[雙語(yǔ)翻譯]男女平等外文翻譯--男女平等是否促進(jìn)社會(huì)信任？實(shí)證分析（節(jié)選）

1、中文 中文 3600 字， 字，2000 英文單詞， 英文單詞，1.1 萬(wàn)英文字符 萬(wàn)英文字符文獻(xiàn)出處： 文獻(xiàn)出處：Cho S Y. Does Gender Equality Promote Social Trust? An Empirical Analysis[J]. World Development, 2016, 88:175-187.Does Gender Equality Promote Social Trust? An Em

2、pirical AnalysisSEO-YOUNG CHOSummary Fairness is an important factor that promotes social trust by reducing social heterogeneity and gaps between people. This paper empirically investigates whether gender equality—fairne

3、ss between men and women—increases social trust by analyzing a global sample from the World Values Survey. The findings show that gender discriminatory values negatively affect the trust levels of both men and women, whi

4、le women’s status in labor, education, and political dimensions is not a significant determinant. These results indicate that values regarding gender equality (fair values) are arguably more important to social trust tha

5、n the actual socioeconomic conditions of women (fair conditions). Furthermore, the effect of gender equality varies across countries with different levels of gender endowments. Gender-related values are an important fact

6、or of social trust in countries where gender equality is relatively high, but its effect is minimal in countries with greater gender discrimination. This finding implies that fairness is a more essential social value in

7、countries where equality is already established. Finally, the empirical investigation finds a stronger effect of gender equality on men than on women—especially in high gender-equal countries. This result contradicts the

8、 initial expectation that gender equality influences women more significantly and thus, the effect should be larger for them. A possible explanation for this result is that gender equality establishes a more trustworthy

9、environment of men which increases their trust level more.Key words — social trust, gender equality, fairness, values survey, worldwide1. INTRODUCTION Informal institutions—particularly social trust—are important to prom

10、ote economic growth, as social trust can supplement or substitute formal institutions in maintaining law and order as well as keeping promises between individuals. In the literature, many socioeconomic factors were exa

11、mined and proposed as determinants of trust—such as income, education, formal institutions, culture, and history (see Alesina Algan Glaeser, Laibson, Scheinkman, Nunn Glaeser et al., 2000). This finding leads to the

12、 argument that gender equality is a driving force of promoting social trust. In fact, empirical evidence supporting the role of women’s empowerment in the enhancement of trust and social capital is well-documented—Jansse

13、ns (2010) sites the of women in all years investigated. The pattern shows an inverted U-curve with a decline of trust level from 2005 to 2010 that is identical for both men and women. In addition to the yearly developmen

14、t, the trust level varies between countries to a significant extent (country-level standard deviations are 14.54 for males and 14.90 for females, respectively). Figures 2 and 3 present the distributions of the trust leve

15、l of individual countries at the beginning and end of the investigation period—1995 and 2010, respectively. These graphs further indicate that trust levels vary not only across countries but also across time periods.Figu