2023年全國碩士研究生考試考研英語一試題真題（含答案詳解+作文范文）_第1頁
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1、外文題目：ThehistyofcommunitybankingitsroleinNigerianruraleconomicdevelopment出處：TheReviewofBlackPoliticalEconomy2000Volume28，Number3Pages7387作者：C.U.OkoyeAmonO.Okpala原文：THEHISTYOFCOMMUNITYBANKINGITSROLEINNIGERIANRURALECONOMICD

2、EVELOPMENTC.U.OkoyeAmonO.OkpalaThisarticleexaminesthesalientfeaturesoftheruraleconomythatwouldtendtohaveadecisive6influenceontheoutcomesoftheactionsruralbasedNigerianCommunityBanks1(CBs)shouldtakearealreadytakingtoachiev

3、etheirultimatematewhichisruraldevelopment.OurstressisontheinterdependenciesthatshouldexistbetweenCBstheruraleconomy.Thisrelationshipistobeviewedinthecontextofadynamicruralenvironmentrespondingtoidiosyncraticshockssociocu

4、lturalchangeswidermacroeconomicpolicies.Attheendwegiveapolicyguidefpursuingsustainablecommunitybankingunderconditionsofsustainableruralprogress.Theruralbankingprogrammebeganasaphasedprogrammeenvisagedtomakeitpossiblefeve

5、rylocalgovernmentheadquarterstohaveatleastabranchofabankeverysemiurbancenterwithapopulationofmethan30000tohaveabankbranch.Althoughtheprogrammeinspiredsufficientbankingconsciousnessamongruraldwellersitsprogresswassluggish

6、duetoanumberofproblems.Theseincludedlowlevelsofpatronagedueto4、Thebankspresentedimpossiblenonpersonalizedcontractarrangementsthatdidnottakeintoaccountproductionconsumptionshockssufferedbyruralhouseholds.Creditswerethereb

7、yconstrainedthebrowerwaspreventedfromshiftingresourcestoareasofneedinthehouseholdenterprisemix5、Theruralpeopledidnotunderstthecopiouspaperwkinvolvedintheadministrationofthecreditsbythebanks6、Sometimesthestaffofthebanksex

8、hibitedconductsbereftofempathywiththeporuralmassesthusalienatingthem.NigerianCommunityBankingisessentiallybuiltonthebroadconceptofsustainability.Itintegratesanumberofdistinctelementsthatmakefsustainabledevelopmentthemost

9、remarkableofwhichismassparticipationownershipwhatEjiof(1994)termscollectivization.NigerianCommunityBanksareprivatelyownedselfsustainingfinancialinstitutionsownedbyacommunityagroupofcommunitiestoprovidefinancialservicesto

10、membersofthecommunity.AssuchgroupsasCommunityDevelopmentAssociations(CDAs)CooperativeSocietiesFarmersUnionsTradegroupsaswellasindividualsconstitutetheshareholdersofacommunitybank.Becausethepatronageofacommunitybankissupp

11、osedtobelargelybyitsownersitassumestheessentialacterofacooperativesociety.CBsaresmallscalegrassrootsientedaresupposedtobenondiscriminatyinapproach.Alsonotewthyisthefactthatintheruralcreditmarketfmalinfmalsectscoexistdesp

12、itethefactthatfmalsectinterestratesaresubstantiallybelowthosegedintheinfmalsect.Butthenumberoffmallendersislimitedthefewthatoperatespecializeinareaswherefarmershaveltitles.CBswouldsignificantlychangethisfeatureiftheyimpl

13、ementtheirgeeffectively.Furthermeinalotofcasesinterestratesmaynotequilibratecreditdemsupplyfollowingsevereproductionshockscreditmaybecomeunavailableatanyprice.Anotherconsiderationhereisthatinruralcreditmarketsthetendency

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