《英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)》知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納

1、EnglishLexicology(英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué))Lexicology（詞匯學(xué)）:isabranchoflinguisticsinquiringintotheiginsmeaningsofwds.TheNatureScopeofEnglishlexicology：EnglishlexicologyaimsatinvestigatingstudyingthemphologicalstructuresofEnglishwdswdequival

2、entstheirsemanticstructuresrelationshisticaldevelopmentfmationusages.ThesubjectsthatEnglishLexicologycrelatedwithextentto：EnglishLexicologyiscrelatedwithsuchlinguisticdisciplinesasmphology(形態(tài)學(xué))semantics(語(yǔ)義學(xué))etymology(詞源學(xué)

3、)stylistics（文體論）lexicography(詞典學(xué))ThereasonfastudenttostudyEnglishlexicology：AccdingtothetextbookEnglishLexicologywilldefinitelybebeneficialfstudentsofEnglish.AgoodknowledgeofmphologicalstructuresofEnglishwdsrulesofwdfmat

4、ionwillhelplearnersdeveloptheirpersonalvocabularyconsciouslyincreasetheirwdpower.Theinfmationofthehisticaldevelopmenttheprinciplesofclassificationwillgivethemadeeperunderstingofwdmeaningenablethemtoganizeclassifystewdsme

5、effectively.Theunderstingtheirsenserelationswillgraduallyraisetheirawarenessofmeaningusageenablethemusewdsmeaccuratelyappropriately.Awkingknowledgeofdictionarieswillimprovetheirskillsofusingreferencebooksraisetheirproble

6、msolvingabilityefficiencyofindividualstudy.Chapter1BasicconceptsofwdsvocabularyWd（詞的定義）:Awdisaminimalfreefmofalanguagethathasagivensoundmeaningsyntacticfunction.(1)aminimalfreefmofalanguage(2)asoundunity(3)aunitofmeaning

7、(4)afmthatcanfunctionaloneinasentenceSoundmeaning（聲音與意義）:almostarbitrary“nologicalrelationshipbetweenthesoundwhichstsfathinganideatheactualthingideaitself”Soundfm（讀音和形式）:不統(tǒng)一的四個(gè)原因（1）theEnglishalphabetwasadoptedfromtheRoma

8、nswhichdoesnothaveaseparatelettertorepresenteachother（2）thepronunciationhaschangedmerapidlythanspellingovertheyears（3）someofthedifferencewerecreatesbytheearlyscribes（4）thebrowingsisanimptantchannelofenrichingtheEnglishvo

9、cabularyChapter2thedevelopmentoftheEnglishVocabularyTheIndoEuropeanLanguageFamily(印歐語(yǔ)系)TheEightGroupsinIndoEuropeanFamilyofLanguages（8大印歐語(yǔ)群）TheEasternset:（1）TheBaltoslavicGroup（波羅的斯拉夫語(yǔ)族）：RussianBulgarianPolishCzechetc.（2

10、）TheIndoIranianGroup（印度伊朗語(yǔ)族）：HindiBengaliPersianetc.(3)TheArmenianGroup（亞美尼亞語(yǔ)族）：Armenian.(4)TheAlbanianGroup（阿爾巴尼亞語(yǔ)族）：Albanian.TheWesternset:(5)TheHellenicGroup（古希臘語(yǔ)族）：Greek.(6)TheItalianGroup（意大利語(yǔ)族）：LatinRomancelanguage

11、s(FrenchItalianSpanishptugueseRomanian)etc.(7)TheCelticGroup（凱爾特語(yǔ)族）：IrishWelshBretonetc.(8)TheGermanicGroup（日耳曼語(yǔ)族）：FlemishGermanDutchScinavian(NweigianSwedishDanishIcelic)etc.TheThreeStagesofDevelopmentoftheEnglishVocabu

12、lary:1OldEnglish(4501100)(vocabulary50000to60000):wasIhighinflectedlanguage.2dleEnglish(11501500):retainesmuchfewerinflections3ModernEnglish(1500uptonow):infactmethan25%ofmodernEwdscomealmostdirectlyfromclassicallanguage

13、s.InModernEwdsendingsweremostlylostwithjustafewexpections.Englishhasevolvedfromasyntheticlanguage(OldEnglish)tothepresentanalyticlanguage.ModesofVocabularyDevelopment(詞匯的發(fā)展模式):1)creation創(chuàng)造新詞：thefmationofnewwdsbyusingthee

14、xistingmaterialsnamelytootsaffixesotherelements.(最重要方式)2)semanticchange舊詞新義:doesnotincreasethenumberofwdfmsbutcreatemanymenewuseagesofthewds.3)browing借用外來(lái)詞:constitutemerely6to7percentofallnewwdsRevivingwdsobsoletewdsalso