謝孟媛英文初級(jí)文法全集筆記完美版

1、1名詞 名詞的功用。當(dāng)主語，補(bǔ)語，受詞1. 名詞的種類 名詞的種類 單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù)普通名詞 普通名詞 book pencil. Dog. Spaceship 宇宙飛船、集合名詞 集合名詞 class, family, audience 聽眾。例如 1. My family is large. 我家是一個(gè)大家庭。2. My family are all early risers 起早的人。 我家人都起的很早. 專用名詞 專用名詞

2、 Bob, Smith, April, London.-----專用名詞前不能加冠詞 不加 S下面的專用名詞需要加上定冠詞。The united states . 美國 The united Nations .聯(lián)合國。物質(zhì)名詞 物質(zhì)名詞 glass wood paper butter fruit 數(shù)字 ＋ 容器（度量衡）＋ of ＋ 物質(zhì)名詞a loaf of bread 一片面包。 Loaves of bre

3、ad 很多面包 A cup of coffee. 一杯咖啡。 A sheet of paper. 一張紙。 Two sheets of paper.兩張紙 A spoonful of sugar 一勺糖。抽象名詞 抽象名詞 beauty 美麗 honesty 誠實(shí) love 愛 patience 耐心happiness 幸福 music 音樂。2. 名詞的數(shù) 名詞的數(shù) 單數(shù)/ 個(gè)數(shù) 2 以上是復(fù)數(shù)名詞字尾加 s

4、大多數(shù) dog dogs book books girl girls 名詞字尾為 s.sh.ch.x.o 加 es classes buses dishes benches boxes名詞字尾為子音加 o，加 es 如 tomatoes 例外 photos pianos 名詞字尾為＋y 的復(fù)數(shù)名詞要去 y ＋ ies baby-babies story-stories city-cities lady-ladi

5、es 名詞字尾為 f 或 fe 去 f/fe ＋ ves 如 leaf-leaves knife-knives wife-wives 例外 handkerchiefs chiefs roofs 不規(guī)則變化的復(fù)數(shù)名名詞字尾加 en , 或 ren 如 Ox-oxen , child-children改變母音 如 man-men woman-women goose-geese tooth-teeth mouse-m

6、ice 單復(fù)數(shù)同形 如 fish deer sheep chineses japanese One fish two fish(個(gè)) a kind of fish two kinds of fishes（種）3. 名詞的所有格 名詞的所有格單數(shù)名詞：名詞's 例如 The boy's schoolbag/ Joan's dress復(fù)數(shù)名詞：名詞 s' 例如 a girls'

7、school/ these students' teacher字尾非 s 的復(fù)數(shù)名詞:名詞's 例如 children's playground 操場(chǎng)特別注意的所有格用法 特別注意的所有格用法共同所有格：名詞＋名詞＋名詞's個(gè)別所有格：名詞's＋名詞's＋名詞's 1 Harry and Bill's father is a scientist 2.Harry'

8、s and Bill's fathers are scientists （無）生物 所有格： A 的 B B of A the legs of the table the door of the car the girl's name 有生命的東西可以這樣用 the name of the girl所有格之后的名詞如在句中非常容易理解時(shí)可以省略1. she's going to the dentist

9、's 2． I met him at the barber's（shop） 3. We like to eat lunch at McDonald's. 我們?cè)邴湲?dāng)老吃午餐。3has一般動(dòng)詞的否定句:不可在一般動(dòng)詞后加 not 必須用助動(dòng)詞 do/does do 用于主詞為 I you 復(fù)數(shù)does 用于主詞為第三人稱單數(shù)否定句:主詞＋do/does＋not＋原型動(dòng)詞The twin brothers go

10、 to school by bus.The twin brothers do not go to school by bus. don't Sam has dinner at the restaurant.Sam doesn't have dinner at the restaurant.一般動(dòng)詞的疑問句：Do/Does＋主詞＋ 動(dòng)詞原型。You visit your grandmother on Sunday.Do

11、you visit your grandmother on Sunday? He comes from England. Does he come from England？do/does 開頭的疑問句回答:用 yes/no 之后用 do/ does 回答Does the little boy go to school?Yes,he does. No,he doesn't 一般過去式 一般過去式be 動(dòng)詞一般動(dòng)詞的過去式 動(dòng)詞

12、一般動(dòng)詞的過去式be 動(dòng)詞的過去式 was/were am/is-as are-were 過去時(shí) be 動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞表示過去時(shí)間中發(fā)生的狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)在不現(xiàn)在式 He is busy now. 過去式 He was busy then. 那時(shí)他很忙。時(shí)間副詞改變，動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)也必須改變。My parents are at home now。我的父母現(xiàn)在在家。My parents were at home yesterday.我的父母昨天

13、在家。Be 動(dòng)詞 動(dòng)詞(過去式 過去式)的否定句 的否定句：主詞＋was/were＋not Mr brown was a vet. 否定 Mr brown wasn't a vet .Joe and brian were in the living room at that time.at that time=then 否定 Joe and brian weren't in the living room at t

14、hat time ,Be 動(dòng)詞過去式的疑問句： 動(dòng)詞過去式的疑問句： was/were＋主詞Wendy was in the seventh grade last year. Wendy 去年讀 7 年級(jí)。Was Wendy in the seventh grade last year?Were you a pianist? Piano 鋼琴 pianist 鋼琴家。Yes,I was. No,I wasn't.一般

15、動(dòng)詞的過去式 一般動(dòng)詞的過去式：規(guī)則變化/不規(guī)則變化規(guī)則變化+ed [t][d][id],無聲則[t]，有聲則[d],字尾是[t]或[d]則[id]原型動(dòng)詞＋ed helped[p][t] spelled [l][d] wanted [t][id] needed 原型動(dòng)詞有 e＋d loved dance danced 有例外 write worte原型動(dòng)詞為子音＋短母音＋子音（本身比較短）：重復(fù)字尾加 ed 如 s