全新版大學(xué)英語(第二版)綜合教學(xué)教材2課文及其翻譯

1、_Unit1HowardGardneraprofessofeducationatHarvardUniversityreflectsonavisittoChinagiveshisthoughtsondifferentapproachestolearninginChinatheWest.哈佛大學(xué)教育學(xué)教授霍華德加德納回憶其中國之行，闡述他對中西方不同的學(xué)習(xí)方式的看法。LearningChineseStyleHowardGardner1Fam

2、onthinthespringof1987mywifeEllenIlivedinthebustlingeasternChinesecityofNanjingwithour18montholdsonBenjaminwhilestudyingartseducationinChinesekindergartenselementaryschools.ButoneofthemosttellinglessonsEllenIgotinthediffe

3、rencebetweenChineseAmericanideasofeducationcamenotintheclassroombutinthelobbyoftheJinlingHotelwherewestayedinNanjing.中國式的學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)格霍華德加德納1987年春，我和妻子埃倫帶著我們18個(gè)月的兒子本杰明在繁忙的中國東部城市南京住了一個(gè)月，同時(shí)考察中國幼兒園和小學(xué)的藝術(shù)教育情況。然而，我和埃倫獲得的有關(guān)中美教育觀念差異的最難忘

4、的體驗(yàn)并非來自課堂，而是來自我們在南京期間寓居的金陵飯店的大堂。2Thekeytoourroomwasattachedtoalargeplasticblockwiththeroomnumberonit.Whenleavingthehotelaguestwasencouragedtoturninthekeyeitherbyhingittoanattendantbypingitthroughaslotintoabox.Becausethek

5、eyslotwasnarrowthekeyhadtobepositionedcarefullytofitintoit.我們的房門鑰匙系在一塊標(biāo)有房間號的大塑料板上。酒店鼓勵(lì)客人外出時(shí)留下鑰匙，可以交給服務(wù)員，也可以從一個(gè)槽口塞入鑰匙箱。由于口子狹小，你得留神將鑰匙放準(zhǔn)位置才塞得進(jìn)去。3Benjaminlovedtocarrythekeyaroundshakingitvigously.Healsolikedtotrytoplaceitin

6、totheslot.Becauseofhistenderageincompleteunderstingoftheneedtopositionthekeyjustsohewouldusuallyfail.Benjaminwasnotbotheredintheleast.Heprobablygotasmuchpleasureoutofthesoundsthekeymadeashedidthosefewtimeswhenthekeyactua

7、llyfounditswayintotheslot.本杰明愛拿著鑰匙走來走去，邊走邊用力搖晃著。他還喜歡試著把鑰匙往槽口里塞。由于他還年幼，不太明白得把鑰匙放準(zhǔn)位置才成，因此總?cè)贿M(jìn)去。本杰明一點(diǎn)也不在意。他從鑰匙聲響中得到的樂趣大概跟他偶爾把鑰匙成功地塞進(jìn)槽口而獲得的樂趣一樣多。4NowbothEllenIwereperfectlyhappytoallowBenjamintobangthekeynearthekeyslot.Hisex

8、platybehaviseemedharmlessenough.ButIsoonobservedaninterestingphenomenon.AnyChinesestaffmembernearbywouldcome_7WelistenedtosuchexplanationssympatheticallyexplainedthatfirstofallwedidnotmuchcarewhetherBenjaminsucceededinin

9、gthekeyintotheslot.Hewashavingagoodtimewasexplingtwoactivitiesthatdidmattertous.ButthecriticalpointwasthatintheprocessweweretryingtoteachBenjaminthatonecansolveaproblemeffectivelybyoneself.Suchselfrelianceisaprincipalval

10、ueofchildrearingindleclassAmerica.Solongasthechildisshownexactlyhowtodosomething─whetheritbeplacingakeyinakeyslotdrawingahenmakingupfamisdeed─heislesslikelytofigureouthimselfhowtoaccomplishsuchatask.megenerallyheislessli

11、kelytoviewlife─asAmericansdo─asaseriesofsituationsinwhichonehastolearntothinkfoneselftosolveproblemsononesowneventodiscovernewproblemsfwhichcreativesolutionsarewanted.我倆頗為同情地聽著這一番道理，解釋道，首先，我們并不在意本杰明能不能把鑰匙塞進(jìn)鑰匙的槽口。他玩得開心，而且

12、在探索，這兩點(diǎn)才是我們真正看重的。但關(guān)鍵在于，在這個(gè)過程中，我們試圖讓本杰明懂得，一個(gè)人是能夠很好地自行解決問題的。這種自力更生的精神是美國中產(chǎn)階級最重要的一條育兒觀。如果我們向孩子演示該如何做某件事——把鑰匙塞進(jìn)鑰匙的槽口也好，畫只雞或是彌補(bǔ)彌補(bǔ)某種錯(cuò)誤行為也好——那他就不太可能自行想方設(shè)法想方設(shè)法去完成這件事。從更廣泛的意義上說，他就不太可能——如美國人那樣——將人生視為一系列的情境，在這些情境中，一個(gè)人必須學(xué)會獨(dú)立思考，學(xué)會獨(dú)立解

13、決問題，進(jìn)而學(xué)會發(fā)現(xiàn)需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造性地加以解決的新問題。TEACHINGBYHOLDINGHISH8Inretrospectitbecamecleartomethatthisincidentwasindeedkey─keyinmethanonesense.Itpointedtoimptantdifferencesintheeducationalartisticpracticesinourtwocountries.把著手教回想起來，當(dāng)時(shí)我就清楚

14、地意識到，這件事正是體現(xiàn)了問題的關(guān)鍵之所在——而且不僅僅是一種意義上的關(guān)鍵之所在。這件事表明了我們兩國在教育和藝術(shù)實(shí)踐上的重要差異。9WhenourwellintentionedChineseobserverscametoBenjaminsrescuetheydidnotsimplypushhishdownclumsilyuncertainlyasImighthavedone.Insteadtheyguidedhimwithextrem

15、efacilitygentlenessinpreciselythedesireddirection.IcametorealizethattheseChinesewerenotjustmoldingshapingBenjaminsperfmanceinanyoldmanner:InthebestChinesetraditiontheywerebazheshoujiao─“teachingbyholdinghish“─somuchsotha