58、lt;/p><p>　　3.3 Letter of credit, Collection and Bank guarantee three combination</p><p>　　This kind of way mostly aims at larger amount, and long cycle of production. Because the amount is huge, s

59、uch trades are often pay deposit first, most of the rest of the payment by the buyer as stipulated in the credit or open add guarantee payment by installment payment or later period. </p><p>　　Such combinati

60、ons can avoid unnecessary expenditure, also can provide an protective effect for documents. Although there are some troubles, but it is a very good choice for this kinds of trade. </p><p>　　3.31Installment &

61、lt;/p><p>　　It refers to the product before production, seller provides export licence photocopy and bank guarantee, the buyer to the seller may pay way first delivery partial payments or deposit, The remaining

62、 payment can be made according to production (or engineering) schedule and delivery schedule installment payments, the buyer an irrevocable l/c payable. In instalment conditions, the last sum payment for goods, be in com

63、monly the seller completed all delivery liability or warranty any expires, after p</p><p>　　3.32The Deferred Payment</p><p>　　The Deferred Payment (late period) refers to the buyer to pay pay a

64、certain proportion of foreign exchange deposit, the rest of the Payment or Payment can be late period solvency, Some also may provide that, according to production (or engineering) schedule and delivery schedule installm

65、ent payment partial payments, most of the rest of the payment on delivery (or finished) after several years installment payment.</p><p>　　Charter Four Conclusion</p><p>　　International trade is

66、 complex, because both parties in different regions, countries, so more increased trade settlement difficulties. No matter use which kinds of international trade settlement way, the most basic premise is to trade square

67、credit status should understand, only two have good prestige, can urge trade smoothly and finish. In trade settlement way choice, try to avoid risk bigger mode, actively adopt insurance or multiple payment offset risk, o

68、nce adopted some form of settlement mu</p><p>　　Choose international trade settlement way whether appropriate, will directly effects the exporter whether can safely and quickly get the money . When people ma

69、ke the choice, not only should consider their own costs and risks, but also should consider the payment terms ,clentis credit of partner and other factors, then try to achieve win-win purpose.. Meanwhile, flexible use of

70、 combination, integrated payment to international trade settlement can let out risk and achieve the success of the transa</p><p>　　Bibliography：</p><p>　　1.國際貿(mào)易結(jié)算 作者：趙益華、仇榮國 北京大學出版社(2007-08出版)&l

71、t;/p><p>　　2.國際貿(mào)易 作者：許斌 北京大學出版社 (2009-09出版)</p><p>　　3.國際貿(mào)易結(jié)算 作者：龐紅 人民大學出版社 出版日期（2007-06）</p><p>　　XXXXXXXXX學院</p><p>　　畢業(yè)論文答辯委員會表決意見</p><p>　　注：畢業(yè)設(shè)計答辯評價等級為: