個體虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)系統(tǒng)的教學(xué)適用性及推廣價值探討

1、上海師范大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文 摘要 摘要 摘要 傳統(tǒng)意義上理解 VR 是頭戴式虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)設(shè)備的簡稱，但從本質(zhì)上講虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù) VR（Virtual Reality） 從構(gòu)成原理上來說就是脫離于現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的虛擬世界： 戲劇、 電影、 游戲、小說等這些可視化或者說可被人體感官接收的信息體驗(yàn)都可以稱為虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)的一種模式。而AR （A

2、ugmented Reality） 就是人類制造出來幫助加強(qiáng)自身對于現(xiàn)實(shí)世界感官體驗(yàn)的一種工具，一把刀、一部手電筒、一支望遠(yuǎn)鏡、一枚打火機(jī)、一部電話等都可以稱作是 AR 的一種傳統(tǒng)的模式， 如今以計算機(jī)圖形運(yùn)算與計算機(jī)視覺傳感運(yùn)算為基礎(chǔ)的 VR 或 AR 虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)和增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)，通過計算機(jī)的模擬運(yùn)算分析，創(chuàng)造一個可視化的虛擬空間，或是傳感掃描真實(shí)環(huán)境從而增強(qiáng)人類對所處真實(shí)場景的感官體驗(yàn)。VR 依賴的是硬件的運(yùn)算能力，以及用戶動作捕捉迅

3、速反饋到虛擬環(huán)境的能力，AR 依靠的是對現(xiàn)實(shí)世界信息數(shù)據(jù)的采集與建模，并將有用的數(shù)據(jù)信息畫面投影到畫面上與現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的信息融合。 虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)在游戲、電影、及軍事、工程、醫(yī)療等培訓(xùn)領(lǐng)域里有很廣闊的應(yīng)用前景，而且已經(jīng)被廣大從業(yè)人員應(yīng)用于相關(guān)的領(lǐng)域， 本文希望能從教育技術(shù)發(fā)展的角度， 以及從感知心理及潛意識的角度來做出一些分析， 探尋個人 VR/AR 系統(tǒng)對我們的數(shù)字化生活以及教學(xué)技術(shù)等方面會帶來多大的影響與改變。 學(xué)習(xí)、 教育對視聽環(huán)境的要

4、求與電影電子游戲?qū)σ暵牠h(huán)境的要求也有許多不同的地方， 首先電影主要是影像的如何呈現(xiàn)以及如何敘說故事的藝術(shù)， 它的視聽環(huán)境根據(jù)影片導(dǎo)演的安排及其內(nèi)容的需要， 會要求觀眾對故事場景或者導(dǎo)演交代的內(nèi)容有意識的沉浸進(jìn)去才能感受到其中的樂趣，而我們的個體虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)教學(xué)對于沉浸感也有一定的需求，但卻并沒有電影或電子游戲?qū)Τ两械囊竽敲锤撸?在教學(xué)過程中有時候還需要學(xué)生能暫時脫離教師當(dāng)前教授的內(nèi)容通過自己發(fā)散性思維思考， 加強(qiáng)記憶， 在教學(xué)上對虛擬場

5、景的要求或許是需要模擬出適當(dāng)?shù)囊粋€或幾個環(huán)境與場景， 來配合教學(xué)過程， 讓學(xué)生有一個真實(shí)的環(huán)境感受，這對內(nèi)容的制作要求也是不一樣的， 教育教學(xué)方面的環(huán)境模擬旨在對實(shí)際訓(xùn)練教學(xué)中比較不容易實(shí)現(xiàn)但是確又是教學(xué)目標(biāo)比較希望達(dá)到的一些要求進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)男Ч麖?qiáng)化練習(xí)， 如果虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)能夠全面的應(yīng)用到實(shí)際的教學(xué)訓(xùn)練中會有非常大的幫助， 降低和規(guī)避了實(shí)際操作中有風(fēng)險的教學(xué)內(nèi)容 在大多數(shù)國家，普通學(xué)校的學(xué)習(xí)考試其實(shí)比較大部分的還是停留在書面與筆試中，實(shí)際

6、操作課程在考試的難度與評判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上因?yàn)椴僮魃系碾y度還沒有被廣泛采納， 這也導(dǎo)致了大部分學(xué)生動手能力與國外普通學(xué)生有些許差距，如果能適當(dāng)?shù)囊?VR 概念的教學(xué)和課程，或許會對我們學(xué)生的動手能力有一個安全的促進(jìn)的作用；在游戲領(lǐng)域 VR 沉浸式體驗(yàn)也已經(jīng)慢慢開展起來了，同時 VR 也涉足了一部分藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域，在教學(xué)領(lǐng)域，最早應(yīng)用 VR 概念的應(yīng)該是飛行員宇航員的訓(xùn)練或是類似外科手術(shù)一類等在新手的訓(xùn)練實(shí)操過程中有一定危險性的訓(xùn)練內(nèi)容； 國外已經(jīng)有部

7、分學(xué)校應(yīng)用 VR 設(shè)備來做一些遠(yuǎn)程的教學(xué)活動， 學(xué)生的反饋就是使用 VR 設(shè)備的過程中在Shanghai Normal University Abstract Abstract In the traditional meaning, VR is a media that shows a virtual world o

8、ut of the real world, Dramas, movies, games, novels, and these visual media can be called as one kind of “VR” experience in an old traditional way. Different from VR, AR is more like a tool for which had been made to enh

9、ance the human beings’ ability to live in the real world. A knife, a flashlight, a telescope, a lighter, a telephone all can be known as a traditional way of “AR”, as a new way VR means a computer graphic technology that

10、 simulates a virtual environment with which a user can interact. VR rely on the computer hardware power as well as the speed whole system can react when catching the movement of the user, AR rely on the system data acqui

11、sition and modeling power to the real world and the power of projecting the virtual object to the screen and combining with the real stuff. Virtual reality has very board prospect in the games, movies, military, engineer

12、ing, medical and other training fields, and been used for practical application in the relevant fields. Such as pilot training and engineering prospecting. This paper is composed from the view of science and technology d

13、evelopment as well as the perspective of psychological and subconscious. In order to explore the impact and change that personal VR/AR system will make in our normal life and education. The requirement of the visual envi

14、ronment of education and movie or video game is far different from each other. At first, movie is a kind of art that to arrange images and to tell people a good story, Directors decide how to present the scene, and peopl

15、e need to concentrate on the screen to feel the story in a right way. On the other hand, different from movie or video games education need less requirement of immersion, sometimes teachers even want the students to have

16、 divergent thought in order to learn better. It may take one or two scenes for teachers to teach and the student to learn, but it takes much more scenes for directors to direct a movie. Therefore, the demands of the cont

17、ent are different either. Another thing VR system can do for education is reduces the risk of some course in training, such as explosion disposal or parachute etc., which is a serious threat to peoples’ life. In many cou

18、ntry, Courses or exams that been taken in junior or senior high school was still process in writing form. It’s true that writing test is more easy to operate and grade, but VR system offer us a great option to make stude

19、nt learn better and view better, especially in science lessons, abstract concepts in science will have a direct view for us to reveal, and it’s more easy for students to manipulate. VR immersive system has been carried o

20、ut in the field of video game so as it involved in some of the art field and education field. We have a great view that VR/AR can do in our normal life and in the integration of virtual reality and reality. There is stil