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1、原文：原文：EmployeeIncentivePlans:MakeThemWthwhileles.E.BoyleAfewyearsbackwhileleadingaseminarweaskedtheaudiencetoseeifanyonehadanemployeeincentiveplan.Onepersonraisedhishproudlysaid:“Ido.Iftheywkhardtheygettokeeptheirjobstha

2、tstheirincentive.“Althoughthiswassaidwithabitofhumbehindthecommentisabasictruth.Employeesarehiredexpectedtoperfmatleast“average.“SowhymotivatethematallStartingfromthe1960sresearchershaveshowngreatinterestinmotivation.Alo

3、ngwithresearchinareassuchasHumanResourceManagementganizationalBehaviemployeemotivationhasbecomeafinatingresearchtopicalsofManagementacademics.Theresearchfocushasbeenplacedonthemotivationprocessofemployeesaswellasontherew

4、ardswhichindividualsfindmotivating.Furthersomeresearchhasbeenconductedonfindingoutthedifferencesinemployeemotivationindifferentcountries.Thefollowingsubsectionscoversomemajmotivationtheiestheirapplicabilityindifferentcou

5、ntriesaswellasdiscusstheexistingcrosscrossnationalstudiesonemployeemotivation。ProminentmotivationtheistssuchasAbrahamMaslow(1968)FrederickHerzberg(1966)DavidMcClell(1987)explainmotivationthroughdifferentmodels.Theirtheie

6、ssocalledcontenttheiesareconcemedwithidentifyingfactswithintheindividualswhich“energizedirectsustainbehavi15.ProcesstheiessuchaspresentedbyVictVroom(1964)concentrateonhowemployeebehaviisinitiatedredirectedhalted.Suchthei

7、esfocusoncertainpsychologicalprocessesunderlyingactionsinparticularhowindividualsmakedecisionsthatarerelatedtotheirbehavi.FredericHerzbergsTwoFactModelisbasedonanempiricalstudymainlyconsistingofsemistructuredinterviews.I

8、tisassumedthattwofactsinfluencejobsatisfaction:Hygienefactswhichhavenegativemotivationpotentialmotivatsthathaveonlypositivemotivationpotential.Hygienefactsarefactsresultingfexamplefromcompanypoliciessalarycowkerrelations

9、supervisystylewhereasmotivatsarefactssuchasachievementrecognitionresponsibilityadvancementthewkitself.WhencomparingHerzbergstheytothemotivationtheybyMaslowonecansaythatthemotivatsofHerzbergstheycouldbetheselfactualizatio

10、nesteemneedsofMaslowthehygienefactsthelowerlevelneedsoftheneedhierarchy.Thetheystatesthateliminatingthecauseofdissatisfactionthroughhygienefactsdoesnotresultinsatisfactionbutinaneutralstate.Motivationsatisfactionoccuronl

11、yasaresultoftheuseofmotivats32notasresultsofthehygienefactssuchaswage.Unftunatelyitisnotthateasy.Mostpeopleneedwantsomeexternalmotivation.Humanshaveupsdownstimeswhentheyfocustimeswhentheylosefocus.Theroleofagoodmanageris

12、toguideemployeestowkonwhatismostimptantinthemostefficientmanner.Providingemployeesincentivesisonetoolthatmanagementcanuse.Inourexperienceitseemsthataboutathirdtohalfofagencieshavesomestofemployeeincentiveplan.Unftunately

13、mostoftheseplansareineffectiveawasteofmoney.Theplansrarelyreaptheirintendedresults.Incentiveplansfailwhenthestructureistargetedtoobroadlynotfocusedonindividualpeopleteams.Thetypicalprofitsharingplanwhereitis“onefallallfo

14、ne“doesnotmotivateanyone.Thistypeofprofitsharingbecomesanentitlement.Alsotheproductiveemployeeswillresentthatthepoperfmers.Employeesneedtohaveaclearunderstingofthelinkagebetweentheireffttheirincentivecompensation.Awellde

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