自考英美文學(xué)選讀要點(diǎn)總結(jié)整理出考點(diǎn)26位作家完整

1、1英美文學(xué)選讀要點(diǎn)總結(jié)精心整理 英美文學(xué)選讀要點(diǎn)總結(jié)精心整理(只考 只考 26 位作家 位作家)[英國』 英國』Chapter1 The Renaissance period（14 世紀(jì)至十七世紀(jì)中葉）文藝復(fù)興 世紀(jì)至十七世紀(jì)中葉）文藝復(fù)興1. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主義是文藝復(fù)興的核心。2. the Greek and Roman civiliz

2、ation was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.人文主義作為文藝復(fù)興的起源是因?yàn)楣畔ＥD羅馬文明的基礎(chǔ)是以“人”為中心，人是萬物之靈。3. Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to

3、see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy.人文主義者們卻從古代文化

4、遺產(chǎn)中找到充足的論據(jù)，來贊美人性，并開始注意到人類是崇高的生命，人可以不斷發(fā)展完善自己，而且世界是屬于他們的，供他們懷疑，探索以及享受。4. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.托馬斯.摩爾，克利斯朵夫.馬洛和威廉.莎士比亞是英國人文主義的代表

5、。5. Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.懷亞特將彼特拉克的十四行詩引進(jìn)英國。6. The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assimilation.英國文藝復(fù)興初期只是一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)模仿與同化的階段。7. The goals of humanis

6、tic poetry are: skillful handling of conventions, force of language, and, above all, the development of a rhetorical plan in which meter, rhyme, scheme, imagery and argument should all be combined to frame the emotional

7、theme and throw it into high relief.人文主義詩歌的主要目標(biāo)是對傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗的熟練運(yùn)用，語言的力度與氣概，而最重要的是發(fā)展了修辭模式，即將格律，韻腳（式） ，組織結(jié)構(gòu)，意象（比喻，描述）與議論都結(jié)合起來勾畫出情感主題，并將其極為鮮明生動(dòng)的表現(xiàn)出來。8. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Mar

8、lowe, William Shakespeare, and Ben Jonson.文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期英國最著名的戲劇家有克利斯朵夫.馬洛，威廉.莎士比亞與本.約翰遜。9. Francis Bacon (1561-1626), the first important English essayist.費(fèi)蘭西斯.培根是英國歷史上最重要的散文家。(III)William Shakespeare 威廉 威廉.莎士比亞 莎士比亞17. Th

9、e first period of his dramatic career, he wrote five history plays: Henry VI, Parts I, II, and III, Richard III, and Titus Andronicus; and four comedies: The Comedy of Errors, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, The Taming of t

10、he Shrew, and Love’s Labour’s Lost.在他戲劇創(chuàng)作生涯的第一個(gè)階段，他創(chuàng)作了五部歷史?。骸逗嗬馈?， 《理查三世》 ， 《泰托斯.安東尼》以及四部喜?。骸跺e(cuò)誤的戲劇》 ， 《維洛那二紳士》 ， 《馴悍記》和《愛的徒勞》 。18. In the second period, he wrote five histories: Richard II, King John, Henry IV, Parts I

11、 and II, and Henry V; six comedies: A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It, Twelfth Night, and The Merry Wives of Windsor; and two tragedies: Romeo and Juliet and Julius

12、 Caesar.在第二階段，他寫了五部歷史?。骸独聿槿馈?， 《約翰王》 ， 《亨利四世》 ， 《亨利五世》以及六部喜劇《仲夏夜之夢》 ， 《威尼斯商人》 ，《無事生非》 ， 《皆大歡喜》 ， 《第十二夜》 ， 《溫莎的風(fēng)流娘兒們》 ，還有兩部悲?。骸读_密歐與朱麗葉》和《裘利斯.凱撒》 。19. Shakespeare’s third period includes his greatest tragedies and his so-

13、called dark comedies. The tragedies of this period are Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra, Troilus and Cressida, and Coriolanus. The two comedies are All’s Well That Ends and Measure for Measure.第三

14、階段誕生了莎翁最偉大的悲劇和他自稱的黑色喜?。ɑ虮矂。?，悲劇有：《哈姆雷特》 ， 《奧賽羅》 ， 《李爾王》 《麥克白》 《安東尼與克利奧佩特拉》 《特羅伊勒斯與克利西達(dá)》及《克里奧拉那斯》 。兩部喜劇是《終成眷屬》和《一報(bào)還一報(bào)》 。20. The last period of Shakespeare’s work includes his principle romantic tragicomedies: Pericles, C

15、ymbeline, The Winter’s Tale and The Tempest; and his two plays: Henry VIII and The Two Noble Kinsmen.最后一個(gè)時(shí)期的作品主要有浪漫悲喜?。骸恫锟死?《辛白林》 《冬天的故事》與《暴風(fēng)雨》 。他最后兩部劇是《亨利八世》與《魯克里斯受辱記》 。21. Shakespeare’s sonnets are the only direct ex

16、pression of the poet’s own feelings.這些十四行詩都是莎翁直抒胸臆的成果。33. Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas.運(yùn)動(dòng)的主旨便是用當(dāng)代哲學(xué)與藝術(shù)思想的晨光啟迪整個(gè)世界。4. Enlighteners held t

17、hat rationality or reason should be the only, the final cause of any human thought and activities. They called for a reference to order, reason and rules.啟蒙者主張理性是任何人思想與行動(dòng)的唯一緣由。他們大力提倡秩序，理性及法律。5. As a matter of fact,

18、literature at the time, heavily didactic and moralizing, became a very popular means of public education.其實(shí)，當(dāng)時(shí)的文學(xué)作品種充滿了說教與道德理念，就已經(jīng)成為大眾教育的良好工具。6. Famous among the great enlighteners in England were those great writer

19、s like John Dryden, Alexander Pope, Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, the two pioneers of familiar essays, Jonathan Swift, Daniel Defoe, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Henry Fielding and Samuel Johnson.英國著名的啟蒙主義文學(xué)家有約翰.德

20、萊頓，亞歷山大.蒲柏，約瑟夫.艾迪森與理查.斯蒂爾（這兩位是現(xiàn)代散文的先驅(qū)） ，喬納森.斯威夫特，丹尼爾.迪福，理查.B.謝立丹，亨利.費(fèi)爾丁和塞繆爾.約翰遜。7. In the field of literature, the Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works.在文學(xué)領(lǐng)域，啟蒙主義運(yùn)動(dòng)還使

21、人們重新對古典時(shí)代的著作產(chǎn)生興趣。8. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity.他們認(rèn)為理想的藝術(shù)應(yīng)基于秩序，邏輯，確切及情感控制的

22、基礎(chǔ)上，而文學(xué)作品的價(jià)值評判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)該看它是否為人文主義服務(wù)。9. Thus a polite, urbane, witty, and intellectual art developed.由此一種溫文爾雅，充滿靈性的知識分子文學(xué)藝術(shù)發(fā)展起來。10. Neoclassicists had some fixed laws and rules for almost every genre of literature.在幾乎所有的文學(xué)

23、形式中，新古典主義者們都設(shè)定了創(chuàng)作的規(guī)矩與條框。11. Drama should be written in the heroic Couplets (iambic pentameter rhymed in two lines); the three unities of time, space and action should be strictly observed; regularity in construction shou

24、ld be adhered to, and type characters rather than individuals should be represented.戲劇必須用英雄體偶劇（抑揚(yáng)五音步的押韻雙行詩）寫就；時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，事件三要素必須要遵循；寫作的規(guī)矩必須要遵守，而作品中的人物要代表一類人，而不是個(gè)性化。12. But it had a lasting wholesome influence upon English lit

25、erature. (套話)但新古典主義對英國文學(xué)史產(chǎn)生過持久的全面的影響。13. The poetic techniques and certain classical graces such as order, good form, unified structure, clarity and conciseness of language developed in this period have become a permanen

26、t heritage.在這一時(shí)期出現(xiàn)的詩歌技巧與古典氣質(zhì)，如秩序，優(yōu)美的格式，統(tǒng)一的結(jié)構(gòu)，簡明的語言都成為永恒的文學(xué)傳統(tǒng)。14. The mid-century was, however, predominated by a newly rising literary form---the modern English novel, which, contrary to the traditional romance of aristo

27、crats, gives a realistic presentation of life of the common English people.十八世紀(jì)中葉，還興起一種嶄新的文學(xué)形式----英國現(xiàn)代小說，這種文學(xué)與傳統(tǒng)貴族的騎士文學(xué)相反，著重描寫英國普通百姓的生活。15. Among the pioneers were Daniel Defoe, Samuel Richardson, Henry Fielding, Laurenc

28、e Sterne, Tobias George Smollett, and Oliver Goldsmith.英國現(xiàn)代小說的先驅(qū)有丹尼爾.迪福，塞繆爾.理查德，亨利.費(fèi)爾丁，勞倫斯.斯泰思，托比亞斯.斯摩萊特以及奧立弗.哥爾斯密。16. From the middle part to the end of the century there was also an apparent shift of interest from the

29、classicliterary tradition to originality and imagination, from society to individual, and from the didactic to the confessional, inspirational and prophetic.從十八世紀(jì)中葉至十八世紀(jì)末，還出現(xiàn)了古典文學(xué)傳統(tǒng)向獨(dú)創(chuàng)性與豐富聯(lián)想性的轉(zhuǎn)移，社會描寫向個(gè)性描寫的轉(zhuǎn)移，說教向懺悔，鼓勵(lì)及預(yù)示的

30、轉(zhuǎn)移。17. Gothic novels---mostly stories of mystery and horror.哥特式小說----主要講述恐怖神秘的故事。18. Jonathan Swift’s A Modest Proposal being generally regarded as the best model of satire, not only of the period but also in the whole E