合作社服務(wù)內(nèi)容【外文翻譯】

1、本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）外文翻譯原文：原文：WhatcooperativesdoBylesLingAgEconomistCooperativeProgramsUSDARuraldit’snote:Thisarticleisasequelto“WhatCooperativesAre(Aren’t)”RuralCooperativesVolume76Number6NovemberDecember2009.Theyear2012hasbeende

2、claredbytheUnitedNationsGeneralAssemblyastheInternationalYearofCooperativesindertohighlightthecontributionofcooperativestosocioeconomicdevelopmentwldwide.Thatsameyearalsowillbethe90thanniversaryofthepublicationof“Economi

3、cPhilosophyofCooperation”thefirstacademicpaperonthetheyofcooperationpublishedintheAmericanEconomicReview(Nurse1922Hess).ThepiecewaswrittenbyEdwinG.NursewholaterbecamethefirstchairmanoftheCouncilofEconomicAdvisersExecutiv

4、eOfficeofthePresident194649.ThismaybeanopptunetimetoreviewNourse’sideasoncooperationseeiftheyhaverelevancetotherealityofthemarketperfmanceofcooperativestodaytherefeiftheydeservetoberelearned.Nourse’sprimaryfocusalongwith

5、theoftquoted“briefremarks”hemadeyearslater(Nourse1945)wasontheroleagriculturalcooperativesplayedinthemarketplace.Thisarosefromhisobservationthattheattempttoapplythecooperativefmofganizationtoeconomicneedsproblemsinagricu

6、lturewascriticallyimptant.PurposesofcooperationThefollowingexamplesaretakenfromNourse’spapertoillustratehowfarmersganizecooperativestoperfmvariousmarketfunctionsjointlyefficientlyinvariousmarketsituations—functionsthatca

7、nnotbesatisfactilycarriedoutalonebyindividualfarmers:cooperativesmadefamousbySapiroasanexamplefhisexplanation.Noursecertainlyrecognizedtheimptanceofcountervailingpowerifcooperativesaretohaveastrongmarketposition.Ashestat

8、ed:“Possiblythekeynoteofthephilosophyliesintheideathatameansmustbefoundfgivingagricultureatypeofganizationwhoseproductivebargainingunitsrespectivelywillexpinstepwiththegrowingneedsoftheagriculturaltechniques(itsaccompany

9、ingcapitaldems)ofthesizerequisitetoaneffectivebargainingpositionincontactwiththeunitsofcommercialganizationwithwhichtheymustdeal.”PromarketNoursesaidthatthetheeticalimplicationofagriculturalcooperation“ispreeminentlythat

10、offunctionalreganizationratherthancomprehensiveeconomicregeneration.”Inotherwdsthefarmertakestheessentialfactsofthemarketasgivenwkingtogetherwithotherproducersthroughthecooperativeseekstobeinthemosteffectivemarketpositio

11、ntocompete.Thusthedistinctiveeconomicphilosophyofthisbusinessfmisviewed“asameanstoimprovethelotofbothfarmerconsumerbyimprovingtheefficiencyoftheeconomicmachine.”Cooperativesenablefarmerstoeffectivelycompeteinthemarketpla

12、cegarnermarketsignalsthatputtheminapositionofpromptsensitiveresponsetothereactionoftheconsumingpublicguidetheirfarmingbusinessdecisions.AccdingtoNoursethecooperativeobjectiveistwofold(Nourse1945):1)“Itistomakethemostecon

13、omicalefficientmarketchannelbywhichwhatevervolumeofproductfarmersseefittoproducegainsaccesstotheattentionthepurchasingpowerofallwhomightusesuchaproduct.(Fsupplybuyingcoopsmosteconomicalaccesstothebestsourcesofthegoodsthe

14、yneed.)Thusatruesupplydempriceisallowed(aided)toexpressitselfftheguidanceofproducers.”2)“Itaimstoreflectthesemarketconditionsbackmostpromptlyfullytoproducersinwaysthatwillbothguidesofaraspossibleassisttheminchangingtheir