簡介：信息化信息化項(xiàng)目工程建設(shè)其他費(fèi)用取費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)項(xiàng)目工程建設(shè)其他費(fèi)用取費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一、一、取費(fèi)依據(jù)及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)取費(fèi)依據(jù)及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)表61信息化項(xiàng)目工程其他費(fèi)用項(xiàng)目及取費(fèi)依據(jù)匯總表序號工程建設(shè)其他費(fèi)用工程建設(shè)其他費(fèi)用計(jì)費(fèi)計(jì)費(fèi)取費(fèi)依據(jù)取費(fèi)依據(jù)1建設(shè)單位管理費(fèi)計(jì)費(fèi)基數(shù)采用直線內(nèi)插法確定基價財(cái)建2002394號代建項(xiàng)目執(zhí)行粵府200612號2設(shè)計(jì)費(fèi)計(jì)費(fèi)基數(shù)采用直線內(nèi)插法確定基價再乘以調(diào)整系數(shù)計(jì)算計(jì)價格200210號3監(jiān)理費(fèi)施工階段計(jì)費(fèi)基數(shù)采用直線內(nèi)插法確定基價再乘以調(diào)整系數(shù)計(jì)算深價規(guī)20091號、發(fā)改價格2007670號；深圳經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)建設(shè)工程監(jiān)理?xiàng)l例發(fā)生勘察、設(shè)計(jì)、保修等階段監(jiān)理時計(jì)取相應(yīng)監(jiān)理費(fèi)。4前期工作咨詢費(fèi)計(jì)費(fèi)基數(shù)采用直線內(nèi)插法確定基價再乘以調(diào)整系數(shù)計(jì)算計(jì)價格19991283號5招標(biāo)代理服務(wù)費(fèi)計(jì)費(fèi)基數(shù)采用直線內(nèi)插法確定基價計(jì)價格20021980號5其他（人防易地建設(shè)費(fèi)、科學(xué)試驗(yàn)費(fèi)等）按相關(guān)規(guī)定計(jì)取根據(jù)項(xiàng)目情況而定二、二、計(jì)算規(guī)則計(jì)算規(guī)則（一）建設(shè)單位管理費(fèi)建設(shè)單位管理費(fèi)1、取費(fèi)依據(jù)財(cái)政部基本建設(shè)財(cái)務(wù)管理規(guī)定（財(cái)建2002394號）及廣東省政府投資省屬非經(jīng)營性項(xiàng)目代建管理辦法（試行）（粵府200612號）。2、取費(fèi)方法（1）一般項(xiàng)目根據(jù)表62按內(nèi)插法計(jì)算表62建設(shè)單位管理費(fèi)費(fèi)率計(jì)費(fèi)基數(shù)（萬元）計(jì)費(fèi)基數(shù)（萬元）費(fèi)率（費(fèi)率（）1000以下1510015000125001100001100015000008500011000000510000120000002200000以上018200005668940000105401060000151521180000196011210000023934132000004450814400000827671560000011897516800000153914171000000187938182000000349489注計(jì)費(fèi)額2000000萬元的，以計(jì)費(fèi)額乘以16的收費(fèi)率計(jì)算收費(fèi)基價。（三）監(jiān)理費(fèi)（三）監(jiān)理費(fèi)1、取費(fèi)依據(jù)國家發(fā)改委、建設(shè)部的建設(shè)工程監(jiān)理與相關(guān)服務(wù)收費(fèi)管理規(guī)定（發(fā)改價格2007670號）、關(guān)于貫徹國家發(fā)展改革委、建設(shè)部建設(shè)工程監(jiān)理與相關(guān)服務(wù)收費(fèi)管理規(guī)定的通知（深價規(guī)20091號）、深圳經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)建設(shè)工程監(jiān)理?xiàng)l例。2、取費(fèi)方法（1）施工監(jiān)理服務(wù)收費(fèi)基準(zhǔn)價施工監(jiān)理服務(wù)收費(fèi)基價專業(yè)調(diào)整系數(shù)工程復(fù)雜程度調(diào)整系數(shù)高程調(diào)整系數(shù)A、施工監(jiān)理服務(wù)收費(fèi)基價根據(jù)施工監(jiān)理服務(wù)收費(fèi)基價表（見表64），由計(jì)費(fèi)基數(shù)采用直線內(nèi)插法確定基價。B、專業(yè)調(diào)整系數(shù)取1。C、工程復(fù)雜程度調(diào)整系數(shù)工程復(fù)雜程度分為一般、較復(fù)雜和復(fù)雜三個等級，其調(diào)整系數(shù)分別為一般Ⅰ級085、較復(fù)雜Ⅱ級10、復(fù)雜Ⅲ級115。D、高程調(diào)整系數(shù)深圳地區(qū)項(xiàng)目取1。表64施工監(jiān)理服務(wù)收費(fèi)基價表單位萬元序號序號計(jì)費(fèi)基數(shù)計(jì)費(fèi)基數(shù)收費(fèi)基價收費(fèi)基價15001652100030133000781450001208

簡介：ICS01．080．20；53．100P97蝠酋中華人民共和國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB／T8593．22010／ISO640521993代替GB／T8593．21998土方機(jī)械司機(jī)操縱裝置和其他顯示裝置用符號第2部分機(jī)器、工作裝置和附件的特殊符號EARTHMOVINGMACHINERYSYMBOLSFOROPERATORCONTROLSANDOTHERDISPLAYSPART2SPECIFICSYMBOLSFORMACHINES，EQUIPMENT蚰DACCESSORIES20101201發(fā)布ISO640521993，IDT20110301實(shí)施豐瞀髁鬻瓣訾矬瞥星發(fā)布中國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會促1”WWWBZFXWCOM刖暑GB／T8593．22010／ISO640521993GB／T8593土方機(jī)械司機(jī)操縱裝置和其他顯示裝置用符號分為兩個部分第1部分通用符號；第2部分機(jī)器、工作裝置和附件的特殊符號。本部分等同采用ISO640521993土方機(jī)械司機(jī)操縱裝置和其他顯示裝置用符號第2部分機(jī)器、工作裝置和附件的特殊符號英文版，包括其修正案ISO640521993／AMD．11997和ISO640521993／AMD．22004。本部分等同翻譯ISO640521993。為便于使用，本部分做了下列編輯性修改“本國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”一詞改為“本部分”；刪除了國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)前言；對IS0640521993中引用的國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，用已采用為我國的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)代替對應(yīng)的國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；刪除了第13章的4處說明中對符號“接合0022和脫開0023”的引用因ISO640512004已刪除這兩個符號；由于修正案1刪除了第19章，故后續(xù)章號重新排列；增加了參考文獻(xiàn)的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)站信息，同時刪除4．12條“符號的縮放膠片可從ISO／TC145秘書處獲得”，并將ISO7000、IEC60417和GB／T8593．1ISO64051由第2章移到參考文獻(xiàn)中；將修正案內(nèi)容納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)正文中，并在正文中的頁邊空白處用垂直雙線“”標(biāo)識。本部分是對GB／T8593．21998土方機(jī)械司機(jī)操縱和其他顯示符號第2部分機(jī)器、工作裝置和附件的特殊符號的修訂。本部分與GB／T8593．21998相比，主要變化如下對一些條款內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了修改；符號總數(shù)量由142個增加到189個，其中，“松土器符號”和“耙土器符號”合并為“地面疏松工作裝置松土器或耙土器符號”符號由18個修改為7個，另增設(shè)了58個符號；增加了“參考文獻(xiàn)”。本部分代替GB／T8593．21998。本部分由中國機(jī)械工業(yè)聯(lián)合會提出。本部分由全國土方機(jī)械標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)委員會SAC／TC334歸口。本部分起草單位天津工程機(jī)械研究院。本部分主要起草人吳潤才、陳樹巧。本部分所代替標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的歷次版本發(fā)布情況為GB85931988、GB／T8593．21998。

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簡介：中文中文55185518字出處出處JOURNALOFMATERIALSPROCESSINGTECHNOLOGY142200320–28翻譯原文翻譯原文DELTAFERRITEPREDICTIONINSTAINLESSSTEELWELDSUSINGNEURALNETWORKANALYSISANDCOMPARISONWITHOTHERPREDICTIONMETHODSMVASUDEVANA,?,AKBHADURIA,BALDEVRAJA,KPRASADRAOBAMETALLURGYANDMATERIALSGROUP,INDIRAGANDHICENTREFORATOMICRESEARCH,KALPAKKAM,INDIABDEPARTMENTOFMETALLURGY,INDIANINSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGY,CHENNAI,INDIARECEIVED2MAY2002RECEIVEDINREVISEDFORM11DECEMBER2002ACCEPTED17FEBRUARY2003ABSTRACTTHEABILITYTOPREDICTTHEDELTAFERRITECONTENTINSTAINLESSSTEELWELDSISIMPORTANTFORMANYREASONSDEPENDINGONTHESERVICEREQUIREMENT,MANUFACTURERSANDCONSUMERSOFTENSPECIFYDELTAFERRITECONTENTASANALLOYSPECIFICATIONTOENSURETHATWELDCONTAINSADESIREDMINIMUMORMAXIMUMFERRITELEVELRECENTRESEARCHACTIVITIESHAVEBEENFOCUSEDONSTUDYINGTHEEFFECTOFVARIOUSALLOYINGELEMENTSONTHEDELTAFERRITECONTENTANDCONTROLLINGDELTAFERRITECONTENTBYMODIFYINGTHEWELDMETALCOMPOSITIONSOVERTHEYEARS,ANUMBEROFMETHODSINCLUDINGCONSTITUTIONDIAGRAMS,FUNCTIONFITMODEL,FEEDFORWARDBACKPROPAGATIONNEURALNETWORKMODELHAVEBEENPUTFORWARDFORPREDICTINGTHEDELTAFERRITECONTENTINSTAINLESSSTEELWELDSAMONGALLTHEMETHODS,NEURALNETWORKMETHODWASREPORTEDTOBEMOREACCURATECOMPAREDTOOTHERMETHODSAPOTENTIALRISKASSOCIATEDWITHNEURALNETWORKANALYSISISOVERFITTINGOFTHETRAININGDATATOAVOIDOVERFITTING,MACKAYHASDEVELOPEDABAYESIANFRAMEWORKTOCONTROLTHECOMPLEXITYOFTHENEURALNETWORKMAINADVANTAGESOFTHISMETHODARETHATITPROVIDESMEANINGFULERRORBARSFORTHEMODELPREDICTIONSANDALSOITISPOSSIBLETOIDENTIFYAUTOMATICALLYTHEINPUTVARIABLESWHICHAREIMPORTANTINTHECONTENTHENCE,THEDELTAFERRITECONTENTESTIMATEDUSINGTHEWRC1992DIAGRAMWOULDALWAYSBELESSACCURATEANDMAYNEVERBECLOSETOTHEACTUALMEASUREDVALUEINTHEFUNCTIONFITMODEL7FORESTIMATINGFERRITE,THEDIFFERENCEINFREEENERGYBETWEENTHEFERRITEANDTHEAUSTENITEWASCALCULATEDASAFUNCTIONOFCOMPOSITIONANDTHISWASRELATEDTOFERRITENUMBERFNTHEEQUATIONUSEDINTHISMODELTODETERMINEFNISGIVENBELOWFNA1EXPBC_G?11WHEREA,BANDCARETHECONSTANTSTHEADVANTAGESOFTHISSEMIEMPIRICALMODELOVERTHEWRC1992DIAGRAMINCLUDEITSCONSIDERINGEFFECTOFOTHERALLOYINGELEMENTSANDTHEEASEOFEXTRAPOLATIONTOHIGHERCREQANDNIEQVALUESTHISFUNCTIONFITMETHODCANBEUSEDFORAWIDERANGEOFWELDMETALCOMPOSITIONSANDOWINGTOTHEANALYTICALFORMOFTHISMODEL,THEFNCANBEQUANTIFIEDEASILYHOWEVER,THEACCURACYOFTHISMETHODISNOTGREATERTHANTHEWRC1992DIAGRAMVITEKETAL8,9SOUGHTTOOVERCOMETHEMAJORLIMITATIONOFTHECONSTITUTIONDIAGRAMANDTHEFUNCTIONFITMETHODOFNOTTAKINGINTOACCOUNTTHEELEMENTALINTERACTIONS,BYUSINGNEURALNETWORKSFORPREDICTINGFERRITEINSSWELDSTHEIMPROVEMENTINACCURACYINPREDICTINGTHEDELTAFERRITECONTENTBYUSINGNEURALNETWORKS,INVOLVINGAFEEDFORWARDNETWORKWITHABACKPROPAGATIONOPTIMIZATIONSCHEME,HASBEENCLEARLYBROUGHTINTHEIRSTUDYTHEEFFECTOFVARIOUSELEMENTSONTHEDELTAFERRITECONTENTFORAFEWBASECOMPOSITIONSWASEXAMINEDBYCALCULATINGTHEFNASAFUNCTIONOFCOMPOSITIONHOWEVER,ITWASNOTPOSSIBLEINTHEIRANALYSISTODIRECTLYINTERPRETTHEELEMENTALCONTRIBUTIONSTOTHEFINALFNTHEPREDICTIONANDMEASUREMENTOFFERRITEINSSWELDSREMAINSOFSCIENTIFICINTERESTDUETOLIMITATIONSINALLTHECURRENTMETHODS,ANDNEWERMETHODSANDCONSTITUTIONDIAGRAMSARECONTINUOUSLYBEINGPROPOSEDTOPREDICTTHEDELTAFERRITECONTENTFORAWIDERRANGEOFSSTYPESITWASINTHISCONTEXTTHATTHEDEVELOPMENTOFAMOREACCURATENEURALNETWORKBASEDPREDICTIVETOOLFORESTIMATINGTHEEFFECTOFVARIOUSALLOYINGELEMENTSONTHEDELTAFERRITECONTENTFORDIFFERENTSSWELDSWASTAKENUPINTHISWORKAPOTENTIALRISKASSOCIATEDWITHNEURALNETWORKANALYSISISOVERFITTINGOFTHE

簡介：2200單詞，單詞，12500英文字符英文字符,3800漢字漢字文獻(xiàn)出處文獻(xiàn)出處BUSSEYASTRETCHINGCOPYRIGHTTOITSLIMITONTHECOPYRIGHTABILITYOFYOGAANDOTHERSPORTSMOVEMENTSINLIGHTOFTHEUSCOPYRIGHTOFFICESNEWCHARACTERIZATIONOFCOMPILATIONSJSOCIALSCIENCEELECTRONICPUBLISHING,2013JEFFREYSMOORADSPORTSLAWJOURNALVOLUMEXX2013ISSUE1ARTICLESSTRETCHINGCOPYRIGHTTOITSLIMITONTHECOPYRIGHTABILITYOFYOGAANDOTHERSPORTSMOVEMENTSINLIGHTOFTHEUSCOPYRIGHTOFFICE’SNEWCHARACTERIZATIONOFCOMPILATIONSALEXANDERBUSSEYICOPYRIGHTINGYOGAANDEXERCISEROUTINESINTHEWORDSOFTHEOSYUCOURT,“ONFIRSTIMPRESSION,ITSEEMSINAPPROPRIATE,ANDALMOSTUNBELIEVABLE,THATASEQUENCEOFYOGAPOSITIONSCOULDBEANYONEPERSON’SINTELLECTUALPROPERTY,”YETTHEISSUEISNOTSOOBVIOUS73THISPARTEXAMINESHOWONEMIGHTCONSTRUETHECOPYRIGHTACTTOAFFORDPROTECTIONTOYOGAANDOTHERSIMILAREXERCISEROUTINESTHEREAREANUMBEROFISSUESTOCONSIDERWHENDETERMININGTHECOPYRIGHTABILITYOFYOGAANDEXERCISEROUTINESFIRST,THESEATHLETICACTIVITIESAREMOSTCLOSELYRELATEDTOCHOREOGRAPHICWORKSIFTHEYCANNOTBECLASSIFIEDASCHOREOGRAPHICWORKS,THENONEMIGHTARGUETHATYOGAANDEXERCISEROUTINESCOULDFALLBACKONTHEPROTECTIONOFCOMPILATIONSLIKETHEBIKRAMEXAMPLE,ATLEASTPRIORTOTHEOFFICE’SRECENTSTATEMENTOFPOLICYBUTEVENIFYOGAANDOTHEREXERCISEROUTINESCANBECONTORTEDTOFITWITHINEITHEROFTHESECATEGORIES,THEYMUSTSTILLOVERCOMEANUMBEROFISSUES,INCLUDINGORIGINALITY,THEMERGERDOCTRINE,ANDTHEFUNCTIONALITYDOCTRINETHISPARTEXAMINESHOWYOGAANDEXERCISEROUTINESAREAFFECTEDBYEACHOFTHESEISSUESAYOGAANDEXERCISEASCHOREOGRAPHYWHENCONGRESSPASSEDTHECOPYRIGHTACTOF1976,ITASSUMEDTHATPANTOMIMESANDCHOREOGRAPHICWORKSHAD“FAIRLYSETTLEDMEANINGS”74DESPITEFAILINGTOPROVIDEADEFINITIONFORTHESEWORKS,THEHOUSEDIDINDICATETHAT“‘CHOREOGRAPHICWORKS’DONOTINCLUDESOCIALDANCESTEPSANDSIMPLEROUTINES”75THISLIKELYRULESOUTTHEMACARENAANDTHEWALTZ,BUTTHETERM“SIMPLEROUTINES”ISNOTWITHOUTITSOWNAMBIGUITIESIN1984,THEOFFICEPICKEDUPWHATCONGRESSLEFTUNDONE,PROVIDINGITSOWNDEFINITIONOFCHOREOGRAPHICWORKSINTHEDANCEMOVES,AND2ARRANGESTHEMINTO3ANORIGINALWORKINOSYU,BIKRAMARGUEDTHATHISYOGAROUTINEWASINFACTCOPYRIGHTEDASACOMPILATIONOFASANASBECAUSEHECOORDINATEDTHEPREEXISTINGPOSTURESINANEW,ORIGINALFASHION85AND,APPARENTLY,NEITHERTHECOURTNORTHEOFFICEOPPOSEDTHISARGUMENTATTHETIME86BUTEVENIFAYOGAOREXERCISEROUTINEFITSINTOTHISCATEGORY,ORTHECATEGORYOFCHOREOGRAPHICWORKS,THEREARESTILLANUMBEROFHURDLESTOCLEARINORDERTORECEIVECOPYRIGHTPROTECTIONCLIMITATIONSONCOPYRIGHTINGYOGAANDEXERCISEROUTINE1FIXATIONANDORIGINALITYASPREVIOUSLYMENTIONED,ALLCOPYRIGHTABLESUBJECTMATTERMUSTBEAN“ORIGINALWORKOFAUTHORSHIPFIXEDINANYTANGIBLEMEDIUMOFEXPRESSION”87THEFIXATIONREQUIREMENTISEASILYOVERCOMESIMPLYRECORDINGAROUTINEONVIDEOISSUFFICIENTTOFIXTHEWORK88ORIGINALITY,HOWEVER,ISNOTASSTRAIGHTFORWARDASOSYUEXPLAINED,ORIGINALITYISGENERALLYAQUESTIONOFFACT89BUTTHESTANDARDISFAIRLYLOWINMLB,THESEVENTHCIRCUITHELDTHATBASEBALLPLAYERS’PERFORMANCESINABASEBALLGAMEARESUFFICIENTLYCREATIVETOOVERCOMETHEORIGINALITYREQUIREMENT,EVENTHOUGHINMOSTINSTANCESTHEYMERELYREACTTOTHEMOVEMENTSOFTHEBALLANDOTHERPLAYERS90THEFEISTCOURTHELDTHATARRANGINGNAMESINALPHABETICALORDERWASINSUFFICIENTLYORIGINALTOGARNERCOPYRIGHTPROTECTIONINAPHONEBOOK91HOWEVER,INANOTHERCASETHECOURTHELDTHATAPHONEBOOKTHATSELECTEDBUSINESSBASEDONTHEIRINTERESTTOACHINESECOMMUNITYWASSUFFICIENTLYORIGINAL92ITSEEMSTHEN,THATSOMEARRANGEMENTSOFSIMPLEEXERCISESTEPSCOULDSATISFYTHEORIGINALITYREQUIREMENT2IDEA/EXPRESSIONDICHOTOMYTHEMERGERDOCTRINETHEIDEA/EXPRESSIONDICHOTOMY,WHICHISSIMILARTOTHEMERGERDOCTRINE,WASFIRSTDISCUSSEDINTHENINETEENTHCENTURYCASEBAKERVSELDEN93INTHATCASE,THEPLAINTIFF,SELDEN,ATTEMPTEDTOENFORCEACOPYRIGHTINRELATIONTOABOOKTHATDESCRIBEDAMETHODOFBOOKKEEPINGANDINCLUDEDCOPIESOFANUMBEROFBOOKKEEPINGFORMS94SELDENATTEMPTEDTOENJOINANOTHERFROMSELLINGABOOKTHATINCLUDEDVERYSIMILARFORMS95THECOURTHELDTHAT“THEREISACLEARDISTINCTIONBETWEENTHEBOOK,ASSUCH,ANDTHEARTWHICHITISINTENDEDTOILLUSTRATE”96INOTHERWORDS,THEBOOKISCOPYRIGHTABLE,ANDANEXACTDUPLICATIONOFTHEBOOKWOULDHAVEBEENCOPYRIGHTINFRINGEMENT,BUTTHESYSTEMDESCRIBEDINTHEBOOKISNOTCOPYRIGHTABLEBECAUSEITISMERELYANIDEAIDEASCANNOTBECOPYRIGHTEDSUCHASYSTEMMIGHTBEPROTECTABLEUNDERPATENTLAW,BUTNOTUNDERCOPYRIGHTTHENINTHCIRCUITEXPLAINSMERGERLIKETHIS“WHENTHE‘IDEA’ANDITSEXPRESSIONAREINSEPARABLE,COPYINGTHE‘EXPRESSION’WILLNOTBEBARRED,SINCEPROTECTINGTHE‘EXPRESSION’INSUCHCIRCUMSTANCESWOULDCONFERAMONOPOLYOFTHE‘IDEA’UPONTHECOPYRIGHTOWNERFREEOFTHECONDITIONSANDLIMITATIONSIMPOSEDBY

簡介：JOURNALOFMATERIALSPROCESSINGTECHNOLOGY142200320–28DELTAFERRITEPREDICTIONINSTAINLESSSTEELWELDSUSINGNEURALNETWORKANALYSISANDCOMPARISONWITHOTHERPREDICTIONMETHODSMVASUDEVANA,?,AKBHADURIA,BALDEVRAJA,KPRASADRAOBAMETALLURGYANDMATERIALSGROUP,INDIRAGANDHICENTREFORATOMICRESEARCH,KALPAKKAM,INDIABDEPARTMENTOFMETALLURGY,INDIANINSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGY,CHENNAI,INDIARECEIVED2MAY2002RECEIVEDINREVISEDFORM11DECEMBER2002ACCEPTED17FEBRUARY2003ABSTRACTTHEABILITYTOPREDICTTHEDELTAFERRITECONTENTINSTAINLESSSTEELWELDSISIMPORTANTFORMANYREASONSDEPENDINGONTHESERVICEREQUIREMENT,MANUFACTURERSANDCONSUMERSOFTENSPECIFYDELTAFERRITECONTENTASANALLOYSPECIFICATIONTOENSURETHATWELDCONTAINSADESIREDMINIMUMORMAXIMUMFERRITELEVELRECENTRESEARCHACTIVITIESHAVEBEENFOCUSEDONSTUDYINGTHEEFFECTOFVARIOUSALLOYINGELEMENTSONTHEDELTAFERRITECONTENTANDCONTROLLINGDELTAFERRITECONTENTBYMODIFYINGTHEWELDMETALCOMPOSITIONSOVERTHEYEARS,ANUMBEROFMETHODSINCLUDINGCONSTITUTIONDIAGRAMS,FUNCTIONFITMODEL,FEEDFORWARDBACKPROPAGATIONNEURALNETWORKMODELHAVEBEENPUTFORWARDFORPREDICTINGTHEDELTAFERRITECONTENTINSTAINLESSSTEELWELDSAMONGALLTHEMETHODS,NEURALNETWORKMETHODWASREPORTEDTOBEMOREACCURATECOMPAREDTOOTHERMETHODSAPOTENTIALRISKASSOCIATEDWITHNEURALNETWORKANALYSISISOVERFITTINGOFTHETRAININGDATATOAVOIDOVERFITTING,MACKAYHASDEVELOPEDABAYESIANFRAMEWORKTOCONTROLTHECOMPLEXITYOFTHENEURALNETWORKMAINADVANTAGESOFTHISMETHODARETHATITPROVIDESMEANINGFULERRORBARSFORTHEMODELPREDICTIONSANDALSOITISPOSSIBLETOIDENTIFYAUTOMATICALLYTHEINPUTVARIABLESWHICHAREIMPORTANTINTHENONLINEARREGRESSIONINTHEPRESENTWORK,BAYESIANNEURALNETWORKBNNMODELFORPREDICTIONOFDELTAFERRITECONTENTINSTAINLESSSTEELWELDHASBEENDEVELOPEDTHEEFFECTOFVARYINGCONCENTRATIONOFTHEELEMENTSONTHEDELTAFERRITECONTENTHASBEENQUANTIFIEDFORTYPE309AUSTENITICSTAINLESSSTEELANDTHEDUPLEXSTAINLESSSTEELALLOY2205THEBNNMODELISFOUNDTOBEMOREACCURATECOMPAREDTOTHATOFTHEOTHERMETHODSFORPREDICTINGDELTAFERRITECONTENTINSTAINLESSSTEELWELDS?2003ELSEVIERSCIENCEBVALLRIGHTSRESERVEDKEYWORDSNEURALNETWORKANALYSISDELTAFERRITECONTENTAUSTENITICSTAINLESSSTEELDUPLEXSTAINLESSSTEEL1INTRODUCTIONTHEABILITYTOESTIMATETHEDELTAFERRITECONTENTACCURATELYHASPROVENVERYUSEFULINPREDICTINGTHEVARIOUSPROPERTIESOFAUSTENITICSSWELDSAMINIMUMDELTAFERRITECONTENTISNECESSARYTOENSUREHOTCRACKINGRESISTANCEINTHESEWELDS1,2,WHILEANUPPERLIMITONTHEDELTAFERRITECONTENTDETERMINESTHEPROPENSITYTOEMBRITTLEMENTDUETOSECONDARYPHASES,EGSIGMAPHASE,ETC,FORMEDDURINGELEVATEDTEMPERATURESERVICE3ATCRYOGENICTEMPERATURES,THETOUGHNESSOFTHEAUSTENITICSSWELDSISSTRONGLYINFLUENCEDBYTHEDELTAFERRITECONTENT4INDUPLEXSTAINLESSSTEELWELDMETALS,ALOWERFERRITELIMITISSPECIFIEDFORSTRESSCORROSIONCRACKINGRESISTANCEWHILETHEUPPERLIMITISSPECIFIEDTOENSUREADEQUATEDUCTILITYANDTOUGHNESS5HENCE,DEPENDINGONTHESERVICEREQUIREMENTALOWERLIMITAND/ORANUPPERLIMITONDELTAFERRITECONTENTISGENERALLYSPECIFIEDDURINGTHESELEC?CORRESPONDINGAUTHORTEL91411480232FAX91411440381EMAILADDRESSDEVIGCARERNETINMVASUDEVANTIONOFFILLERMETALCOMPOSITION,THEMOSTACCURATEDIAGRAMTODATEWRC1992ISUSEDGENERALLYTOESTIMATETHE?FERRITECONTENT6THECREQANDNIEQFORMULAEUSEDFORGENERATINGTHEWRC1992CONSTITUTIONDIAGRAMISGIVENBYCREQCRMO07NBANDNIEQNI35C20N025CUTHELIMITATIONOFTHESEEQUATIONSISTHATVALUESOFTHECOEFFICIENTSFORTHEDIFFERENTELEMENTSREMAINUNCHANGEDIRRESPECTIVEOFTHECHANGEINTHEBASECOMPOSITIONOFTHEWELDHOWEVER,THERELATIVEINFLUENCEOFEACHALLOYINGADDITIONGIVENBYTHEELEMENTALCOEFFICIENTSINTHECREQANDNIEQEXPRESSIONSISLIKELYTOCHANGEOVERTHEFULLCOMPOSITIONRANGEFURTHERMORE,THESEEXPRESSIONSIGNORETHEINTERACTIONBETWEENTHEELEMENTSALSO,THEREAREANUMBEROFALLOYINGELEMENTSTHATHAVENOTBEENCONSIDEREDINTHEWRC1992DIAGRAMELEMENTSLIKESI,TI,WHAVENOTBEENGIVENDUETOCONSIDERATIONS,THOUGHTHEYAREKNOWNTOINFLUENCETHEDELTAFERRITECONTENTHENCE,THEDELTAFERRITECONTENTESTIMATEDUSINGTHEWRC1992DIAGRAMWOULDALWAYSBELESSACCURATEANDMAYNEVERBECLOSETOTHEACTUALMEASUREDVALUEINTHEFUNCTIONFITMODEL7FORESTIMATINGFERRITE,THEDIFFERENCEINFREEENERGYBETWEENTHEFERRITEANDTHEAUSTENITEWASCALCULATED09240136/–SEEFRONTMATTER?2003ELSEVIERSCIENCEBVALLRIGHTSRESERVEDDOI101016/S092401360300430822MVASUDEVANETAL/JOURNALOFMATERIALSPROCESSINGTECHNOLOGY142200320–28FIG1SCHEMATICDIAGRAMOFTHENETWORKSTRUCTURESHOWINGTHEINPUTNODES,HIDDENUNITSANDTHEOUTPUTNODEFUNCTIONSOTHATEACHINPUTCONTRIBUTESTOEVERYHIDDENUNIT,WHERENISTHETOTALNUMBEROFINPUTVARIABLESHITANH??N?JW1IJXJΘ1I??3HERETHEBIASISDESIGNATEDASΘANDISANALOGOUSTOTHECONSTANTINLINEARREGRESSIONTHETRANSFERFROMTHEHIDDENUNITSTOTHEOUTPUTISLINEAR,ANDISGIVENBYYN?IW2IHIΘ24THEOUTPUTYISTHEREFOREANONLINEARFUNCTIONOFXJ,WITHTHEFUNCTIONUSUALLYSELECTEDFORFLEXIBILITYBEINGTHEHYPERBOLICTANGENTTHUS,THENETWORKISCOMPLETELYDESCRIBEDIFTHENUMBEROFINPUTNODES,OUTPUTNODESANDTHEHIDDENUNITSAREKNOWNALONGWITHALLTHEWEIGHTSWIJANDBIASESΘITHESEWEIGHTSWIJAREDETERMINEDBYTRAININGTHENETWORKANDINVOLVESMINIMIZATIONOFAREGULARIZEDSUMOFSQUAREDERRORSTHEBNNANALYSISOFMACKAY10ALLOWSTHECALCULATIONOFERRORBARSWITHTWOCOMPONENTSONEREPRESENTINGTHEPERCEIVEDLEVELOFNOISEΣVINTHEOUTPUTANDTHEOTHERINDICATINGTHEUNCERTAINTYINTHEDATAFITTINGTHISLATTERCOMPONENTOFTHEERRORBARSEMANATINGFROMTHEBAYESIANFRAMEWORKALLOWSTHERELATIVEPROBABILITIESOFTHEMODELSWITHDIFFERENTCOMPLEXITYTOBEASSESSEDTHISENABLESESTIMATIONOFQUANTITATIVEERRORBARS,WHICHVARYWITHTHEPOSITIONINTHEINPUTSPACEDEPENDINGONTHEUNCERTAINTYINFITTINGTHEFUNCTIONINTHATSPACEHENCE,INSTEADOFCALCULATINGAUNIQUESETOFWEIGHTS,APROBABILITYDISTRIBUTIONOFWEIGHTSISUSEDTODEFINETHEUNCERTAINTYINFITTINGTHEREFORE,THESEERRORBARSBECOMELARGEWHENDATAARESPARSEORLOCALLYNOISYINTHISCONTEXT,AVERYUSEFULMEASUREOFTHEERRORISTHELOGARITHMOFTHEPREDICTIVEERRORLPEGIVENBYTHEFOLLOWINGLPE?N12?TN?YN2ΣN2YLOG2ΠΣNY1/2?5WHERETISTHETARGETFORTHESETOFINPUTSX,WHILEYTHECORRESPONDINGNETWORKOUTPUTΣYISRELATEDTOTHEUNCERTAINTYOFFITTINGFORTHESETOFINPUTSXBYUSINGLPE,THEPENALTYFORMAKINGAWILDPREDICTIONISREDUCEDIFTHATPREDICTIONISACCOMPANIEDBYANAPPROPRIATELYLARGEERRORBAR,WITHALARGERVALUEOFTHELPEIMPLYINGABETTERMODELFURTHER,BYTHISMETHODITISALSOPOSSIBLETOAUTOMATICALLYIDENTIFYTHEINPUTVARIABLESTHATARESIGNIFICANTININFLUENCINGTHEOUTPUTVARIABLE,ASTHEINPUTVARIABLESTHATARELESSSIGNIFICANTAREDOWNWEIGHTEDINTHEREGRESSIONANALYSIS31OVERFITTINGPROBLEMINBNNANALYSIS,TWOSOLUTIONSAREIMPLEMENTEDWHICHCONTRIBUTETOAVOIDOVERFITTINGTHEFIRSTISCONTAINEDINTHEALGORITHMDUETOMACKAY12THECOMPLEXITYPARAMETERSΑANDΒAREINFERREDFROMTHEDATA,THEREFOREALLOWINGAUTOMATICCONTROLOFTHEMODELCOMPLEXITYTHESECONDRESIDESINTHETRAININGMETHODTHEDATABASEISEQUALLYDIVIDEDINTOATRAININGSETANDATESTINGSETTOBUILDAMODEL,ABOUT80NETWORKSARETRAINEDWITHDIFFERENTNUMBEROFHIDDENUNITSANDSEEDS,USINGTHETRAININGSETTHEYARETHENUSEDTOMAKEPREDICTIONSONTHEUNSEENTESTINGSETANDARERANKEDBYLPE32COMMITTEEMODELTHENETWORKSWITHDIFFERENTNUMBEROFHIDDENUNITSWILLGIVEDIFFERENTPREDICTIONSBUTPREDICTIONSWILLALSODEPENDONTHEINITIALGUESSMADEFORTHEPROBABILITYDISTRIBUTIONOFTHEWEIGHTSTHEPRIOROPTIMUMPREDICTIONSAREOFTENMADEUSINGMORETHANONEMODEL,BYBUILDINGACOMMITTEETHEPREDICTIONˉYOFACOMMITTEEOFNETWORKSISTHEAVERAGEPREDICTIONOFITSMEMBERS,ANDTHEASSOCIATEDERRORBARISCALCULATEDACCORDINGTOEQ6ˉY1L?LYLΣ21L?LΣL2Y1L?LYL?ˉY26WHERELISTHENUMBEROFNETWORKSINACOMMITTEENOTETHATWENOWCONSIDERTHEPREDICTIONSFORAGIVENSINGLESETOFINPUTSANDTHATEXPONENTLREFERSTOTHEMODELUSEDTOPRODUCETHECORRESPONDINGPREDICTIONYLINPRACTICE,ANINCREASINGNUMBEROFNETWORKSAREINCLUDEDINACOMMITTEEANDTHEIR

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簡介：第五章基因突變及其他變異單元檢測（學(xué)案35）一、選擇題（本題共20小題，每小題2分，共40分）1一條染色體上連接的兩條染色單體上所攜帶的全部基因，本應(yīng)該完全相同，但實(shí)際不同,其原因可能是（）A復(fù)制吋出現(xiàn)差錯B聯(lián)會時姐妹染色單體之間發(fā)生了交叉互換C發(fā)生了連鎖和互換D該生物為雜合體2在下列可遺傳的變異來源中，能夠產(chǎn)生新基因的變異類型是（）A基因重組B染色體結(jié)構(gòu)變異C基因突變D染色體數(shù)目變異3?如圖表示果蠅某一條染色體上幾個基因，相關(guān)敘述中不正確的是（）A觀察圖示對知，基因在染色體上呈線性排列B圖示各基因中只有部分脫氧核昔酸序列能編碼蛋白質(zhì)C如含紅寶石眼基因的片段缺失，說明發(fā)生了基因突變D基因屮有一個堿基對的替換，不一定會引起生物性狀的改變4?以下關(guān)于生物變異的敘述，正確的是（）A基因突變都會遺傳給后代B基因堿基序列發(fā)生改變，不一定導(dǎo)致性狀改變C染色體變異產(chǎn)生的后代都是不育的D基因重組只發(fā)生在生殖細(xì)胞形成過程中5唐氏先天性愚型遺傳病比正常人多了一條染色體，其主要原因是下列哪一項(xiàng)發(fā)生了錯誤（）ADNA復(fù)制B無絲分裂C有絲分裂D減數(shù)分裂6某常染色體隱性遺傳病在人群中的發(fā)病率為1,色盲在男性屮的發(fā)病率為7。現(xiàn)有一對表現(xiàn)正常的夫婦，妻子為該常染色體遺傳病致病基因和色盲致病基因攜帶者。那么他們所生小孩同時患上述兩種遺傳病的概率是（）A1/88B1/22C7/2200D3/800白眼黃身匸截翅R深紅眼工朱紅眼工短硬毛14用一定劑量的稀硝酸處理某種霉菌，誘發(fā)了基因突變，稀硝酸最有可能在下列哪個過程中起作用（）A有絲分裂間期B有絲分裂全過程C受精作用過程D減數(shù)第一次分裂間期15從理論上分析下列各項(xiàng)，其中錯誤的是（）A二倍體X二倍體一二倍體B四倍體X二倍體一三倍體C三倍體X四倍體一三倍體D二倍體X六倍體四倍體16如圖表示人體某正常基因片段及其控制合成的多肽順序。八?D表示4種基因突變的位注除圖屮密碼子外，已知GAC（天冬氨酸）、GGU和GGG（甘氨酸）、AUG（甲硫氨酸）、UAG（終止信號）。翻譯時由左向右進(jìn)行AA處突變會引起多肽鏈川氨棊酸種類變化BB處突變對結(jié)杲無影響CC處突變會引起多肽鏈屮氨基酸數(shù)量變化DD處突變會導(dǎo)致肽鏈的延長停止17生物體內(nèi)的基因重組（）A能夠產(chǎn)生新的基因B在生殖過程屮都能發(fā)生C是生物變異的根本來源D在同源染色體之間可發(fā)生18下列情況不屬于染色體變異的是（）點(diǎn)。A處丟失T/A,為C/G,C處T/AD處G/C變?yōu)锳/T。突變不同時發(fā)生。述不正確的是DNAMRNA多肽B處T/A變變?yōu)镚/C,假設(shè)4種則下列敘（）CIAGATACCATAC

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