高考閱讀理解題型_觀點態(tài)度題詳解及練習

1、<p><b>　　后面有練習</b></p><p>　　最后是練習的答案，包括詞匯和難點解析。都是我一個一個字打上去的</p><p>　　高考考綱中對考生閱讀理解部分的要求如下：（1）理解主旨和要義 （2）理解文中具體信息 （3）根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語的含義 （3）根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語的含義 （4）理解說話者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度 （5）理

2、解文章的基本結構</p><p>　　對應有（1）主旨大意題 （2）細節(jié)與推理判斷題 （3）詞義猜測提 （4）觀點態(tài)度題 （5）篇章結構題 五種基本的閱讀理解題型。</p><p>　　今天我們要講的就是五種基本題型之一的觀點態(tài)度題</p><p>　　例一、 [2009年陜西卷]“Old wives’ tales” are beliefs passed d

3、own from one generation to another. For example, most of us remember our parents’ telling us to eat more of certain foods or not to do certain things. Is there any truth in these teachings? Some of them agree with presen

4、t medical thinking, but others have not passed the test of time.</p><p>　　Did your mother ever tell you to eat your carrots because they are good for your eyes? Scientists now report that eating carrots can

5、help prevent a serious eye disease called macular degeneration….</p><p>　　Even though science can tell us that some of our traditional beliefs don’t hold water, there is still a lot of truth in the old wives

6、’ tales. After all, much of this knowledge has been accumulated from thousands of years of experience in family health care. …</p><p>　　54. What is the author’s attitude toward “old wives’ tales” in the text

7、?</p><p>　　A. Subjective B. Objective C. Dissatisfied D. Curious </p><p>　　例二、The internet will open up new vistas (前景), create the global village—you can make new fr

8、iends all around the world. That, at least, is what it promised us. The difficulty is that it did not take the human mind into account. The reality is that we cannot keep relationships with more than a limited number of

9、people. No matter how hard the internet tries to put you in communication, its best efforts will be defeated by your mind.</p><p>　　The problem is twofold（雙重的）. First, there is a limit on the number of peopl

10、e we can hold in mind and have a meaningful relationship with. That number is about 150 and is set by the size of our brain. Second, the quality of your relationships depends on the amount of time you invest （投入）in them.

11、 We invest a lot in a small number of people and then distribute what’s left among as many others as we can. The problem is that if we invest little time in a person, our engagement with that person will d</p><

12、;p>　　This is not, of course, to say that the internet doesn’t serve a socially valuable function. Of course it does. But the question is not that it allows you to increase the size of your social circle to include the

13、 rest of the world, but that you can keep your relationships with your existing friends going even though you have to more to the other side of the world.</p><p>　　In one sense, that’s a good thing. But it a

14、lso has a disadvantage. If you continue to invest in your old friends even though you can no longer see them, then certainly you aren’t using your time to make new friends where you now live. And I suspect that probably

15、isn’t the best use of your time. Meaningful relationships are about being able to communicate with each other, face to face. The internet will slow down the rate with which relationships end, but it won’t stop that happe

16、ning eventually.</p><p>　　75、What is the author’s attitude towards the use of the internet to strengthen relationships?</p><p>　　A. He is uncertain about it. B. He is hopeful of it.</p>

17、;<p>　　C. He approves of it. D. He doubts it.</p><p>　　例三、This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best,the people who want to improve th

18、eir lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The end result is that we feel like we can’t focus or that we’re focused on the wrong things,and so we take less action, make less progress, and stay the

19、 same when we could be improving.</p><p>　　30、What is the author’s attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?</p><p>　　A.Tolerant B.Doubtful C.Respectful D.Supportive</p>&

20、lt;p>　　引類問題的幾種提問方式</p><p>　　(1)What’s the writer’s attitude to …?</p><p>　　(2)What’s the tone of the passage?</p><p>　　(3)The author’s view is _______</p><p>　　(4)Th

21、e writer’s attitude of .this passage is apparently _________</p><p>　　(5)The author’s opinion could be best described as_________</p><p>　　(6)Which of the following statements would the author b

22、e LEAST /MOST likely to agree with?</p><p>　　(7)Which of the following statements indicates the author’s attitude toward ____?</p><p>　　推測作者的寫作意圖時，必須要先了解文章的主題，然后分析作者的論述方法、論述重點和材料的安排。故事類記敘文的目的通常是

23、娛樂讀者 ；廣告類英文文的目的一般是為了推銷產(chǎn)品或者服務 ；議論文的目的是要闡述觀點 ；科普、文化類說明文的目的大多是介紹知識，幫助大家廣文博見 。</p><p>　　大家做題之前，應先熟悉在考題中常常出現(xiàn)的表示態(tài)度的詞匯。</p><p>　　表示客觀的詞：objective, impartial, neutral（中立的），disinterested

24、無私的 unbiased沒有偏見的unprejudiced公平的，無偏見的 factual事實的，實際的 informative提供信息的</p><p>　　主觀的/偏見的：subjective, prejudiced, biased, partial</p><p>　　漠不關心：Indifferent, uninterested, carefree, detached, un

25、concerned</p><p>　　困惑、迷茫不知所措的：confused, perplexed, puzzled, ambiguous</p><p>　　感情色彩深、程度深：enthusiastic, strong, completely, radical</p><p>　　程度較淺，謹慎的：preserved, qualified, tempered,

26、guarded</p><p>　　積極意義的：positive肯定的，積極的favorable贊成的，有利的consent贊成，同意supportive支持的，支援的defensive辯護的，保衛(wèi)的optimistic樂觀的confident自信的，確信的respectful尊敬的approval贊成，承認sympathetic贊成，支持 humorous幽默的 sober清醒的</p>&l

27、t;p>　　消極意義的：negative否定的，消極的critical批評的sarcastic（諷刺的）worried焦慮的，擔心的pessimistic悲觀的apprehensive憂慮的opposed反對的suspicious懷疑的doubtful可疑的，不確定的ironic說反話的，諷刺的disapproval不贊成objection反對，不贊成opposition反對criticism批評，批判 indignant氣憤的&

28、lt;/p><p>　　做觀點態(tài)度題時要注意：</p><p>　　1.注意不要把我們自己的好惡態(tài)度糅進其中，不要用帶有主觀傾向的視角評判作者態(tài)度。</p><p>　　2.作者引用別人的觀點時，我們勿必分辨清楚作者引用的觀點是作為支持還是反對的例證，要注意區(qū)分作者本人的態(tài)度和作者引用的觀點的態(tài)度。</p><p>　　3.有作者觀點、態(tài)度是指作

29、者對陳述的觀點是贊同、反對還是猶豫不定。對記敘或描寫的人、物或事件等是贊頌、同情、冷漠、憎恨。作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩旺旺隱含在文章的字里行間，或流露于修飾的詞語之中。因此，在推斷過程中，應特別注意文中作者的措辭，尤其是表達感情色彩的形容詞或者副詞如：fortunately, excessively, too many等</p><p><b>　　練習</b></p>&

30、lt;p>　　一、You may not have heard of Ashoka，but for the past 27 years，this association，founded by Bill Drayton，has fought poverty（貧困）and sickness，promoted education and encouraged small businesses. To support these wort

31、hy causes，Ashoka provides money for the world’s most promising “changemakers” seeking to solve（解決）urgent problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker.</p><p>　　75、The aut

32、hor’s attitude towards Ashoka’s program can be described as . </p><p>　　A.changing B.forgiving C.cautious D.positive</p><p>　　二、[2009年浙江卷]Four people in England, back in 1953, stared a

33、t photo 51. It wasn’t much -–a picture showing a black X. But three of these people won the Nobel Prize for figuring out what the photo really showed—the shape of DNA. The discovery brought fame and fortune to scientists

34、 James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Willkins. The fourth, the one who actually made the picture, was left out.</p><p>　　Her name was Rosalind Franklin. “if her photo hadn’t been there, the others could

35、n’t have come up with the structure.” one reason Franklin was missing was that she had died of cancer four years before the Nobel decision. But now scholars doubt that Franklin was not only robbed of her life by disease

36、but robbed of credit by her competitions.</p><p><b>　　…</b></p><p>　　What she did was produce X-ray pictures that told Watson and Crick that one of their early models was inside out.

37、 And she was not shy about saying so. That angered Watson, who attacked her in return,” …</p><p>　　As Franklin’s competitors, Wilkins, Watson and Crick had much to gain by cutting her out of the little group

38、 of researchers…Watson wrote his book laughing at her. Crick wrote in 1974 that “Franklins was only two steps away from the solution.”</p><p>　　No, Franklin was the solution. “She contributed more than any o

39、ther player to solving the structure of DNA. She must be considered a co-discoverer,” …</p><p>　　64. What is the writer’s attitude toward Wilkins, Watson and Crick?</p><p>　　A Disapproving. B

40、. Respectful. C. Admiring. D. Doubtful.</p><p>　　三、 [2009全國I卷]</p><p>　　We spent about two hours in Nancy, then sailed on the Canal de la Marne au Rhine. Kind of a lazy day, eating breakfast,

41、lunch, and dinner. After dinner we watched a tape on Baccarat, where we will visit tomorrow.</p><p>　　It was pleasant to sit out on deck (甲板) and watch the scenery go by at about 3 mph.</p><p>　

42、　Today we sailed from Schneckenbush to Saverne. We went through two caves, an extremely unusual part of the journey. This river scenery is very different. We were in a mountain valley with grassland on one side and a for

43、est beginning to show some color on the other.</p><p>　　79. What does the author think of the tour? </p><p>　　A. Tiring. B. Expensive. C. Enjoyable. D. Quick.</p><p>　　四

44、、Why do people take part in such activities as these? Some psychologists（心理學家）suggest that it is because life in modern societies has become safe and boring. Not very long ago, people's lives were constantly in dange

45、r. They had to go out and hunt for food, diseases could not easily be cured and life was a continuous battle for survival（生存）. </p><p>　　Nowadays, according to many people, life offers little excitement. The

46、y live and work in comparatively safe conditions; they buy food in shops; and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill. The answer for some of these people is to look for danger in activities

47、 such as bungee jumping. </p><p>　　The writer of the text has a ____ attitude towards dangerous sports.</p><p>　　A. positive（肯定的） B. neg

48、ative（否定的） C. neutral （中立的）　 D. Nervous</p><p>　　五、Well, I had nothing against feeling great and if Alex could jog every day, anyone could. So I took up jogging seriously and gave it a good two months of my

49、 life, and not a day more. Based on my experience, jogging is the most overvalued form of exercise around. And judging from the number of the people who left our neighborhood jogging army, I'm not alone in my opinion

50、. (2008年浙江卷D篇)</p><p>　　54. What was the writer’s attitude towards jogging in the beginning?</p><p>　　A. He felt it was worth a try.</p><p>　　B. He was very fond of it.</p>&

51、lt;p>　　C. He was strongly against it.</p><p>　　D. He thought it must be painful.</p><p>　　六、[2009年浙江卷]In ancient Egypt, the pharaoh(法老) treated the poor message runner like a prince when he a

52、rrived at the palace, if he brought good news. However, if the exhausted runner had the misfortune to bring the pharaoh unhappy news, his head was cut off.</p><p>　　Shades of that spirit spread over today’s

53、conversations. Once a friend and I packed up some peanut butter and sandwiches for an outing. As we walked light-heartedly out the door, picnic basket in hand, a smiling neighbor looked up at the sky and said, “Oh boy, b

54、ad day for a picnic. The weatherman says it’s going to rain.” I wanted to strike him on the race with the peanut butter and sandwiches. Not for his stupid weather report, for his smile.</p><p>　　It’s not the

55、 news that makes someone angry. It’s the unsympathetic attitude with which it’s delivered. …</p><p>　　57. In the writer’s opinion, his neighbor was ________.</p><p>　　A. friendly B. warm-h

56、earted C. not considerate D. not helpful</p><p>　　七、On the first day of my visit, we went out with one of my father's friends for lunch at an outdoor café. We walked along that afternoon,

57、did some shopping, ate at the street table, and laughed over my son's funny facial expressions. Gone was my father's critical(挑剔的) air and strict rules. Who was this person I knew as my father, who seemed so frie

58、ndly and interesting to be around? What had held him back before? (2008年全國卷I A篇)</p><p>　　58. What does the author think of her father after her visit to Tucson?</p><p>　　A. More critical. B. M

59、ore talkative. C. Gentle and friendly. D. Strict and hard-working.</p><p>　　需要強調(diào)的是，學生在解答作者觀點、態(tài)度和意圖題時往往易犯主觀臆斷、憑空想象、隨意揣測、以自己的觀點代替作者的觀點等錯誤。因此，要特別注意以下幾個問題：</p><p>　　對于新聞報道，作者往往持中立態(tài)度。而對于議論文，作者的態(tài)度要么

60、支持，要么反對，帶中立色彩的選項常常是錯誤的。同時，感情色彩過于強烈的表達也應該排除。</p><p>　　不要加入自己的態(tài)度。要注意區(qū)分考察的是作者的態(tài)度還是作者引用的別人的態(tài)度</p><p>　　當作者的態(tài)度沒有明確提出時，要根據(jù)作者在文章中所運用的具有褒貶含義的詞語去判斷作者的態(tài)度，如wonderfully，successfully，unfortunately，doubtful等。

61、</p><p>　　注意辨認那些是事實，哪些是觀點，并在此基礎上將上下文聯(lián)系起來分析，最后確認文章所陳述的內(nèi)容到底代表了作者的觀點</p><p><b>　　課后練習：</b></p><p>　　一、Autumn means different things to different people．“It all depends on y

62、our personality，”said British naturalist Richard Mabey．“Personality shapes your view of the season，”he said．“You may see it as a fading-away，a packing up（結束），or as a time of packing in another sense—the exciting gatherin

63、g of resources before a long journey．”</p><p>　　If this is true，perhaps it tells us a little about，for instance，Thomas Hood，the 19th Century English poet．About November，he wrote：</p><p>　　No war

64、mth，no cheerfulness，no healthful ease</p><p>　　No shade，no shine，no butterflies，no bees</p><p><b>　　November!</b></p><p>　　On the other hand，another English poet John Ke

65、ats，already sensing he was seriously ill，was inspired by a late September day to pen one of the most famous poems in the English language，To Autumn．He wrote to a friend afterwards that there was something comforting

66、 and healing about it．</p><p>　　According to Richard Mabey，Keats has the biological evidence on his side．Autumn is not a time of slowing down，but a time of new beginnings and great movements of creatures．For

67、 example，just at the moment that Keats’s “gathering swallows”（in To Autumn）are departing for Africa，millions of creatures are fleeing from the frozen north like Iceland，Greenland and Russia to winter along the

68、east and south coasts of Britain．According to scientists，before falling，the leaves transfer their chlorophyll（葉綠素）a</p><p>　　A century after Keats，the American poet Loren Eiseley wrote in his journal：“Suppos

69、e we saw ourselves burning like maples in a golden autumn．And that we could break up like autumn leaves．．． dropping their substance like chlorophyll．Would not our attitude towards death be different?”</p><

70、;p>　　1、From Thomas Hood’s poem，we may infer that ______．</p><p>　　A.he suffered a lot from cold November</p><p>　　B.he missed the shining summer days very much</p><p>　　C.he had

71、a negative attitude towards autumn</p><p>　　D.he enjoyed butterflies and bees very much</p><p>　　2、In autumn，leaves turn yellow before falling because ______．</p><p>　　A.they can’t

72、bear the freezing</p><p>　　B.they can’t get enough water from the wood part</p><p>　　C.chlorophyll and carbohydrates have been lost through leaves</p><p>　　D.chlorophyll and carbohy

73、drates have come back to the wood part</p><p>　　3、From the passage we can learn that ______．</p><p>　　A.autumn has different faces in different people’s eyes</p><p>　　B.John Keats w

74、as a good biologist as well as a poet</p><p>　　C.all creatures move from the cold north to Britain for winter</p><p>　　D.the three poets were only known for their poems about autumn</p>&

75、lt;p>　　4、Which word can best describe Loren Eiseley’s attitude towards autumn?</p><p>　　A.Fearful． B.Optimistic． C.Doubtful． D.Realistic．</p><p>　　5、What does the underlined senten

76、ce mean?</p><p>　　A.Man can never live long，just as leaves must leave the tree annually．</p><p>　　B.Man is different from autumn leaves，which will come again the next spring．</p><p>

77、;　　C.Man should have a positive attitude towards death，quite different from autumn leaves．</p><p>　　D.Man should treat death calmly，just as autumn leaves fall to the ground．</p><p>　　二、When I wa

78、s young I wanted to be a model，so when a national contest was staged，I convinced my parents to take me for an audition（試演）．I was selected and told I had potential．They said that for only $900 I could attend a weekend eve

79、nt which dozens of the most prestigious（有聲望的）modeling agencies from around the world would attend．At 13，my hopes of fame and fortune clouded all judgment and I begged my parents to let me go．We have never been rich，but t

80、hey saw my enthusiasm and agreed．</p><p>　　I imagined being signed by some famous model companies．For months，any boredom or disappointment I faced was pushed aside because I knew 1 would soon have the chance

81、 to be a real model．I thought I would grace the covers of famous magazines!</p><p>　　Of course，1 wasn’t signed，but what hurt the most was being told that if I grew to 5′9″（about 1.75 metres）I could be a succ

82、ess．I prayed for a growth spurt（沖刺）because I could not imagine giving up my dream．I made an appointment with a local modeling agency and the agent demanded $500 for classes，$500 for a photo shoot，and $300 for other expen

83、ses．My parents only agreed after hours and hours of my begging．</p><p>　　The agency sent me out on a few auditions，but with every day I didn’t receive a call，I grew more depressed．The final straw came i

84、n July after I had decided to focus on commercial modeling．There was an open call in New York City．We spent hours driving and another few hours waiting，only to be told that 1 was too short．I was devastated（極度不安的）．</p&

85、gt;<p>　　Years later，I realized that the trip to New York was good as it made me notice I didn’t actually love modeling，just the idea of it．I wanted to be special and I was innocently determined to reach an imposs

86、ible goal．The experience has made me stronger and that will help me in the future．</p><p>　　1、What’s the main reason why the author wanted to be a model?</p><p>　　A.She won a national contest．&l

87、t;/p><p>　　B.She wanted to get reputation and wealth．</p><p>　　C.She was urged by some modeling agencies．</p><p>　　D.She had full potential to be a successful model．</p><p&g

88、t;　　2、What’s the author’s parents’ attitude toward her dream?</p><p>　　A.Encouraging． B.Worried． C.Doubtful． D.Enthusiastic．</p><p>　　3、What was it that made the author end her attem

89、pt to become a model?</p><p>　　A.Her parents were strongly against it．</p><p>　　B.She realized that it was impossible for her．</p><p>　　C.Even a local modeling agency turned her dow

90、n．</p><p>　　D.She realized that she didn’t actually love the idea of modeling．</p><p>　　4、The underlined phrase “The final straw” probably means ______．</p><p>　　A.the last in a ser

91、ies of bad things that happen to make someone very upset，angry，etc</p><p>　　B.the final result that she was admitted by the model company</p><p>　　C.the final audition given by the agency</p&

92、gt;<p>　　D.the decision that she made at last not to be a model any more</p><p>　　5、What did the author learn from her experience of struggling to be a model?</p><p>　　A.Where there’s a w

93、ill there’s a way．</p><p>　　B.Being a model is not that easy．</p><p>　　C.We should have our own judgment and should not just follow others．</p><p>　　D.We might set unpractical goals

94、 but the experience can help us grow．</p><p>　　三、Nowadays more and more traditional businessmen feel worried that growing e-commerce will decrease their share of the market．</p><p>　　According t

95、o a survey，90％ of some people’s purchases are made on the computer．As they find that by being able to go shopping online and choose the things that they need，and have them delivered right to their doorsteps，they cou

96、ld no longer be bothered with driving，the crowds，the noise of that，and they usually get a better selection．But sometimes they are cheated only to get the things they hate．</p><p>　　Cornell University Marketi

97、ng Professor Edward McLaughlin says traditional stores can keep their customers by offering goods like clothing，which customers may want to see and try on before purchasing，as well as items that are difficult to transpor

98、t．He says some traditional stores are also pleasing customers with services such as setting up or repairing computers and other electronic equipment．</p><p>　　Traditional stores also offer social experiences

99、 that some shoppers enjoy．There is still a lot of emotion in the buying decision that takes place．Often times，you need that last sense of “this is exactly what I want before you part with money．And you can’t always get t

100、hat online．It’s a rather cold process．</p><p>　　As more and more people have Internet access and smart phones，online commerce is likely to continue its growth here in the United States and in other countries

101、．</p><p>　　1、Traditional businessmen feel upset because ______．</p><p>　　A.people like to have their goods taken good care of</p><p>　　B.growing online sales will seize their share