歐洲文化入門課后習(xí)題答案

1、歐洲文化入門課后習(xí)題答案：Divisionone:GreekcultureRomanculture希臘、羅馬文化希臘、羅馬文化Ⅰ.Ⅰ.Greekculture希臘文化希臘文化1.WhatarethemajelementsinEuropeancultureTherearetwomainelements——theGrecoRomanelementtheJudeoChristianelement.2.Whatwerethemainfeatur

2、esofancientGreeksocietyInGreeksocietyonlyadultmalecitizenhadrealpowerthecitizenshipwasasetofrightswhichamaninheritedfromhisfather.TheeconomyofAthensrestedonanimmenseamountofslavelab.Slaveswkedftheirmasters.Theexploitatio

3、nwasaserioussocialproblem.TheGreekslovedspts.TheyoftentookpartinthecontestsofsptsinOlympusMountthusOlympicGamescameintobeing.3.WhatdidHomerdoWhyisheimptantinthehistyofEuropeanliteratureHedepictedthegreatGreekmenwholivedi

4、ntheperiod12001100B.C.warshappeningatthattime.Asanauthofepicsheemployedfineliterarylanguagetodescribewarsmeneventhoughtheyweredull.HestoodinthepeekofGreekliteratureexertedagreatinfluenceonhisfollowers.4.Whoweretheoutstin

5、gdramatistsofancientGreeceWhatimptantplaysdideachofthemwriteAeschylusSophoclesEuripideswerethreeoutstingdramatistsofancientGreece.Aeschylus:PrometheusBoundPersiansAgamemnonSophocles:OedipustheKingElectraAntigoneEuripides

6、:romacheMedeaTrojanWomen5.WeretherehistiansthenWhoweretheyWhatdideachofthemwriteaboutYesthereare.TheywereHerodotusThucydides.HerodotuswroteaboutthewarsbetweenGreeksPersians.ThucydideswroteaboutthewarbetweenAthensSpartabe

7、tweenAthensSyracuse.6.WouldyousaythatphilosophywashighlydevelopedthenWhowerethemajphilosophersNoIwouldn’t.Becausethosephilosophicalideaswereonlyidealismsimplematerialismmetaphysics.SocratesPlatoAristotlewerethemajphiloso

8、phersatthattime.7.DidSocrateswriteanybookHowthendoweknowabouthimWhatdistinguishedhisphilosophyNohedidn’t.WeknowSocrateschieflythroughwhatPlatorecdedofhiminthefamousDialogueswrittenbyPlato.Heconsideredthatphilosophyrested

9、withthedissectofoneselfvirtuewashighwthoflife.Hismethodofargumentbyquestionsanswerswasknownasthedialecticalmethod.8.TellsomeofPlato’sideas.Whydopeoplecallhimanidealist(1)Menhaveknowledgebecauseoftheexistenceofcertaingene

10、ral“ideas”likebeautytruthgoodness.(2)Weshouldnotlookatthethingswhicharenotseen:fthethingswhicharenotseeneternal.Becauseheemphasizedtheimptanceof“ideas”believedthat“thought”hadcreatedthewldpeoplecallhimanidealist.9.Inwhat

11、imptantwayswasAristotledifferentfromPlatoWhataresomeofAristotle’swksthatarestillinfluentialtoday(1)Aristotleemphasizeddirectobservationofnatureinsistedthattheyshouldfollowfact.ThisisdifferentfromPlato’srelianceonsubjecti

12、vethinking.(2)Hethoughtthat“idea”mattertogethermadeconcreteindividualrealitiesinwhichhedifferedfromPlatowhoheldthatideashadhigherrealitythantheCicerowritethatkindofrheticalproseallthetimeMarcusTulliusCiceroJuliusCaesarwe

13、retwoimptantprosewriters.CiceronianmeansCicero’seloquentaticalmannerofwritingWhichhashadanenmousinfluenceonthedevelopmentofEuropeanprose.Nohedidn’t.BecauseCiceroappearsasadifferentmanwithadifferentstylefarlessrheticalbut

14、colloquialintimate.5.GivetheexampleofthetersestyleofJuliusCaesar’sprose.Anexample:IcameIsawIconquered(modelsofsuccinctLatin).6.WhowasLucretiusWhatdidhedo(1)LucretiuswasapoetofancientRome.(2)HewrotethephilosophicalpoemOnt

15、heNatureofThingtoexpoundtheideasofEpicurustheGreekatomist.7.WhatisthebookfwhichVirgilhasbeenfamousthroughoutthecountriesInwhatwaysisthebooklinkedwiththeGreekpast(1)ThebookwasAeneid.(2)ThestywasaboutAeneasoneoftheprinceso

16、fTroywhoescapedfromthatburningcitywhenitfelltotheGreekstocarryontheTrojancauseinanewplaceRome.Hedidn’tgoalonebutcarryinghisfatheronhisshouldersleadinghislittlesonbythehafamilygroupofthreegenerationsmovedtogether.Thusinth

17、iswaythebookislinkedwiththeGreekpast.8.WhydowesayAeneusisatrulytragicheroBecauseAeneashadtobetraythegreatpassionofhislifehislovefDidoqueenofCarthagesothathecouldfulfillhishisticmission.9.WhatisthechiefRomanachievementina

18、rchitectureGivesomeexamples.(1)TheRomansweregreatengineers.Theycoveredtheirwldfromoneendtotheotherwithroadsbridgesaqueductstheatresarenas.(2)Someexamples:A.ThePantheon:thegreatestthebestpreservedRomantemplebuiltin27B.C..

19、B.PontduGard:itisanexceptionallywellpreservedaqueductthatspansawidevalleyinsouthernFrance.10.WhyarethewallpaintingsoftheancientRomansstillsignificanttoustodayRomanpaintingwasstronglyinfluencedbytheartofGreece.italsohadpe

20、cularitiesofitsown.Unftunatelymuchofthepaintingnolongerexists.TherearehoweversomewallpaintingsfromPompeiiothertownsnearNaples.Thesewallpaintingsincludestillliveslscapepaintingsfigurepaintings.AmongthemwereLadyMusicianYou

21、ngGirltheMaidenGatheringFlowerstheLscape.Divisiontwo:theBibleChristianity基督教及其基督教及其《圣經(jīng)圣經(jīng)》1.WhatwastheHebrew’smajcontributiontowldcivilizationThehistyoftheHebrewswasheddownallyfromonegenerationtoanotherinthefmoffolktaless

22、tieswhichwererecdedlaterintheOldTestamentwhichstilllaterbecamethefirstpartoftheChristianBible.ThustheHebrewsmadeoneofthegreatestcontributionstothewldcivilization.2.WhydowesayJudaismChristianityarecloselyrelatedJudaismChr

23、istianityarecloselyrelated:⑴itwastheJewishtraditionwhichgavebirthtoChristianity⑵bothiginatedinPalestine—thehubofmigrationtraderoutewhichledtoexchangeideasoverwideareas.3.WhendidthegreatexodustakeplaceAround1300B.C.Mosest