結(jié)構(gòu)與詞匯

1、2024年3月17日星期日,1,2011年12月《基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)一》課程 考前輔導(dǎo)答疑,2011年12月,,關(guān)于此次答疑,這里是英語(yǔ)考前串講室，我是黃老師，歡迎各位同學(xué)的觀看！今天的串講主要包括: 英語(yǔ)考試重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析和復(fù)習(xí)題的講解，時(shí)間為1小時(shí)30分鐘希望今天的串講會(huì)對(duì)你的考試有所幫助！,2024年3月17日,考試要求,特點(diǎn)：基礎(chǔ)水平檢測(cè)性考試考試目標(biāo)：　　“基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)” 的考試目標(biāo)旨在全面檢查學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀

2、、寫(xiě)各項(xiàng)技能的基本能力?？忌鷳?yīng)掌握基本的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)和詞匯，具備運(yùn)用不同的閱讀技巧獲取信息的能力以及用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行口頭和筆頭交際的基本能力。,2024年3月17日,復(fù)習(xí)題題型分析,一、結(jié)構(gòu)與詞匯二、選擇題：以詞代詞三、閱讀理解四、漢譯英五、英譯漢,2024年3月17日,結(jié)構(gòu)與詞匯,1. At first ______ , he looks like the famous.a look b glance c g

3、limpse d peep解析：Look仔細(xì)看。 glance n.“一眼，看一眼”，粗略地匆匆看一眼。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作過(guò)程，常常用give / take a glance at。例如：The man gave me a glance。 glimpse n .“一瞥，瞥見(jiàn)”。無(wú)意識(shí)地一看，所見(jiàn)并不一定全面。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作結(jié)果，常用catch / get a glimpse of 。 I caught a glimpse of the b

4、eautiful house as train went by. peep強(qiáng)調(diào)的是偷偷看。題意：乍一看，他像個(gè)名人。答案：b,2. They are nice boys and I'm sure you'll get on _________ them very well. a by b with c toward d beside解析：get on with sb

5、very well與某人相處的很好，固定詞組答案：b 3. "I'm going to the theater tonight." "So _______." a shall I b am I c do I d I am解析：“So do we”句型。 在別人說(shuō)某某人怎么樣時(shí)，某某也怎么樣用這個(gè)句型。 So是不變的 。如果前一句謂語(yǔ)是行為

6、動(dòng)詞 那么就用do，人稱(chēng)和時(shí)態(tài)變化，如果是單三就用does，如果是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，就用did,注意！答案：b,4. We bought this house ___ its convenience. It’s very near the shops and where I work. a at b in c for d to解析：for表示原因答案： c 5.Jane was

7、dressed in brown ______ Mary was dressed in blue. a while b as c and d since 解析：While conj. 然而；使用時(shí)前面后有對(duì)比和比較as conj. 因?yàn)?；隨著；雖然；依照；當(dāng)…時(shí)And conj. 和Since conj.因?yàn)?，由于；相?dāng)于because答案：a,6.When will the tra

8、in _____？ a go b leave out c depart d start解析： 火車(chē)什么時(shí)候開(kāi)？用depart或leave答案： c 7. I suggested that we _____ home.a went b should go c will go d have gone 解析：虛擬語(yǔ)氣，suggest +主語(yǔ)+(should) +V答

9、案： b 8. Have you ____ your luggage?a declared b checked c found d got 解析：報(bào)關(guān)用declare,固定用法答案： a,9.He was ________ for the army because of his poor eyesight.a rejected b returned c accepted

10、 d admitted解析：根據(jù)句意，他應(yīng)該是被拒絕了，這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)只有A表達(dá)的是拒絕答案： a10. _____ the books and see if we have enough for each child to have one. a Count out b Count down c Count on d Count up解析：清點(diǎn)書(shū)，看夠不夠一人一本。Count out清點(diǎn)；count do

11、wn倒計(jì)時(shí)；count on指望，依靠；count up共計(jì)答案： a,11. They were obliged ____ their house in order to pay their debts.a to sell b to selling c to be sold d to being sold解析：be obliged to do sth不得不做某事答案： a

12、 12. When trapped in drifting sands流沙, do not struggle, or you will be _______ in deeper. a absorbed b pushed c heaved d sucked解析：suck 吸　　 sucking and refreshing 吸一口精神百倍　　 refreshment 茶點(diǎn) 　absorb

13、吸收并成為一部分；招收會(huì)員　 heave 舉起答案： d,13. He was driven ____ to steal food for his starving . a in necessity b with necessity c by necessity d on necessity解析：drive: v. （迫）使某人做某事. 成功的壓力誘使孩子們作弊by neces

14、sity 不得已，不可避免的答案： c 14. Before reading the newspaper , I’d like to _______ through it .a go b pass c look d read 解析：go through瀏覽，翻遍 答案： a 15. No one knows about ho

15、w many elements it is that ________ most of the substances we meet in everyday life. a consist of b are composed ofc make up d are made up of 解析： make up組成；consist of包括

16、 how many elements make up most of the substances 答案： c,16. No one was surprised at the change in Bank Rate, ________ confidently expected by investors.a having already been b to have already beenc it hav

17、ing already been d it to have already been解析：原因狀語(yǔ)，bd表示將來(lái)時(shí)，ac表示完成時(shí)答案： c 17. He is imbued（灌輸） ______ an adventurous spirit, with new ideas.a on b with c in d to 解析：imbue with灌輸（某人

18、）強(qiáng)烈的情感或意見(jiàn)答案： b,18. You should be ______ to tell such lies.a shame b shameful c ashamed d shamed 解析：be ashamed to do sth以…為恥 答案： c19. Sailing down the Yangtze River, _______.a terrible accident h

19、appened b a boat collided with the shipc the boat collided with a ship d I saw a terrible accident to happen解析：伴隨狀語(yǔ)。是由一個(gè)主語(yǔ)發(fā)出兩個(gè)動(dòng)作或同一個(gè)主語(yǔ)處于兩種狀態(tài)，或同一個(gè)主語(yǔ)發(fā)出一個(gè)動(dòng)作時(shí)又伴隨有某一種狀態(tài)。伴隨狀語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)一般情況下必須是全句的主語(yǔ)，伴隨狀語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表

20、示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是同時(shí)發(fā)生的。答案： c,20. Helen apologized for ______ the party. a her not being able to attend b her being not able to attendc her being able not to attend d not her being able to attend解析：apologize

21、for +(not)doing sth;為做了（沒(méi)做）什么而道歉答案： a21. It wasn’t a recorded show , it’s ____.a alive b living c lively d live解析：這不是錄像帶，而是實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播的Alive:活著的；living：現(xiàn)存的，逼真的；lively:活潑的Live:實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播的答案： d,22. Such crim

22、es may be so complex that months or years go by before anyone ______them.a discovered b will discoverc would have discovered d discovers解析：這樣的犯罪如此的復(fù)雜以至于幾個(gè)月甚至幾年之后才能被人發(fā)現(xiàn)。用一般 現(xiàn)在時(shí)答案： d

23、23. Rod is determined to get a seat for the concert _______it means standing in a queue all night.a as if b even if c provided d whatever 解析:even if相當(dāng)于even though，在此引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，作"即使，即便"講。答案： b,2

24、4. The new style hand bag caters _______ young ladies.a of b in c for d at 解析：cater for迎合；滿(mǎn)足，為…提供需要 新款手提包迎合了年輕女性的需要答案： c25. Though she is a director in a big firm. She also lik

25、es ______life.a do minuet b foreign c domestic d daily 解析：盡管她是大公司的主管，她也喜歡家庭生活。 domestic：家庭的，一心只管家務(wù)的答案： c,二、選擇：以詞代替詞26. Because he always took care of his lawn-cutting（草地） and window washing jobs o

26、n time, John acquired a fame as a good worker.a reputation b reward c respect d recognition解析：fame:名聲 reputation (名聲) ；reward （報(bào)酬） respect （尊重） ；recognition（認(rèn)識(shí)）答案： a27. I got a pen and drew a pictur

27、e of that stranger.a depiction b sketch c pattern d line解析： depiction（描寫(xiě)，描述） ； sketch（素描，略圖） ； pattern（圖案，樣品） line （路線(xiàn)）答案： b,28. These two ideas must be kept separate one from the other.a distinct b

28、 different c distinguish d divided 解析：separate做adj，不同的；同義詞是different答案： b29. Some people seem to be always lucky.a prosperous b favorable c fortunate d advantageous 解析： prosperous繁榮的，興旺的； favorable有利的；

29、 fortunate 幸運(yùn)的；advantageous 有利的，有益的答案： c30. Our supplies are running low now.a over b down c short d out解析：我們的供應(yīng)不足，短缺 short（短缺的，不足的） 答案： c,31. We can generally rely on our families to help us

30、during a time of emergency.（依賴(lài)，依靠）a depend on b keep on c keep to d make sure解析：rely on 依賴(lài)，依靠答案： a 32. The shopkeeper hadn’t sufficient space to display his goods.a show off b show up c pl

31、ace d store 解析：沒(méi)有足夠的地方放他的商品答案： c 33. Young should always have respect for old age.a regard b affection c admiration d care 解析：regard尊重； affection 喜愛(ài)； admiration羨慕 Care 關(guān)懷，照料答案：

32、 a,34. He spoke so casually, as though the matter was of little significance.a importance b result c meaning d circumstance 解析：significance:重要性；importance：重要性；result:結(jié)果；meaning:意圖； circumstance

33、：環(huán)境答案： a35. The following spring I made one of my rare trips to New York to lunch with a friend.（稀有的）a regular b only c common d uncommon 解析：rare: 少有的，稀有的；regular:定期的，有規(guī)律的；only:僅有的； commo

34、n：通常的，平常的；uncommon:不尋常的；罕有的答案： d,閱讀理解,Passage 1If an animal is moved from its home in the tropics to cold climate, it will die if it is not kept warm. And animals accustomed to cold climates will die if they are moved

35、to the tropics. Many plants, too, will die if they are removed from the place where they normally grow and are transplanted into an unfamiliar soil. Almost every species is adapted to live in a particular place by its or

36、gans and their functions and by its permanent habits. The specialized adaptation has great advantages. For it enables many organisms to survive under different conditions. It also has disadvantages, for it means that t

37、he life of most species is controlled by local conditions. Living things are not scattered over the earth at random; most species have definite habits for living places. Ecology is the study of how organisms live in thei

38、r environment. This means finding out how an organism survives and reproduces in certain surroundings. By environment we mean not only the soil and the climate but also the living things of the same species and other spe

39、cies, plant or animal.,Most living things are slaves to their environment. Some can alter certain features of their environment to suit themselves; a beaver (海貍), for example, can make ponds by building dams; many birds

40、and insects can build elaborate nests to provide shelter for their young. But these skills are restricted and highly specialized. Most organisms must adapt their bodies to fit in with their surroundings, and since they c

41、an adapt only for particular surroundings, they are found only in places where they can live successfully with the least effort.Plants find these favorable places by trial and errors(反復(fù)試驗(yàn)，不斷摸索). The wind carries their s

42、eeds and spores (芽孢) great distances. If the seeds land in a favorable environment they grow and reproduce. If they are deposited in an unfavorable environment they die. Animals, on the other hand, search until they find

43、 a favorable environment.,譯文：一種動(dòng)物如果將其從其熱帶家園搬到氣候寒冷的地方，如果不進(jìn)行保暖它就會(huì)死，習(xí)慣在寒冷氣候生活的動(dòng)物移到熱帶也會(huì)死。許多植物也是這樣，如果將他們從正常生長(zhǎng)的地方移到不相似的土壤里他們也會(huì)死。幾乎每一個(gè)物種由于器官、功能及生活習(xí)性的特殊而適應(yīng)生活在特殊的地方。專(zhuān)業(yè)化的適應(yīng)性有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)。如他能使許多生物生活在自己的環(huán)境中。當(dāng)然也有壞處，因?yàn)樗馕吨蠖鄶?shù)生物的生活是由當(dāng)?shù)氐沫h(huán)境控制的

44、。生物不是隨意散落在世界各地生活的，大多數(shù)的生物有明確的生活場(chǎng)所。生態(tài)學(xué)是研究有機(jī)體如何在自己的環(huán)境里生活的。這意味著能夠找出一個(gè)生物群在某種環(huán)境下是如何生存和繁殖的。這里的環(huán)境，我們不僅指的是土壤和氣候，還有相同種類(lèi)和其他種類(lèi)的生物，植物或動(dòng)物。大多數(shù)的生物是環(huán)境的奴隸。但有些生物可以改變他們生存環(huán)境的某些功能使其適合自己，例如，一個(gè)海貍，通過(guò)修建水壩為自己建造池塘，許多鳥(niǎo)和昆蟲(chóng)會(huì)建造復(fù)雜的巢來(lái)給他們的幼崽提供住所。但是這些技能是有

45、限的而且是高度專(zhuān)業(yè)化的。大多數(shù)生物必須讓他們的身體應(yīng)他們的周?chē)沫h(huán)境，即使是他們只能接受特殊的周?chē)h(huán)境，他們也會(huì)用最小的努力找到僅能讓他們能夠成功生存的地方。植物通過(guò)不斷的摸索能夠找到他們喜歡的地方。風(fēng)能帶著他們的種子和牙孢到很遠(yuǎn)的地方。如果這些種子落在喜歡的環(huán)境，就會(huì)生長(zhǎng)繁殖。如果他們落在不適的環(huán)境就會(huì)死掉。另一方面，動(dòng)物會(huì)不斷尋找直到他們找到自己喜歡的環(huán)境。,36.The main idea of this passage can

46、 be summarized as: ________.a Different habits of animals and plantsb Living things and their surroundingsc Plants and animals: slaves of their surroundingsd Animals' ability to adapt themselves to their surro

47、undings解析：本文主要講述了生物和自己的生存環(huán)境之間的事情。答案： b37. What is meant by adaptation?a The ability of living things to survive in a particular place under difficult conditionb The control of most species of living things by loca

48、l conditions.c The ability of living things to get familiar with their surroundings.d The permanent habits of most living things.解析：該題目和Almost every species is adapted to live in a particular place by its organs and

49、their functions and by its permanent habits. 有關(guān)。答案： c,38. Living things can adapt themselves to their surroundings mainly through ____.a their organs and the organs' specific functionsb their specialized permanent

50、 habitsc their least effort in living conditionsd Both A and B.解析：該題和第一段Almost every species is adapted to live in a particular place by its organs and their functions and by its permanent habits有關(guān)。答案：d39. Animals

51、 are different from plants mainly in that _________.a they can more or less alter their surroundingsb their organs are highly specialized to their surroundingsc they are looking for a favorable environment for their s

52、urvivald they usually have their own local living conditions解析：本題對(duì)應(yīng)最后一段Animals, on the other hand, search until they find a favorable environment.答案：c40. Implied but not stated: ________.a Animals are not completely

53、 restricted or confined to their surroundingb Plants are completely confined to their surroundingsc Surroundings sometimes can easily be altered by animalsd The specialized adaptation is very important for animals, pl

54、ants as well as human beings答案：d,Passage 2 Every human being, no matter what he is doing, gives off body heat. The usual problem is how to dispose of it. But the designers of the Johnstown campus of the Universit

55、y of Pittsburgh set themselves the opposite problem-how to collect body heat. They have designed a collection system which utilizes not only body heat, but the heat given off by such objects as light bulbs and refrigerat

56、ors as well. the system works so well that no conventional fuel is needed to make the campus’ six buildings comfortable. Some parts of most modern buildings-theaters and offices as well as classrooms -are more than amply

57、 heated by people and lights and sometimes must be air -conditioned even in winter. The technique of saving heat and redistributing it is called “heat recovery.” A few modern buildings recover heat, but the University’s

58、system is the first to recover heat from some buildings and re-use it in others. Along the way, Pitt has learned a great deal about some of its heat producers. the harder a student studies, the more heat his body g

59、ives off. Male Students emit more hear than female students, and the larger an student, the more heat he produces. It is tempting to conclude that the hottest prospect for the Johnstown campus would be a hard-working, ov

60、erweight male genius.,41. Which of the following is true of the heating system of the Johnstown campus?A. The heat is supplied by human bodies only.B. The heat is supplied by both human bodies and other heart emitting

61、objects. C. The heat is supplied by both human bodies and conventional fuel. D. The heat is supplied by human bodies, other heat-emitting objects, and conventional fuel .解析： 答案在第一段的第三句中。他們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了一種收集系統(tǒng)，它不但利用身體的熱，還收集由燈泡、冰箱

62、等散發(fā)出來(lái)的熱。有了這兩種熱能，作者指出在校園中已無(wú)需任何conventional fuel答案：B42. Until recently, body heat has caused problems because it_______.A. was difficult to collect B. came in a variety of forms C. was difficult to get rid of D.

63、 tended to be absorbed by physical objects解析：答案是開(kāi)頭的第二句：The usual problem is how to dispose of it。Dispose of “處理解決”。答案：C,43. The phrase “even in winter” most nearly means_______.A. if the winter is especially warmB. d

64、uring all of the year except the winter C. in the winter was well as in other seasons D. during the evenings in the winter解析：第二段中說(shuō)：大多數(shù)現(xiàn)代化的大樓有些部分—戲院、辦公室以及教室是用人體和燈光的熱來(lái)供熱的，有時(shí)候甚至在冬天的空調(diào)也是由它們來(lái)供熱。Even意為“甚至”。 答案：C44. “Heat

65、 recovery” refers to a _______.A. method of concealing the source of heat B. special form of air conditioning C. supplementary hot water system D. way of reclaiming and re-using heat.解析：回收再利用熱能。此題考察學(xué)生對(duì)全文的總

66、結(jié)能力，以及reclaim和re-use的詞義答案：D,45. According to passage, which of the following would produce the LEAST amount of heat?A. A gat female who studies hard B. A thin female who does not study.C. A fat male who does

67、 not study. D. A thin male who studies hard.解析：最后一段倒數(shù)第二句說(shuō)：男學(xué)生發(fā)出的熱量比女生發(fā)出的熱量多，學(xué)生體重越重產(chǎn)生的熱量越多。學(xué)習(xí)刻苦的比學(xué)習(xí)不刻苦的產(chǎn)生的熱量多。所以最瘦的學(xué)習(xí)不刻苦的女生產(chǎn)生的熱量最少。答案：B,Passage 3 When we think of creative people the names that probably spring to

68、 mind are those of men such as Leonardo da Vinci, Albert Einstein, and Pablo Picasso, i.e. great artists, inventors and scientists — a select and exceptionally gifted body of men with rare talent and genius. The tendency

69、 to regard creativity and imaginative thinking as the exclusive province of a lucky few disregards the creative and imaginative aspects inherent in the solution of many of the tasks we regularly have to face — the discov

70、ery and development of new methods and techniques, the improvement of old methods, existing inventions and products.Everyone has creative ability to some extent. Creative thinking involves posing oneself a problem and t

71、hen originating or inventing a solution along new and unconventional lines. It involves drawing new analogies（類(lèi)比）, discovering new combinations, and/or new applications of things that are already known. It follows, then

72、, that a creative person will exhibit great intellectual curiosity and imagination. He will be alert and observant with a great store of information which he will be able to sort out and combine, in the solution of probl

73、em. He will be emotionally receptive to new and unconventional ideas and will be less interested in facts than in their implications. Most important of all he will be able to communicate uninhibitedly and will not be too

74、 concerned about other people's reaction to his apparently "crazy" notions. People called the Wright brothers mad but it did not stop them from becoming the first men to construct and fly a heavier-than-air