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1、1外文翻譯外文翻譯原文LogisticsManagementMaterialSource:UniversitatPompeuFabraAuth:HelenaR.LourensoIntodayshighlycompetitiveglobalmarketplacethepressureonganizationstofindnewwaystocreatevaluedeliverittotheircustomersgrowseverstrong

2、er.Theincreasingneedfindustrytocompetewithitsproductsinaglobalmarketacrosscostqualityservicedimensionshasgivenrisetotheneedtodeveloplogisticsystemsthataremeefficientthanthosetraditionallyemployed.Therefeinthelasttwodecad

3、eslogisticshasmovedfromanoperationalfunctiontothecpatefunctionlevel.Therehasbeenagrowingrecognitionthateffectivelogisticsmanagementthroughoutthefirmsupplychaincangreatlyassistinthegoalofcostreductionserviceenhancement.Th

4、ekeytosuccessinLogisticsManagement(LM)requiresheavyemphasisonintegrationofactivitiescooperationcodinationinfmationsharingthroughouttheentiresupplychainfromsupplierstocustomers.Tobeabletorespondtothechallengeofintegration

5、modernbusinessesneedsophisticateddecisionsupptsystems(DSS)basedonpowerfulmathematicalmodelssolutiontechniquestogetherwithadvancesininfmationcommunicationtechnologies.Thereisnodoubtthatquantitativemodelscomputerbasedtools

6、fdecisionmakinghaveamajroletoplayintodaysbusinessenvironment.Thisisespeciallytrueintherapidlygrowingareaoflogisticsmanagement.Thesecomputerbasedlogisticssystemscanmakeasignificantimpactonthedecisionprocessinganizations.T

7、hatiswhybothindustryacademiaalikehavebecomeincreasinglyinterestedinusingLMlogisticsDSSasameansofrespondingtotheproblemsissuesposedbychangesinthearea.Manywellknownalgithmicadvancesinoptimizationhavebeenmadebutitturnsoutth

8、atmosthavenothadtheexpectedimpactondecisionsfdesigningoptimizinglogisticsproblems.Fexamplesomeoptimizationtechniquesareof3Finallysupplychainmanagementisasomewhatlargerconceptthanlogisticsbecauseitdealswithmanagingboththe

9、flowofmaterialstherelationshipsamongchannelintermediariesfromthepointofiginofrawmaterialsthroughtothefinalconsumer.“RecentlyhowevertherehasbeensomeconvergencetowardsacceptingSCMasalargerconceptthanlogisticsmanagement.Coo

10、perLambertPagh(1997)clearlydescribedthedifferencesbetweenthetwoconcepts.TheyclaimedthattheintegrationofbusinessprocessesacrossthesupplychainiswhattheycalledSupplyChainManagementtherefeSCMcoversmefunctionsthanjustlogistic

11、sbeingintegratedacrossfirms.OneofthekeycomponentsofSCMisofcourseLogisticsManagementbutitalsoincludesCustomerRelationshipManagementProductDevelopmentCommercialization.InthispaperfollowingtheabovedefinitionswedefineLMasthe

12、managementofalllogisticsactivitiesthroughoutafirmsupplychain.Wegivespecialemphasistorelationshipswithotherfunctionsoftheganizationsuchasmarketingfinancetotheintegrationofthelogisticsactivitiesintheentiresupplychaininclud

13、ingthosewithsupplierscustomers.WeconsiderlikeCooperLambertPagh(1997)thatSCMcoversawiderareathanLMbutthatLMisalsoofmajimptancetoefficientSCM.InLMtheplanningcodinatingcontrollingofalllogisticsactivitiesmustbedonebytakingin

14、toaccounttheremainingelementsofthesupplychain.Everyfirmwhetherinvolvedinmanufacturingservicesbelongstoatleastonesupplychain.ThekeysuccessofLMmaylieinthesystemsintegrationi.e.requiringemphasisonintegrationoflogisticsactiv

15、itiescooperationcodinationinfmationsharingthroughouttheentiresupplychain.Thesupplychainencompassesallactivitiesassociatedwiththeflowtransfmationofgoodsfromrawmaterialstagestotheendusersaswellastheassociatedinfmationflows

16、.Materialinfmationbothflowupdownthesupplychain.Asupplychainconsistsbasicallyofthefollowingelements:suppliersmanufacturingcenterswarehousesdistributioncenterstransptationsystemsretailoutletscustomersrawmaterialwkinprocess

17、inventyfinishedgoodsinfmationthatflowsbetweenthedifferentelements(seeFigure15.1).Oneimptantaspectinasupplychainistheintegrationcodinationofalllogisticsactivitiesinthechainsincedecisionsinoneelementdirectlyaffectthewholes

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