外文翻譯--對(duì)非營(yíng)利組織參與社區(qū)公共服務(wù)的研究 職能、途徑和關(guān)系（原文）

1、2010 International Conference on Public Administration (ICPA 6th ) Edited by ZHU Xiao-ning and ZHAO Shu-rong ·729·ICPA The Study on NPO’s Participating in Community Public Service: Function, Path a

2、nd Relation? QIU Meng-hua Public Administration Department of Social Sciences College, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, P.R. China, 201620 Abstract Since the 1980s, community public service in China

3、 has developed under the promotion of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, and is currently experiencing the transition from the model of administrative-supply to the model of multicenter supply. Due to NPO’s features of not

4、-for-profit and volunteer participation, NPO has the advantage over the government and the market, and plays an important role in the provision of community public services by optimizing the allocation of community re

5、sources, fostering social capital in community and meeting the growing diverse needs of the residents. The ways of NPO’s participating to provide community public services include “government purchasing services”, “ent

6、rustment-agent”, “and the fund subsidies” and “self-governing”. To build service-oriented government and promote the government’s public service functions to be community-based, the Government and the NPO should form t

7、he relation of functional complementation, power shared and mechanically connected multiple-interactive governance network. Key words Community public service, Nonprofit organization (NPO), Function, Path, Relation 1

8、Introduction Since 1980s, NPO has risen rapidly in the global scope and regarded as the most profound organization innovation and social change in the 20th century. So the American scholar Lester Salamon said: we are in

9、 a global revolution of association. As far as Developed countries and regional are concerned, NPO is the most important main body of community public service and plays an important role to promote the development of c

10、ommunity public service. There is grave imbalance between supply and demand in development of community public service in current China. It is the important content of constructing a socialist harmonious society to bet

11、ter community public service and provides abundant community public service products. In recent years, NPO has developed rapidly in China and devoted into community public service actively, providing a diverse, multile

12、vel community public services. In 2006, the State Council promulgated “the notion on strengthening and improving of community service work”, and suggested to foster the kind of NPO with aim to provide community servic

13、e. The governmental purchasing service provided by NPO has become a common trend increasingly in Shanghai. This article will study the function and paths of NPO’s participation in community public service, and the rela

14、tionship between the NPO and the Government to study. 2 The meaning and the development course of community public service 2.1 The meaning of community public service There are two types of definitions of community serv

15、ice, the broad one and the narrow one, in current academic circle. The broad definition of community service includes welfare services and quasi-commercial services, while the narrow definition one only refers to welfar

16、e services[1]. The difference between the broad and the narrow definition of community service is the embodiment of the difference between the single welfare character and the mixed character of welfare and profit of

17、community service, and it is also the reflection of the contradictions between theory and practice. Many scholars believe that it is necessary to coordinate and redefine the meaning of community service, and Yang Tuan

18、is the most influential one among them. ? Financed by Humanities and Social Science Research Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (09YJC840025), Science Foundation for Selecting and Training Excellent Young Teac

19、hers in Shanghai Universities of the Commission of Education of Shanghai (NO.gjd08030), and Scientific Research Foundation for Doctoral Candidates of Shanghai University of Engineering Science (NO.A-0500-09-001) 2010 I

20、nternational Conference on Public Administration (ICPA 6th ) Edited by ZHU Xiao-ning and ZHAO Shu-rong ·731·ICPA “Notion on strengthening and improving community service work” by the State Council.

21、 This document formulated that it is necessary to promote public service system vigorously to cover the government’s public service to all communities, and to cultivate NPOs to participate in community service and enc

22、ourage various types of organizations to carry out community service. In May 2007, the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the National Development and Reform Commission jointly constitute “the Eleventh-five plan of the deve

23、lopment of community service system”. 3 The functions and advantages of NPOs’ participating in community public services 3.1 The functions of NPOs’ participating in community public services (1) The providers of commun

24、ity public service As one of the multibodies, NPOs’ active participation in community public services can meet the growing diverse needs of the population better. NPOs have exceeded the original scope of community serv

25、ice and extended to community welfare, community assistance, education, health care, culture and sport, environmental protection, housekeeping service, as well as residential management, nearly covering all kinds of co

26、mmunity work in recent years, and became as the main place of implementation of China’s Social Security[5]. (2) The propeller of grass-roots democracy in community On the one hand, the development of NPO is propitious

27、to promote the adjustment of neighborhood committee’s roles and functions, and restore the essence of mass self-organization better. On the other hand, the development of NPO lends itself to residents’ fully participati

28、on in community activities, and helps to realize community self-management, self-service and self-development. (3) The lubricant of community development NPO’s not-for-profit characteristic makes it playing as lubrican

29、t to better the relationship between the Government and residents and alleviate social conflicts[6]. NPO has become an important bridge connecting the Government and the citizen, and conduces to the construction of harm

30、onious community. (4) The activator of community social capital The inherent characteristics of NPO gave it the advantage in creating social capital. NPO’s not-for-profit characteristic can improve the quality of resi

31、dents’ moral and promote the formation of mutual help among residents, increasing social capital. On the other hand, NPO’s characteristics of nongovernmental and autonomy make it is easy for residents to carry out self

32、-government activities coincidently, resulting in improving the efficiency and effectiveness of community public service. 3.2 The advantages of NPOs’ participating in community public services First, NPO’s not-for-prof

33、it characteristic is propitious to raise funds wider and use money more efficient. It is very obvious that NPO can make up the Government’s disadvantage about less bankroll and lower efficiency. Second, NPO is often are

34、 often guide by a particular “purpose”, which is a nonprofit purposes, representing a strong concept about justice, to make NPO become the very organization with the strongest sense of mission to integrate fairness and

35、 efficiency. Third, NPO with the characteristics of flexibility, spontaneity and grass-roots representative is more sensitive to the needs of residents and easier to obtain accurate information about community service,

36、 to provide better various services. Fourth, the NPO’s voluntary characteristic helps to improve residents’ positive participation in community construction and community public service. NPO provides a platform for mu

37、ltibodies to participate and try for better community public interests, and overcomes the shortcomings of loose interpersonal relationship and too much emphasis on material interests. 4 The content and ways of NPOs’ par

38、ticipating in community public service Currently, NPO has been involved in many areas of community public services. In this part, the author will take the Case of community services for the aged in Xianxia Subdistrict o

39、f Shanghai Changning District to analysis the ways of NPOs’ participating in community public service. 4.1 Government purchases services The government’s purchasing community services for the aged mainly reflects in th