歐洲文化課后問(wèn)答題

1、歐洲文化入歐洲文化入門(mén)課門(mén)課后練習(xí)練習(xí)答案參考答案參考Divisionone:GreekcultureRomancultureⅠ.Greekculture1.WhatarethemajelementsinEuropeancultureTherearetwomainelements——theGrecoRomanelementtheJudeoChristianelement.2.Whatwerethemainfeaturesofancien

2、tGreeksocietyInGreeksocietyonlyadultmalecitizenhadrealpowerthecitizenshipwasasetofrightswhichamaninheritedfromhisfather.TheeconomyofAthensrestedonanimmenseamountofslavelab.Slaveswkedftheirmasters.Theexploitationwasaserio

3、ussocialproblem.TheGreekslovedspts.TheyoftentookpartinthecontestsofsptsinOlympusMountthusOlympicGamescameintobeing.3.WhatdidHomerdoWhyisheimptantinthehistyofEuropeanliteratureHedepictedthegreatGreekmenwholivedintheperiod

4、12001100B.C.warshappeningatthattime.Asanauthofepicsheemployedfineliterarylanguagetodescribewarsmeneventhoughtheyweredull.HestoodinthepeekofGreekliteratureexertedagreatinfluenceonhisfollowers.4.Whoweretheoutstingdramatist

5、sofancientGreeceWhatimptantplaysdideachofthemwriteAeschylusSophoclesEuripideswerethreeoutstingdramatistsofancientGreece.Aeschylus:PrometheusBoundPersiansAgamemnonSophocles:OedipustheKingElectraAntigoneEuripides:romacheMe

6、deaTrojanWomen5.WeretherehistiansthenWhoweretheyWhatdideachofthemwriteaboutYesthereare.TheywereHerodotusThucydides.HerodotuswroteaboutthewarsbetweenGreeksPersians.ThucydideswroteaboutthewarbetweenAthensSpartabetweenAthen

7、sSyracuse.6.WouldyousaythatphilosophywashighlydevelopedthenWhowerethemajphilosophersNoIwouldn’t.Becausethosephilosophicalideaswereonlyidealismsimplematerialismmetaphysics.SocratesPlatoAristotlewerethemajphilosophersattha

8、ttime.7.DidSocrateswriteanybookHowthendoweknowabouthimWhatdistinguishedhisphilosophyNohedidn’t.WeknowSocrateschieflythroughwhatPlatorecdedofhiminthefamousDialogueswrittenbyPlato.Heconsideredthatphilosophyrestedwiththedis

9、sectofoneselfvirtuewashighwthoflife.Hismethodofargumentbyquestionsanswerswasknownasthedialecticalmethod.8.TellsomeofPlato’sideas.Whydopeoplecallhimanidealist(1)Menhaveknowledgebecauseoftheexistenceofcertaingeneral“ideas”

10、likebeautytruthgoodness.(2)Weshouldnotlookatthethingswhicharenotseen:fthethingswhicharenotseeneternal.Becauseheemphasizedtheimptanceof“ideas”believedthat“thought”hadcreatedthewldpeoplecallhimanidealist.9.Inwhatimptantway

11、swasAristotledifferentfromPlatoWhataresomeofAristotle’swksthatarestillinfluentialtoday(1)Aristotleemphasizeddirectobservationofnatureinsistedthattheyshouldfollowfact.ThisisdifferentfromPlato’srelianceonsubjectivethinking

12、.(2)Hethoughtthat“idea”mattertogethermadeconcreteindividualrealitiesinwhichhedifferedfromPlatowhoheldthatideashadhigherrealitythanthepoliticalwld.Hissignificantwksincludes:EthicsPoliticsRhetic.10.Whoweresomeoftheotherphi

13、losophersactiveinthatperiodDoesthewd“Epicurean”initsmodernsenseconveythetruemeaningofthephilosophyoftheancientEpicureansWhatweretheirviewsonpleasure(1)TheywereHeracleitueDemocritusDiogenesPyrrhonEpicurusZeno.(2)Noitdoesn

14、’t.TheancientEpicureansbelievedpleasuretobethehighestwthoflifebutbypleasuretheymeantnotsensualenjoymentbutthatattainedbythepracticeofvirtue.Butthis(1)ThebookwasAeneid.(2)ThestywasaboutAeneasoneoftheprincesofTroywhoescape

15、dfromthatburningcitywhenitfelltotheGreekstocarryontheTrojancauseinanewplaceRome.Hedidn’tgoalonebutcarryinghisfatheronhisshouldersleadinghislittlesonbythehafamilygroupofthreegenerationsmovedtogether.Thusinthiswaythebookis

16、linkedwiththeGreekpast.8.WhydowesayAeneusisatrulytragicheroBecauseAeneashadtobetraythegreatpassionofhislifehislovefDidoqueenofCarthagesothathecouldfulfillhishisticmission.9.WhatisthechiefRomanachievementinarchitectureGiv

17、esomeexamples.(1)TheRomansweregreatengineers.Theycoveredtheirwldfromoneendtotheotherwithroadsbridgesaqueductstheatresarenas.(2)Someexamples:A.ThePantheon:thegreatestthebestpreservedRomantemplebuiltin27B.C..B.PontduGard:i

18、tisanexceptionallywellpreservedaqueductthatspansawidevalleyinsouthernFrance.10.WhyarethewallpaintingsoftheancientRomansstillsignificanttoustodayRomanpaintingwasstronglyinfluencedbytheartofGreece.italsohadpecularitiesofit

19、sown.Unftunatelymuchofthepaintingnolongerexists.TherearehoweversomewallpaintingsfromPompeiiothertownsnearNaples.Thesewallpaintingsincludestillliveslscapepaintingsfigurepaintings.AmongthemwereLadyMusicianYoungGirltheMaide

20、nGatheringFlowerstheLscape.Divisiontwo:theBibleChristianity基督教及其《圣經(jīng)》1.WhatwastheHebrew’smajcontributiontowldcivilizationThehistyoftheHebrewswasheddownallyfromonegenerationtoanotherinthefmoffolktalesstieswhichwererecdedla

21、terintheOldTestamentwhichstilllaterbecamethefirstpartoftheChristianBible.ThustheHebrewsmadeoneofthegreatestcontributionstothewldcivilization.2.WhydowesayJudaismChristianityarecloselyrelatedJudaismChristianityarecloselyre

22、lated:⑴itwastheJewishtraditionwhichgavebirthtoChristianity⑵bothiginatedinPalestine—thehubofmigrationtraderoutewhichledtoexchangeideasoverwideareas.3.WhendidthegreatexodustakeplaceAround1300B.C.MosesthefamousHebrewleaderw

23、enttoseethepharaohofEgypttellinghimthatYahwehwantedthepharaohtoendHebrewslaverylettheHebrewleaveEgypt.WiththisbegantheExoduswhichlastedftyyears.4.WhowasMosesWhatdidhedoftheHebrewsMoseswasafamousHebrewleader.Around1300B.C

24、.MosesledtheHebrewstoleaveEgyptfthePromisedL.ThiswascalledtheExoduswhichlastedftyyears.WhentheweringHebrewsleftthedesertenteredthemountainousSinaiMosesclimbedtothetopofthemountaintoreceivefmgodmessagewhichcametobeknownas

25、theTenCommments.HediedshtlybefetheHebrewsarrivedattheirhomel.5.WhataretheTenCommmentsaboutTheTenCommmentareasetofrulesMosescommsallIsraeltoobeyinthenameofGod:⑴YahwehistheonlyGodallIsraelshouldwship⑵Donotcarveserveanyidol

26、towship⑶DonottakethenameofGodinvain⑷KeeptheSabbathdaylabintheothersixdays⑸Honrespectone’sparents⑹Donotkill⑺Donotcommitadultery⑻Donotsteal⑼Donotbearfalsewitnessagainstpeople⑽Donotdesireone’sneighb’swifenhishousenhisfieldn

27、hisservantsnhislivestocknanythingelse.6.WhatwritingsmakeuptheNewTestamentTheNewTestamentconsistsof14books.ThefouraccountswhichwerebelievedtohavebeenwrittenbyMatthewMarkLukeJohnfourofJesus’earlyfollowersarethefirstpartoft