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1、Unit3BereavementGriefPreparatyWk(1)AccdingtoBritannicaLuigiPirellowaswinnerofthe1934NobelPrizefLiterature.Withhisinventionofthe“theatrewithinthetheatre”intheplaySeipersonaggiincercad’aute(1921SixactersinSearchofanAuth)he
2、becameanimptantinnovatinmoderndrama.Influencedbyhiscatastrophicpersonalexperienceshedevelopedaliterarystyleacterizedby“theexplationofthetightlyclosedwldofthefeverchangeablehumanpersonality”(Britannica).“War”reflectsthiss
3、tyleofpsychologicalrealismfinsteadofdepictingexternalcircumstancesoftheGreatWaritchoosestounderlinethecrueltyofwarfromtheperspectiveofthesoldiers’anxiousgrievingparents.(2)Thestywassetinatraincarriageatdawn.Thewarreferre
4、dtointhestyismostprobablyWldWarIfduringthiswartheauthhimselfwasapsychologicallytmentedfatherbothofwhosesonswerecapturedasprisonersofwar.TheWldWarIwasaninternationalconflictthatresultedfromclashesofinterestamongthewld’sec
5、onomicgreatpowersassembledintwoopposingalliancestheAllies(includingtheUnitedKingdomBritishEmpireFrancetheRussianEmpire)versustheCentralPowersofGermanyAustriaHungary.ItalywasamemberoftheTripleAlliancealongsideGermanyAustr
6、iaHungarythoughitdidnotjointheCentralPowers(Willmott15).ItisgenerallybelievedbyhistiansthatWldWarIwas“virtuallyunprecedentedintheslaughtercarnagedestructionitcaused”(Britannica).Itledtothefalloffourgreatimperialdynasties
7、(GermanyRussiaAustriaHungaryTurkey)resultedintheBolshevikRevolutioninRussiainitsdestabilizationofEuropeansocietylaidthegroundwkfWldWarII.(3)Commonsymptomsofgriefcausedbybereavementincludewistfulnesslethargyhysteriadepres
8、sionsofth.AccdingtothepsychologistElisabethKblerRosspeoplewhohavelostsomeonecloseusuallygothroughfiveemotionalstages:denialangerbargainingdepressionacceptance.(4)Luigilu?id?iPerello?p?r?n?d?lo?Italian?pirɑn?d?ll?Fabriano
9、Italian?fabri?a?noSulmonaItaliansul?monaCriticalReadingI.Understingthetext1.(1)Theirargumentwasaboutwhatattitudeparentsshouldtaketowardstheirchildrengoingtowarkilledinaction.Ofthepassengersthefatmanappearedtohavethestron
10、gestargumentwhosuggestedthatparentsshouldwithholdtheirowngrieffeelproudhappyabouttheirchildrenwholaiddowntheirlivesftheCountry.Hispausehesitationinthedleofthesentence“Oursonsarebnbecause…wellbecausetheymustbebn”mightbese
11、enasarevelationofhischeckedimpulsetoarticulatehispaternalaffection.Itisasifheweretoblurtout“Oursonsarebnbecausewelovethem”.Herefrainedfromsayingsomethinglikethisprobablyffearthathecouldnotcheckhisemotiononcelettingitout.
12、(3)Whenhementioned“girlscigarettesillusionsnewties”hewasreferringtotheelementsofyouthfullifethatweremealluringtoyoungpeoplethantheirparents’affection.Hewastryingtosaythatyoungpeoplehadsomuchtoenjoythattheirliveswouldneve
13、rbecenteredaroundtheirparents.Histhoughtsaboutbeingyoungcanbarelysuppthissubsequentviewthatthereshouldbenomourningfsomeonewhodiedyounghappy.Onthecontrarythefactthatyoungpeoplehavemanygoodthingsinstefthemmakestheirdeathal
14、lthemelamentable.(4)Thefatman’sfeelingfthe“Country”wasmelikelytobeaclichconvenientlyusedtoadvancehisargumentfheusedthe“if”clauseinsteadofstatingitasamatterofcourse.ThisindicateshisawarenessthattheCountrybeinganaturalnece
15、ssityismerelyapopularnotion.Howevertheremightbeanelementofsincerityinhisfeelingsfthe“Country”asherepeatedlyspokeof“decentboys”thatchosetofightftheircountry.ButonthewholethenotionoftheCountrymightjustbeaconvenientplatitud
16、etoveilsuppresshisbitternessabouthisson’sdeath.(5)Thereasonsofferedbythefatmanwhenhesaidayoungmancoulddiehappywerepolygroundedhardlyconvincing.Hewasindeedtryingtorationalizethedeathofhissonsoastoassuagehispainofbereaveme
17、ntbuttherationalizationwastoofragiletobeofanycomfttohim.Thesonmighthavemixedfeelingsabouthisfather’swds.Ontheonehhemightbeabletoundersthisfather’sinnerstrugglebutontheotherhemightfeeluncomftableabouthisfathersayinghedied
18、satisfied.(6)Thequestionisconsidered“silly”“incongruous”fromthepassengers’pointofview.Intheeyesofotherpassengersthefatmanalreadymadehispointclearlythewomanappearedabsentminded.Herquestionwasconsideredsillybecausetheanswe
19、rwasalreadyevident.itwouldseemincongruouswiththewholeatmosphere.Whileotherpassengerswerevoicingtheiragreementwiththefatmanthewoman’squestionwasabruptunexpected.Thispointofviewhasanemotionaleffectthatreinfcesthefatman’slo
20、neliness.Hehadtobattlewithhisemotionalturmoilallonhisownwithalltheotherpeoplebelievinghewascopingreallywell.(7)Allthesefourdefinitionsarecommondenotationsofthewdpatriotismwhichisacontroversialnotion.Itismallyvaluablefitc
21、anarousenoblesentimentsofheroismwithinpeopleunitethemtogetherasawholenation.Butwhetheritshouldbematyisdisputablefitmaybepushedtoanextremerequirepeopletosacrificetheirpersonalinterestfthe“greatergood”thatmightsometimesbeq
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