高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解主旨大意題解題技巧

1、閱讀理解,,主旨大意題解題技巧,Step 1:Lead-in,A mother mouse was out for a walk with her babies when she found a cat behind a bush.She watched the cat,and the cat watched the mice. Mother mouse barked fiercely,”Woof,woof,woof!”the cat

2、 was so frightered that it ran for it’s life.Mother mouse turned to her babies and said ,”Now,do you understand the value of a second language?”,,What is the story mainly about?,,It is important to learn a foreign langua

3、ge.,主旨大意,考查學(xué)生對(duì)一篇文章或一段文字的深層理解程度及在速讀中準(zhǔn)確把握文章主旨大意的能力。,Step 2: Question forms about the main idea1) 主題型主旨大意題的題干表現(xiàn)形式The main idea of the passage is …The passage is mainly about …What is the passage mainly about?Which of

4、the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?2) 目的類主旨大意題The passage is meant to …The purpose of this article is to …The author intends to...3) 標(biāo)題類主旨大意題The best title for the passage might be

5、 …,Step 3: How to get the main idea,1) 主旨大意題屬于歸納概括題。如有標(biāo)題，標(biāo)題中蘊(yùn)含的信息往往是關(guān)鍵信息。2) 找準(zhǔn)文章的主題句是關(guān)鍵?！爸黝}句定位法”是一種行之有效的方法。在答題時(shí)，我們可以： 讀首句抓大意 讀尾句抓大意 在中間抓大意 讀首尾段抓大意 3.)主題句隱含在全文中 無(wú)主題句隱含在全文中明顯主題句時(shí)高頻信息詞 任一篇文章都是圍繞某個(gè)主題展開的，因此，有的文章中最

6、明顯的特點(diǎn)之一是有一個(gè)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。,Sample 1People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and e

7、at one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast--foods: a hamburger or hot dog,

8、French fries and a soft drink. （1）主題句在段首 一個(gè)主題句常常是一個(gè)段落的開頭，其后的句子則是論證性細(xì)節(jié)。在說(shuō)明文，科技文獻(xiàn)和新聞報(bào)道中多采用這種格式。,,,,,,Sample 2Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on

9、 their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time. （2）主題句也會(huì)出現(xiàn)在段尾。 作者先擺出事實(shí)依據(jù)，層層推理論證，最后自然得出結(jié)論，即段落的主題。本段的中心思想在結(jié)尾句得到體現(xiàn)，它是此段

10、內(nèi)容的結(jié)論。,,,,Sample 3Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark si

11、tuations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.（3）在短文中間 當(dāng)主題句被安排在段中間時(shí), 通常前面只提出問(wèn)題， 文中的主題由隨之陳述的細(xì)節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出,

12、 而后又作進(jìn)一步的解釋, 支撐或發(fā)展.,,,1)關(guān)注一些表征強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞“but, yet, however, in fact, indeed,”等，這些詞后面連接的通常都是一段話的主題句。  2) 關(guān)注一些表征總結(jié)性，結(jié)論性的詞：“in brief/short, above/in/after/all in all,

13、 in conclusion, in a word”等，這些詞后面連接的通常也都是一段話的主題句。  3) 如果主題句含有show, indicate和suggest等詞，重點(diǎn)看其后的賓語(yǔ)從句。,主題句在短文中間,Sample 4Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes, “ It was seeing people

14、 with snakes bites that led me to the career.” Shu said…... “The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes.” Shu said.（4）首尾呼應(yīng)為突出主題, 作者先提出主題, 結(jié)尾時(shí)再次點(diǎn)出主題, 這種首尾

15、呼應(yīng)的寫作方式也較為多見(jiàn). 通常, 前后表述主題的句子不是簡(jiǎn)單的重復(fù), 后面的表述往往有進(jìn)一步的引申或發(fā)展的意味.,,,,,(5) 從段落中尋找高頻率詞,,任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個(gè)主題展開的，因此，許多文章中最明顯的特點(diǎn)之一是有一個(gè)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞,Sample 5,The passage is mainly about _____. A. the construction of a road

16、 B. the design of a road C. the construction of two railways D. the design of two tunnels,文中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞為關(guān)鍵詞，一般與主旨相關(guān),Sample 5 A new eight-kilometer road is under construction that links the port area with mo

17、torway system… As part of the project, two four-kilometer road tunnels are being built below the central area of the city, … The two tunnels are about 20 meters below the surface and are 12 meters wide, providing f

18、or two lanes of traffic in each direction. In the upper part of the tunnel two air-conditioning pipes remove the waste gas of trucks and cars and keep the quality of air inside the tunnel. The lighting is at

19、 the top of the tunnel, … The wall is made up of four main elements, which include a waterproofing covering and, on the inside of the tunnel, a concrete lining. Each tunnel is roughly round and the lower part of the tunn

20、el is somewhat flat. … along the length of the tunnel. The fire main is at the side of the tunnel and at the level of the road surface. Other systems in the tunnel will include emergency phones.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(5) 從段落中尋找高

21、頻率詞,,任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個(gè)主題展開的，因此，許多文章中最明顯的特點(diǎn)之一是有一個(gè)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞,Sample 5,The passage is mainly about _____. A. the construction of a road B. the design of a road C. the construction of two railwa

22、ys D. the design of two tunnels,,文中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞為關(guān)鍵詞，一般與主旨相關(guān),Practice makes perfect,1.Lung cancer is the worst cancer killer in America . About 160,440 Americans die each year from it. More than 87 percent of lung cancers

23、are smoking related, according to the Lung Cancer Organization.,Lung cancer is the No.1 cancer killer Smoking is a bad habitLCO advises people to stop smokingWhy did people die of Lung cancer?,,The main idea of t

24、he passage is ___.,A,,,Show Time,2.Many people write to newspapers and magazines to express their opinions. … Name or no name ? The answer is very personal and lies in how much we want to. We all have a na

25、me. It is a matter of responsibility to use it when we make a statement, a claim or an accusation. We all want to honor our own name, and it is only by stamping our expression of an opinion with our name that we honor wh

26、at we say.The passage is mainly about_____.A. honor and writers B. identity and signatureC. signature(簽名) and responsibility D. anonymity and signature,,,,,,3. Forget Twitter and Facebook, Google and the Kindle.

27、Television is still the most influential medium around. Indeed ,for many of the poorest regions(地區(qū))of the world, it remains the next big thing——finally becomes globally available. And that is a good thing, because the TV

28、 revolution is changing lives for the better… …Too much TV has been associated with violence, overweight and loneliness. However, TV is having a positive influence on the lives of billions worldwide The author inten

29、ds to             .   A. stress the advantages of TV to people’s lives    B. persuade women to become more independent    C. en

30、courage people to improve their reading skills    D. introduce the readers some websites such as Google,,,,,非文章事實(shí)的主觀臆斷,4 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette s

31、moking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smoker’s cough”. Finally, studies have show

32、n it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it? What is the main idea ?Smoking can cause cancer. Smoking is a terr

33、ible killer Smoking is harmful to our health. An experiment on smoking.,,,,,.,,某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié),片面推出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論,某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié),,,,,5.Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent tha

34、n a professional criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance. What is the main idea of the passage?

35、A professional criminal looks more innocent than others. Don’t judge others by appearance. So, it is foolish to judge a person only by his appearance Try to judge a person only by his appearance,,,6. 即主題句隱含在全文中, 沒(méi)

36、有明確的主題句. 必須根據(jù)文篇中所提供的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，進(jìn)行全面考慮，綜合分析，然后找出共同的東西，歸納成一般概念。必須注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括時(shí)過(guò)于寬泛，要恰如其分。,Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of

37、Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.Q: What is the main idea of the pas

38、sage??。撸撸撸?A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer. B. Bingham is a diligent student.　 C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education. D. A good lawyer needs good education.,,How to Deal with the

39、Problems on Reading Comprehension,一、主旨大意題 （做題要領(lǐng)）,1. 干擾項(xiàng) 可能屬文中某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)。,2. 干擾項(xiàng) 可能屬?gòu)奈闹心承?(不完全的) 事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論。,3. 干擾項(xiàng) 可能屬非文章事實(shí)的主觀臆斷。,(正確答案) 是根據(jù)文章意思全面理解而歸納概括出來(lái)的；但不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過(guò)其實(shí)或以偏概全。,,,,,,There is no dif