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1、外文翻譯原文：原文：AssessingchangestowardsleanproductionIntroductionThepurposeofthisarticleistodevelopanoperationalizedmodelwhichcanbeusedtoassessthechangestakingplaceinaneffttointroduceleanproduction.Inkeepingwiththethemeofthiss

2、pecialissuewehavelimitedourselvestothefactsthatconcernthewkganizationinthemanufacturingpartofacompany.Thismodelhasbeendevelopedusingavailabletheyhasalsobenefitedfromanempiricaltestconcurrentdevelopmentinalongitudinalfiel

3、dstudy.Tobeabletostudyachangeprocessitisimptanttohavetheanchofanoutcomeputanotherwaythecontentofthechangeisimptant[1].Thismeansthatifwelookatleanproductionasconstitutingadeterminantofperfmanceweneedtooperationalizeitinde

4、tailindertostudythechangeprocessesproperly.Weneedawaytomeasureprogressmadeinaneffttobecomelean.Thechoiceofthewd“progress”isimptantsinceleancanbeseenasanintendeddirectionnotasastateasananswertoaspecificproblem[2].Theresea

5、rchintoprocessesinfirmshasthepotentialofdevelopingknowledgewhichisofvaluetopractitioners[3].Inthisveinanoperationalizedmodelofleanproductioncanbeusedbymanagersasatooltofollowprogressinaneffttointroduceleanproduction.Itca

6、nprovideanswerstoquestionssuchas:aretheactionstakeninthedirectionofleanproductionWhatprogressarewemakingondifferentvariablesMethodologyIndertodevelopanoperationalizedmodelofleanproductionwehavetakenthedeioninTheMachineth

7、atChangedtheWldasastartingpoint[4].Withthatasabasiswehavedevelopedamodelwhichsummarizestheimptantprinciplescontainedwithinleanproduction.Thesedifferentprincipleshavethenbeenelabatedusingavailabletheybehindaleanproduction

8、system.Thepurposeistoleanproductionsystemaretheactionstakentheprinciplesimplementedthechangesmadetotheganizationtoachievethedesiredperfmance.Themodeldevelopedinthisarticleoperationalizesthedeterminantsofaleanproductionsy

9、stem.Implicitinthisisthenotionthatbyintroducingleanproductionperfmancecanbeenhanced.Itisalsoimptanttorepeatatthisstagethatweareinterestedinassessingthechangestakingplaceinthedeterminantsnotintheirabsolutevalues.Whatthena

10、rethedeterminantsofleanproductionWefeelthatitisadvisabletostartthedevelopmentofourmodelbyusingthesourceoftheconcept[4].Fromthesefindingswehavebasedourownstudiesonaconceptualizationofleanproductionasconsistingofanumberofp

11、rinciplesacterizingdifferentfunctionalareastheoverallstrategyoftheleancompany[6].ThesefunctionalareasfactsaresummarizedinthemodelinFigure1.Ourinterpretationofthefundamentalprinciplesofleanwhichgothroughallfunctionsisfoun

12、datthebottomofthemodel.Althoughthemodelspansoverdifferentfunctionalareasweareconcernedherewiththeconsequencesofleanproductionfthewkganization.Theseconsequencesarepredominantlyfoundinwhatistermed“l(fā)eanmanufacturing”inthemo

13、deltosomeextentalsowithinproductdevelopment.Thefocusinthisarticlewilltherefebeonthemanufacturingfunctionofacompany.AssessingchangestowardsleanproductionThusfarwehaveestablishedtheunderpinningsofthemodelofleanproduction.W

14、ewillnowproceedbytakingtheprinciplesofleanproductionasdescribedinthemodeldevelopingeachprinciplebyusingavailablethey.Thepurposeistofindwhatdeterminesaleanpracticewithineachprinciple.Theimptantpointhereistofindthedetermin

15、antsthatareabletoreflectchangesinaneffttobecomelean.Thesedeterminantsarethenoperationalizedintoameasurablefmat.Aspreviouslymentionedthemodelhasbeentriedoutinaclinicalfieldstudyasaresultofwhichmanyofthetheeticallydevelope

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