英語專八-最全英美文學常識

1、英國文學英國文學(EnglishLiterature)4501066OldEnglish(AngloSaxon)Period古英語（或盎格魯—撒克遜）時期10661500dleEnglishPeriod中古英語時期15001660151615781578162516251660TheRenaissance文藝復興1)ThebeginningoftheRenaissance2)Thefloweringperiod3)Theepilogue

2、oftheRenaissance16601785TheNeoclassicalPeriod新古典主義時期17851830TheRomanticPeriod浪漫主義時期18321901TheVictianPeriod維多利亞時期19011914TheEdwardianPeriod愛德華時期19101936TheGegianPeriod喬治五世時期1914TheModernPeriod現(xiàn)代時期1945Postmodernism后現(xiàn)代主義一、

3、一、OldMedievalEnglishLiterature中古英語文學(8世紀14世紀)1)TheOldEnglishPeriodTheAngloSaxonPeriod古英語時期(4491066)a.paganpoetry(異教詩歌):Beowulf《貝奧武甫》最早最早的詩歌；長詩(3000行)heroismaheroicScinavianepiclegend善惡有報b.religiouspoetry:Caedmon(凱德蒙61068

4、0):thefirstknownreligiouspoetthefatherofEnglishsongCynewulf(基涅武甫9C):TheChristc.8thCAngloSaxonprose:VenerableBede(673735)AlfredtheGreat(848901)2)TheMedievalPeriod中世紀(1066ca.14851500):a.Romance中世紀傳奇故事(12001500):thedleAges英

5、雄詩歌無名詩人SirGawaintheGreenKnight《高文爵士與綠色騎士》:Celticlegendverseromance2530lines~14thCAgeofChaucer:GeoffreyChaucer(喬叟13401400):文風：vividexactlanguagehispoetryisfullofvigswiftnessthefatherofEnglishpoetrythefatherofEnglishfictio

6、n首創(chuàng)“雙韻體”首位用倫敦方言寫作英國作家TheCanterburyTales:pilgrimssties受Boccaccio(薄伽丘)Decameron《十日談》啟發(fā)TheHouseofFameTroilusCriseydeTheRomauntoftheRose《玫瑰羅曼史》(譯作)WilliamLangl(朗蘭13321400)：TheVisionofPiersPlowman《農(nóng)夫皮爾斯之幻象》:普通人眼中的社會抗議b.15thCE

7、nglishballads:ThomasMaly(13951471):Mted’Arthur《亞瑟王之死》圓桌騎士二、二、TheRenaissancePeriod英國文藝復興(15001660):humanism十四行詩，文藝復興，無韻詩，伊麗莎白戲劇1)詩歌詩歌HenryHoward(霍華德15161547)a.ThomasWyatt(懷亞特15031542):thefirsttointroducethesonintoEnglishl

8、iteratureb.SirPhilipSidney(雪尼爵士15541586)：代表了當時的理想“thecompleteman”DefenseofPoetry《為詩辯護》AstrophelStellaArcadia《阿卡狄亞》:aproseromancefilledwithlyricsaferunnerofthemodernwldc.EdmundSpenser(斯賓塞15521599):thepoets’poetnondramatic

9、poetof伊麗莎白時代longallegicalromance文風：aperfectmelodyararesenseofbeautyasplendidimagination.TheShepherdCalendarTheFaerieQueen《仙后》：longpoemfQueenElizabethAllegyninelineversestanzatheSpenserianStanzaSpenserianStanza(斯賓塞詩體):Nin

10、elinesthefirsteightlinesisiniambic(抑揚格)pentameter(五步詩)theninthlineisaniambichexameter(六步詩)line.Enlightenthewldwithmodernphilosophicalartisticideasrationalityequality中期(SamuelJohnson)oldclassicsConfmtorulesprinciplesestab

11、lishedbyRomanGreekClassicalwritersuserimedcouplet(押韻的兩行詩)derlogicrestrainedemotionaccuracybejudgedintermsofthethematicconcerna.SamuelPepys(畢博思16331703):Thegreatestdiaristin17thCTheDiaryb.AlexerPope(蒲柏16881744):新古典主義代表mas

12、terinsatireheroiccoupletAgeofPope–18世紀初期文風：詞句工整、精練、富有哲理；對Byron影響巨大firstintroducedrationalismtoEnglAnEssayonCriticism(處女作)AnEssayonManOdysseyTheRapeoftheLock《奪發(fā)記》Dunciad《愚人記》c.RidSteele(斯梯爾16721729)Addisonwroteessays抨擊封建偏

13、見，傲慢的富人，及大眾對賭博和決斗的反感TheSpectat(旁觀者報)：共同創(chuàng)辦；theSpectatClub現(xiàn)代英語小說先鋒貢獻：資產(chǎn)階級新社會道德；18世紀英國社會真實寫照；英語散文正式成為一大文學流派d.SamuelJohnson(字典約翰17091784):literarydictat“grchampioninliteratureofthatage”TheDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage:英語字典的

14、基礎；TheLivesofEnglishpoets:52earlyEnglishpoets2)十八世紀小說的崛起十八世紀小說的崛起:首批首批英國小說家–theSentimentalistFatherofEnglishEuropeanNovelsMollFlersTheLifeStrangeSurprisingAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe:thefirstpersonsingularCrusoerepresente

15、dtheEnglishbourgeoisieattheearlystageofitsdevelopment.AJournalofthePlagueYearb.HenryFielding(菲爾丁17071754小說家英國現(xiàn)代小說創(chuàng)始人；comicepicinprose創(chuàng)始人文風：exactstudyobservationofreallifeJosephrewsAmeliaTheHistyofTomJonesaFoundling《棄嬰湯姆瓊

16、斯的故事》:18世紀英國群像；Mr.Allwthy“ProseHum”c.JonathanSwift(斯威夫特16671745政論家“Properwdsinproperplacesmakesthetruedefinitionsofastyle”Gulliver’sTravels《格列佛游記》:Liliput(小人國)Brogdingnagians(大人國)Laputa(勒普泰島)Houyhnhnms(慧馬國)TheBattleofthe

17、BooksTheTaleofaTubAModestProposal(bitterirony)d.TobiasGegeSmollett(17211771)：冒險小說Sentimentalism(感傷主義感傷主義):Itindulgesinemotionsentimentwhichareusedasastofrelieffthegrieffelttowardsthewld’swrongsasakindofmildprotestagainst

18、socialinjustice.a.SamuelRidson(理查森16891761):thefounderoftheEnglishdomesticnovel小說開始審視“發(fā)生于內(nèi)心的東西”PamelaClarissaTheHistyofSirlesGrisonb.LaurenceSterne(斯特恩17131768)：LifeOpinionsofTristramShy《項狄傳》unusualqueerartisticfmc.Olive

19、rGoldsmith(戈德史密斯17281774)：RomanticschoolTheDesertedVillage《荒村》ShestoopstoConquerTheVicarofWakefield《威克菲爾德的牧師》：oneofthemostenduringactersinEnglishfiction3)PoetryofthePreRomanticismSentimentalism(前浪漫主義和感傷主義詩歌)：18世紀中期a.Jame

20、sThomson(湯姆森17001748蘇格蘭)：TheSeasons:themenatureblankverse；thefirstsignificantpoeminthetraditionofPreRomanticismb.EdwardYoung(楊16831765)c.WilliamCollins(柯林斯17211759)：OdetoEvening《晚頌》d.ThomasGray(格雷17161771)：sympathyfthepo

21、unknownmocksthegreatoneswhodespisehurtthemElergyWritteninaCountryChurchyard《墓園挽歌》；OdeontheSpringe.WilliamBlake(布萊克17571827浪漫派詩人、畫家、雕刻家)：symbolismTheMarriageofHeavenHellSongsofExperience《經(jīng)驗之歌》:TheTigerLondonTheChimneySwee

22、per《掃煙囪的孩子》世間的丑惡SongsofInnocence《天真之歌》:TheLambPoeticalSketches《素描詩集》f.RobertBurns(彭斯17591796蘇格蘭)：thegreatestsongwriterthenationalpoetofScotlthepeople’spoet文風：lyricsonlovefriendshipsimplicityScotchdialectsMyHeart’sintheHi