外文翻譯--電控發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)常見(jiàn)故障的分析

1、<p>　　畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)外文資料翻譯</p><p>　　系　　部： 機(jī)械工程系 </p><p>　　專 業(yè)： 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化 </p><p>　　姓 名： </p>

2、<p>　　學(xué) 號(hào)： </p><p>　　外文出處： The Analysis of Engine’s Trouble </p><p>　　附 件： 1.外文資料翻譯譯文；2.外文原文。 </p><p>　　注：請(qǐng)將該封

3、面與附件裝訂成冊(cè)。</p><p>　　附件1：外文資料翻譯譯文</p><p>　　電控發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)常見(jiàn)故障的分析</p><p>　　摘要:各種電子控制系統(tǒng)的使用及其不斷的完善，使得汽車(chē)檢測(cè)維修技術(shù)要求越來(lái)越高。本文結(jié)合汽車(chē)維修的實(shí)例，對(duì)汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)電控燃油噴射系統(tǒng)的在維修過(guò)程中常見(jiàn)故障的檢測(cè)與診斷方法進(jìn)行分析與探討。 </p><p>　　關(guān)鍵

4、詞：電控發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、維修、故障、檢測(cè)、診斷 </p><p>　　隨著汽車(chē)工業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展，汽車(chē)制造技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，電子技術(shù)在汽車(chē)上應(yīng)用越來(lái)越廣泛。電控燃油噴射系統(tǒng)作為汽車(chē)的核心組成部分，其性能的好壞直接影響到汽車(chē)的動(dòng)力性、經(jīng)濟(jì)性、可靠性、安全性、排放凈化和舒適性。汽車(chē)在運(yùn)行過(guò)程中，由于震動(dòng)，高溫，灰塵等原因，電控燃油噴射系統(tǒng)很可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)各種故障。因此，掌握汽車(chē)電控系統(tǒng)的保養(yǎng)、故障檢測(cè)及排除方法，對(duì)保證汽車(chē)的正常運(yùn)行尤為重

5、要。 </p><p>　　一、電控發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的組成與工作原理 </p><p>　　發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)電控汽油噴射系統(tǒng)一般由進(jìn)氣系統(tǒng)、燃油供給系統(tǒng)、點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)、控制系統(tǒng)組成。整個(gè)電控系統(tǒng)是以發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)電子控制器(簡(jiǎn)稱ECU)為控制核心，以空氣量和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速計(jì)算出基本噴油持續(xù)時(shí)間，根據(jù)傳感器檢測(cè)與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工況有關(guān)的參數(shù)，對(duì)基本噴油持續(xù)時(shí)間進(jìn)行修正，以噴油器，點(diǎn)火電子組件和怠速控制閥等為控制對(duì)象，保證獲得與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)各

6、種工況相匹配的最佳混合氣成分、噴油時(shí)刻和點(diǎn)火時(shí)刻。 </p><p>　　二、電控發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)常見(jiàn)故障及檢修方法分析 </p><p>　　發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)電控汽油噴射系統(tǒng)只要有油有電，噴油時(shí)間和點(diǎn)火時(shí)間準(zhǔn)確，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)便可發(fā)動(dòng)著火。如果出現(xiàn)故障，在起動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí)，可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)難起動(dòng)、怠速不穩(wěn)或加速不良等現(xiàn)象，這是較常見(jiàn)的故障，原因可能是燃油泵不泵油或泵油量不足、噴油器、冷起動(dòng)噴嘴及油路堵塞、怠速補(bǔ)償系統(tǒng)不

7、良、水溫傳感器，空氣流量計(jì)工作不良及控制電路不良等原因引起。下面以幾個(gè)檢修實(shí)例來(lái)作具體分析： </p><p>　?。ㄒ唬┌l(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)起動(dòng)困難 </p><p><b>　　1、維修實(shí)例 </b></p><p>　　車(chē)型：上海帕薩特B5轎車(chē)。 </p><p>　　故障現(xiàn)象：發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)熱車(chē)時(shí)啟動(dòng)正常，而冷車(chē)時(shí)，特別是早晨第一次啟

8、動(dòng)時(shí)，啟動(dòng)困難。 </p><p>　　診斷與排除:從故障癥狀分析，故障應(yīng)在燃油供給系統(tǒng)。在燃油管上接上專用的燃油壓力表，檢查燃油泵單向閥的密封性，啟動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，檢查燃油系統(tǒng)工作壓力，正常。關(guān)閉燃油壓力表上的截止閥，同時(shí)停止發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工作，此時(shí)燃油壓力表上的指示值約為400KP。觀察10min后，壓力約為70KPa，說(shuō)明系統(tǒng)有泄漏處。 </p><p>　　由于燃油壓力表上的截止閥已關(guān)閉，所以分

9、析引起燃油系統(tǒng)泄漏的原因有：（1）燃油泵單向閥泄漏。（2）管路泄漏。 </p><p>　　經(jīng)檢查外部管路無(wú)泄漏處，分析應(yīng)為燃油單向閥泄漏，更換燃油泵后，故障仍未排除。 </p><p>　　分析燃油管路仍有泄漏處。外部管路已檢查過(guò)，內(nèi)部管路呢？檢查油箱內(nèi)燃油出油口至油箱出油管接頭間的一段透明橡膠管，發(fā)現(xiàn)燃油管上有一處老化裂紋，將此段油管更換后，故障排除。 </p><

10、p>　　2、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)起動(dòng)困難的故障檢測(cè)與診斷分析 </p><p><b>　　1）故障現(xiàn)象 </b></p><p>　　發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)起動(dòng)困難有兩種主要情況:一是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)在溫度低時(shí)不易著車(chē)，溫度升高時(shí)容易著車(chē)。二是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)冷車(chē)起動(dòng)正常，但熱車(chē)后起動(dòng)時(shí)難以起動(dòng)。 </p><p><b>　　2）故障原因 </b></p&

11、gt;<p>　　燃油系統(tǒng)故障：(1)燃油泵工作不正常；(2)噴油器不良；(3)進(jìn)氣管路漏真空；(4)怠速控制閥關(guān)閉不嚴(yán)。 </p><p>　　點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)故障:(1)空氣流量或進(jìn)氣壓力傳感器；(2)Ne(轉(zhuǎn)速信號(hào))G1G2；(3)節(jié)氣門(mén)位置，水溫傳感器；(4)空擋NP；(5)點(diǎn)火模塊；(6)點(diǎn)火線圈初級(jí)，次級(jí)是否斷或短路；(7)高壓線，阻尼電阻或漏電；(8)火花放電間隙是否漏電；(9)檢查ECU是否

12、有故障。 </p><p>　　3）檢測(cè)與診斷方法： </p><p>　　(1)測(cè)量蓄電池電壓；(2)檢查普助空氣控制閥工作情況；(3)調(diào)取故障碼，檢測(cè)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)溫度傳感器，異常應(yīng)更換；(4)將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)溫度傳感器接頭斷開(kāi)后起動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，若不正常，檢查溫度傳感器電路及傳感器；(5)檢查調(diào)壓管是否堵塞。</p><p>　?。ǘ┌l(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)無(wú)快、怠速 </p>&l

13、t;p><b>　　1、維修實(shí)例 </b></p><p><b>　　車(chē)型：克萊斯勒 </b></p><p>　　故障現(xiàn)象：當(dāng)?shù)∷俨环€(wěn)或無(wú)快怠速并有25號(hào)故障碼時(shí)，25號(hào)故障碼將使CHECKENGINE燈亮。 </p><p><b>　　故障原因：</b></p><p

14、>　?。?）檢查節(jié)氣門(mén)本體的導(dǎo)線線束，觀察膠帶捆綁著的任何部位是否絕緣損壞。 </p><p>　　（2）用電線束將導(dǎo)線束牢置于閥蓋上的PCV接頭。 </p><p>　?。?）如果25號(hào)故障碼存在，使用SCANNER紅盒子目錄下的CLEARCODES清除故障碼，若故障碼再現(xiàn)，可推測(cè)是怠速電機(jī)不良或接線松脫。 </p><p>　　2、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)無(wú)快、怠速的故障檢

15、測(cè)與診斷分析 </p><p><b>　　1）故障現(xiàn)象 </b></p><p>　　發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)啟動(dòng)后無(wú)快、怠速。 </p><p><b>　　2）故障原因 </b></p><p>　　點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)：點(diǎn)火正時(shí)失準(zhǔn)。 </p><p>　　進(jìn)氣系統(tǒng)：（1）旁通進(jìn)氣管是否堵塞；（2

16、）輔助空氣控制閥工作不正常?？刂葡到y(tǒng)，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)水溫傳感器不良。 </p><p><b>　　3）診斷方法 </b></p><p>　?。?）檢查輔助空氣控制閥工作是否正常及其電路；（2）檢查旁通進(jìn)氣管是否堵塞；（3）檢查并調(diào)整點(diǎn)火正時(shí)；（4）拔下調(diào)壓管真空管，給調(diào)壓器提供真空或加壓，檢查混合比反饋傳感系統(tǒng)；（5）拔下發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)溫度接頭，再啟動(dòng)，若不正常，檢查傳感器及其電

17、路。 </p><p>　　（三）發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)暖機(jī)前怠速不穩(wěn) </p><p><b>　　1、維修實(shí)例： </b></p><p>　　車(chē)型：豐田皇冠3.0 </p><p>　　故障現(xiàn)象:起動(dòng)后冷機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，怠速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)不穩(wěn)。調(diào)整怠速螺釘，故障依然存在。 </p><p>　　故障分析與排出：該車(chē)裝有電子

18、控制診斷裝置。可用其檢查故障，方法是：打開(kāi)車(chē)頭蓋，在進(jìn)氣歧管附近找到一個(gè)標(biāo)有Diagnosisde的小盒。開(kāi)啟診斷的塑料蓋，在其背面插座找到TE1及E1的插孔。用一根短導(dǎo)線連接兩個(gè)插孔，然后將點(diǎn)火開(kāi)關(guān)置于ON擋，此時(shí)不必啟動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，不必踩油門(mén)踏板，使節(jié)氣門(mén)保持原位。儀表板上的故障警告燈開(kāi)始有規(guī)律地閃爍4次和1次，表示故障代碼為41。查閱有關(guān)資料，表明節(jié)氣門(mén)位置傳感器有故障。 </p><p>　　該車(chē)節(jié)氣門(mén)位置傳

19、感器為電位計(jì)輸出型結(jié)構(gòu)，上有4個(gè)接線柱，分別為Vc（電源腳）IDL（怠速腳），VTA（輸出腳）和E2（接地腳）。檢查該傳感器接線沒(méi)發(fā)現(xiàn)斷脫，但檢查接插件時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)其上有銹蝕。對(duì)接插件除銹后，電路恢復(fù)正常。啟動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，再細(xì)調(diào)怠速螺釘，其轉(zhuǎn)速可穩(wěn)定在750r/min左右，消除電腦中的記憶，再?gòu)?fù)查電腦故障顯示碼，故障顯示碼不再出現(xiàn)，表明故障已排除。最后拆下診斷盒上的短導(dǎo)線即可，該車(chē)節(jié)氣門(mén)位置傳感器隨著節(jié)氣門(mén)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)而改變電位計(jì)上可變電阻，控制器則從變

20、化的電壓信號(hào)中得知節(jié)氣門(mén)的開(kāi)度與位置。若節(jié)氣門(mén)位置傳感器短路或斷路，都會(huì)引起發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)不易起動(dòng)，怠速不穩(wěn)或熄火。</p><p>　　2、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)暖機(jī)前怠速不穩(wěn)的故障檢測(cè)與診斷分析 </p><p><b>　　1）故障現(xiàn)象 </b></p><p>　　發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)啟動(dòng)后冷機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，怠速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)不穩(wěn)。 </p><p><b&g

21、t;　　2）故障原因 </b></p><p>　　進(jìn)氣系統(tǒng)：（1）混合氣濃度，輔助空氣控制閥。 </p><p>　　點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)：點(diǎn)火正時(shí)失準(zhǔn)。控制系統(tǒng)：發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)水溫傳感器不良，EGR系統(tǒng)：EGR控制閥卡住不能關(guān)閉，EGR電磁閥常斷。 </p><p><b>　　3）診斷方法 </b></p><p>　　（

22、1）利用點(diǎn)火正時(shí)燈檢查發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)點(diǎn)火正時(shí)；（2）檢查輔助空氣控制閥工作是否正常；（3）拔下油壓調(diào)節(jié)器真空管，給調(diào)節(jié)器提供真空或加壓，檢查怠速，若有變化，檢查混合比反饋系統(tǒng)；（4）檢查廢氣再循環(huán)控制閥的工作狀況；（5）在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)怠速狀態(tài)檢查EGR電磁線圈的端電壓；（6）檢查節(jié)氣門(mén)位置傳感器；（7）檢查水溫傳感器及其電路；（8）拔下發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)水溫傳感器接頭后起動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，檢查怠速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)情況，若不良，檢查發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)水溫傳感器及其電路。</p>&

23、lt;p>　?。ㄋ模┌l(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)暖機(jī)后怠速過(guò)低、不穩(wěn)定 </p><p><b>　　1、維修實(shí)例 </b></p><p>　　車(chē)型：福特天霸VIN：1FAPD36X5PH121840L42.3L，M/T </p><p>　　故障現(xiàn)象：此車(chē)能起動(dòng)，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)啟動(dòng)后1min就熄火。在熄火前發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)燈會(huì)閃爍幾次，重新起動(dòng)，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)起動(dòng)后馬上熄火。 &l

24、t;/p><p>　　故障原因：用紅盒子SCANNER掃描儀讀故障碼，也可用手動(dòng)來(lái)讀取。診斷接頭在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)防火墻內(nèi)，將自診斷輸入端（ST1）與信號(hào)回輸端以跨線跨接，連接電壓表，正極棒接蓄電池正極，負(fù)極棒接自診輸出端（STO），當(dāng)點(diǎn)火開(kāi)關(guān)ON后，由電壓表擺動(dòng)的次數(shù)，即可讀取故障碼。清除故障碼，則在點(diǎn)火開(kāi)關(guān)ON后，正要顯示故障碼時(shí)，立即拆除跨接線即可，該車(chē)讀出的故障碼為進(jìn)氣溫度傳感器線路不良。 </p>&l

25、t;p>　　故障排除：拆下進(jìn)氣溫度傳感器，測(cè)量其電阻，在不同溫度下應(yīng)有不同的阻值。 </p><p>　　假如電阻正常，測(cè)量信號(hào)端電壓源(即25號(hào)腳接線)，其電壓應(yīng)在5V左右。另外，當(dāng)點(diǎn)火開(kāi)關(guān)OFF時(shí)，46號(hào)共同搭鐵線與車(chē)身搭鐵的電阻應(yīng)在5歐以下。檢查結(jié)果，26號(hào)線開(kāi)路，修好此線路，車(chē)輛恢復(fù)正常。 </p><p>　　分析：進(jìn)氣溫度傳感器（ACT）裝在進(jìn)氣歧管上，或裝在空氣器濾芯旁

26、邊，用以檢測(cè)進(jìn)入氣缸的空氣溫度，以修正噴油量，使空氣燃油的混合比更適合于燃燒。它利用熱敏電阻作感應(yīng)，將不同的溫度下電阻的變化，轉(zhuǎn)變成信號(hào)電壓。溫度越高，信號(hào)電壓越低，噴油量越少。 </p><p>　　2、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)暖機(jī)后怠速過(guò)低、不穩(wěn)定故障檢測(cè)與診斷分析 </p><p><b>　　1）故障現(xiàn)象 </b></p><p>　　發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)暖機(jī)后怠速運(yùn)

27、轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)速過(guò)低，容易熄火。 </p><p><b>　　2）故障原因 </b></p><p>　　（1）點(diǎn)火正時(shí)過(guò)遲，（2）氣缸壓縮力過(guò)低，（3）噴油器性能差（4）燃油泵工作狀況不良?？刂葡到y(tǒng)中曲軸位置傳感器，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)水溫傳感器不良。 </p><p><b>　　3）診斷方法 </b></p><p

28、>　?。?）用正時(shí)燈檢查發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)點(diǎn)火正時(shí)；（2）檢查旁通進(jìn)氣管是否堵塞；（3）檢查節(jié)氣門(mén)室氣路是否堵塞；（4）檢查節(jié)氣門(mén)是否卡阻；（5）拔下調(diào)壓器真空管，給調(diào)壓器提供真空或加壓，檢查發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)怠速；（6）調(diào)取故障碼，利用輸出代碼。</p><p>　　（五）發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)加速不良 </p><p><b>　　1、維修實(shí)例： </b></p><p>

29、　　車(chē)型：別克CENTURY牌轎車(chē)，裝備V6電控發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。 </p><p>　　故障現(xiàn)象：行駛中加速不良，怠速時(shí)嚴(yán)重抖動(dòng)，急加速時(shí)進(jìn)氣管回火。 </p><p><b>　　故障分析與排除： </b></p><p>　　更換火花塞和汽油濾清汽器，清洗空氣濾清器，故障依舊。用汽油噴射系統(tǒng)清洗劑及專用設(shè)備自動(dòng)清洗電噴裝置清洗，仍無(wú)效果；拆下噴油器

30、，清洗后故障仍舊。 </p><p>　　拆下空氣濾清器，用手賭住氣門(mén)閥體的進(jìn)口濾網(wǎng)，使主通道的進(jìn)氣面積減少，增加混合氣濃度，結(jié)果怠速穩(wěn)定，加速也不再回火，顯然故障為混合氣過(guò)稀所致。 </p><p>　　測(cè)試燃油壓力，啟動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)并改變轉(zhuǎn)速，壓力值在正常范圍內(nèi)。因空氣流量傳感器是影響空燃比的重要因素，拔下其插頭，啟動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，怠速穩(wěn)定，加速性能也良好，故再檢查空氣流量傳感器，接線未斷，但線上

31、有積垢。清除積垢并清洗后復(fù)原，故障排除。 </p><p>　　2、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)加速不良的故障檢測(cè)與診斷分析 </p><p><b>　　1）故障現(xiàn)象 </b></p><p>　　加速時(shí)，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速不易提高，或發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)“突突”響。 </p><p>　　2）故障原因及檢修 </p><p>　　燃油系

32、統(tǒng)：（1）燃油管變形；（2）檢測(cè)燃油泵工作是否正常；（3）檢測(cè)燃油燃油壓力調(diào)節(jié)器和保持壓力；（4）檢查噴油器的噴油量和密封性。 </p><p>　　檢查點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)中火花塞和點(diǎn)火線圈是否損壞，點(diǎn)火正時(shí)是否失準(zhǔn)。 </p><p>　　電控系統(tǒng)：（1）檢查節(jié)流閥體；（2）進(jìn)氣歧管轉(zhuǎn)換閥；（3）凸輪軸調(diào)節(jié)電磁閥；（4）發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)電控單元；（5）傳感器狀態(tài)。 </p><p>

33、　　檢查ECU是否有故障。 </p><p>　　機(jī)械系統(tǒng)：（1）汽缸壓力不正常；（2）缸墊沖壞；（3）空氣濾清器堵塞，進(jìn)氣管路是否漏氣；（4）燃油質(zhì)量不合格。 </p><p>　　總結(jié)：上述為電控發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)常見(jiàn)故障，每一類故障又表現(xiàn)出不同的故障現(xiàn)象，并且各自有不同的故障原因。當(dāng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)出現(xiàn)上述常見(jiàn)故障現(xiàn)象，又確定不了故障原因時(shí)，應(yīng)找出每種故障可能的原因，逐一進(jìn)行排除，直到最后確診并修復(fù)。電控

34、汽車(chē)故障分析與診斷應(yīng)遵循“詢問(wèn)、查閱資料、直觀檢查、調(diào)取故障碼、檢測(cè)和試驗(yàn)”檢修過(guò)程和規(guī)律，采用逐一排除的方法，將確定故障的范圍一步步縮小，最終找到故障部位。 </p><p>　　隨著汽車(chē)技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，對(duì)汽車(chē)維修人員的要求也越來(lái)越高，汽車(chē)維修技術(shù)人員只有不斷學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)代汽車(chē)技術(shù)相關(guān)知識(shí)和理論，更好的掌握汽車(chē)電子控制系統(tǒng)的保養(yǎng)，故障判斷及排除方法，學(xué)會(huì)使用各種檢測(cè)儀器設(shè)備，不斷總結(jié)維修經(jīng)驗(yàn)，提高維修技術(shù)水平，才能適

35、應(yīng)汽車(chē)維修技術(shù)日新月異的發(fā)展。 </p><p>　　附件2：外文原文（復(fù)印件）</p><p>　　Electronic Control Engine Troubleshooting Analysis</p><p>　　Abstract: The variety of electronic control system and its constant use

36、of sound, making detection and maintenance technical requirements for motor vehicles getting higher and higher. In this paper, examples of vehicle maintenance on the automobile engine electronic control fuel injection sy

37、stem during maintenance work common fault detection and diagnosis methods of analysis and discussion. </p><p>　　Key words: electronically controlled engine, maintenance, fault detection, diagnosis </p>

38、<p>　　With the continuous development of the automotive industry, automobile manufacturing technology, electronic technology in the automotive application of increasingly wide. Electronic-controlled fuel injection

39、 system as a core component of the vehicle, its performance is a direct impact on the driving force to cars, economy, reliability, safety, emission purification and comfort. Car is running, as a result of vibration, high

40、 temperature, dust and other reasons, electronic-controlled fuel injectio</p><p>　　First, the engine electronic control the composition and working principle </p><p>　　Engine Electronic Control

41、Fuel Injection System General by the intake system, fuel supply system, ignition system, control system. The entire electronic control system is based on the electronic engine controller (ECU) for the control of the core

42、, the air quantity and engine speed to calculate the basic fuel injection duration, according to sensor detection and engine operating conditions on the parameters, the basic fuel injection duration amended so as to fuel

43、 injection, ignition and electroni</p><p>　　Second, Electronic Control Engine Troubleshooting and Maintenance Methods </p><p>　　Engine Electronic Control Fuel Injection System as long as there i

44、s oil has electricity, fuel injection time and ignition time is accurate, the engine can be launched by the fire. If there is a fault in the starter motor, the engine may be difficult to start, idle, such as instability

45、or accelerated undesirable phenomenon, it is a more common fault, probably due to the fuel pump does not pump fuel pump oil or lack of fuel injector , cold-start circuit to plug the nozzle and, bad idle compensatio</p

46、><p>　　(1) engine start-up difficulties</p><p>　　1, maintenance examples </p><p>　　Models: Shanghai Passat B5 sedans. </p><p>　　Fault phenomenon: hot car engine to start n

47、ormally, and when cold, especially in the morning when starting the first time, start difficulties. </p><p>　　Diagnosis and rule out the possibility: from fault symptoms analysis, fault should be in the fuel

48、 supply system. In the fuel pipe connected to a dedicated fuel pressure gauge to check fuel pump check valve leak tightness, start the engine, check fuel system pressure, normal. Close the fuel pressure gauge on the valv

49、e, at the same time work to stop the engine, fuel pressure gauge at this time the instructions on the value of approximately 400KP. Observed after 10min, the pressure is about 70KPa, </p><p>　　As the fuel pr

50、essure gauge on the valve is closed, so analysis of the fuel system leak caused by reasons: (1) fuel pump check valve leaking. (2) pipeline leak. </p><p>　　External pipeline inspection without leakage, the a

51、nalysis should be a one-way valve for the fuel leak, replace the fuel pump, the fault has not yet ruled out. </p><p>　　Analysis of the fuel pipe still leaking Department. External piping has been checked, th

52、e internal pipe it? Check out the oil tank inside the fuel tank out of the mouth to the section of pipeline inter-connector transparent rubber hose and found that the fuel tube has an aging crack, This pipeline will be r

53、eplaced, troubleshooting. </p><p>　　2, engine start-up difficulties of fault detection and diagnosis analysis </p><p>　　1) fault phenomenon </p><p>　　Engine start-up difficulties, t

54、here are two main situations: first, the engine temperature is low is not easy in the car, when temperatures easily the car. Second, cold engine start-up of normal cars, but the hot car difficult to start after the start

55、er. </p><p>　　2) the cause of the malfunction Fuel system failures: (1) fuel pump is not working correctly, (2) bad fuel injector, (3) intake manifold vacuum leak path, (4) Idle Speed Control Valve Close l

56、ax. </p><p>　　Ignition system failure: (1) intake air flow or pressure sensors, (2) Ne (speed signal) G1G2, (3) throttle position, temperature sensors, (4) neutral NP (5) ignition module, (6) ignition coil p

57、rimary, secondary or short-circuit is broken, (7) high-tension line, the damping resistance or leakage, (8) whether the spark discharge gap leakage, (9) to check whether there is any fault ECU. </p><p>　　3)

58、detection and diagnosis methods: </p><p>　　(1) measuring the battery voltage, (2) check the S & P to help the work of the air control valve, (3) access to fault codes, engine temperature sensors detect a

59、bnormal changes should be made, (4) the engine temperature sensor connector will be disconnected after the start-up engine, If normal, check the temperature sensor circuit and sensor, (5) to check whether the plug voltag

60、e regulator tube.</p><p>　　(B) no engine fast idle </p><p>　　1, maintenance examples </p><p>　　Vehicle: Chrysler </p><p>　　Fault phenomenon: when idle or fast idle inst

61、ability and on the 25th when the fault code, fault code on the 25th will CHECKENGINE lights. </p><p>　　Fault reasons: (1) check the throttle body wire harnesses, tape tied observation of whether any part of

62、the damaged insulation. </p><p>　　(2) electric wire harness will be placed in jail beam PCV valve cover joints. </p><p>　　(3) If the fault code exists on the 25th, the use of SCANNER red box dir

63、ectory CLEARCODES clear fault code, if the fault code again, is the idle speed motor may be surmised that a bad or loose wiring. </p><p>　　2, the engine no faster Idle Fault Detection and Diagnostic Analysis

64、 </p><p>　　1) fault phenomenon Start the engine and no fast idle. </p><p>　　2) the cause of the malfunction </p><p>　　Ignition System: ignition timing inaccurate. </p><

65、p>　　Intake System: (1) whether the bypass plug into the trachea (2) auxiliary air control valve is not working correctly. Control systems, engine water temperature sensor bad. </p><p>　　3) diagnostic meth

66、ods </p><p>　　(1) check the auxiliary air control valve work is normal and its circuit, (2) to check whether the plug-pass into the trachea, (3) check and adjust ignition timing, (4) Unplug the vacuum tube r

67、egulator to regulator provide vacuum or pressure, check the mixing ratio feedback sensor system, (5) Unplug the connector engine temperature, and then restart, if it is not normal, check the sensor and its circuit.</p

68、><p>　　(C) warm-up before the engine idle speed instability </p><p>　　1, repair examples: </p><p>　　Vehicle: Toyota Crown 3.0 </p><p>　　Fault phenomenon: after starting ru

69、nning cooler, the idle running unstable. Adjust idle speed screw, fault still exists. </p><p>　　Fault Analysis and discharge: the car equipped with a diagnosis of electronic control devices. Available for th

70、eir inspection</p><p>　　Failure, is: Open bonnet, in the vicinity of air intake manifolds to find a box marked with the Diagnosisde. Open the diagnosis of plastic cover, in its socket to find the back of the

71、 jack TE1 and E1. With a short wire to connect the two jacks, and then placed in the ignition switch ON block, at this time do not have to start the engine, do not have to pedal, so that throttle to maintain in situ. Fau

72、lt dashboard warning lights began flashing regularly 4 times and one times, that fault code 41. C</p><p>　　Car throttle position sensor output for potentiometer-type structure, there are four posts, namely V

73、c (power pin) IDL (Idle feet), VTA (output pin) and E2 (grounding pin). Check the sensor wiring found broken off, but check the connector found on it has corroded. Rust on the connector, the circuit back to normal. Start

74、 the engine, and then fine-tune idle screw, and its speed can be stabilized at around 750r/min, the elimination of computer memory, and then show the code review of computer failur</p><p>　　2, engine warm-up

75、 before the idle instability analysis of fault detection and diagnosis </p><p>　　1) fault phenomenon </p><p>　　Start the engine running after the cooler, the idle running unstable. </p>&

76、lt;p>　　2) the cause of the malfunction </p><p>　　Intake System: (1) mixture concentration, auxiliary air control valve. </p><p>　　Ignition System: ignition timing inaccurate. Control System:

77、Engine water temperature sensor bad, EGR System: EGR control valve jammed shut down should not, EGR solenoid valve often broken. </p><p>　　3) diagnostic methods </p><p>　　(1) the use of ignition

78、 timing light to check the engine ignition timing, (2) check the auxiliary air control valve work is normal, (3) Unplug the oil pressure regulator vacuum tube to the regulator to provide vacuum or pressure, check the idl

79、e speed, if so, what changes, check the mixing ratio feedback system, (4) exhaust gas recirculation control valve to check the status of work, (5) in the engine idling state examination EGR electromagnetic coil terminal

80、voltage, (6) check throttle position </p><p>　　(D) after the engine warm-up idling too low and unstable </p><p>　　1, maintenance examples </p><p>　　Models: Ford Tianba VIN: 1FAPD36X

81、5PH121840L42.3L, M / T </p><p>　　Fault phenomenon: the car can start, start the engine on the flame after 1min. In the flame flickering lantern engine several times before, re-start, engine start-up immediat

82、ely after the flame. </p><p>　　Fault reasons: red box SCANNER scanner read fault codes, can also be used to read the manual. Diagnostic connector in the engine firewall, it will be self-diagnosis input (ST1)

83、 and signal back to lose client to inter-line jumper, connect voltage meter, then the battery anode rod cathode, anode rod from the patient then output (STO), when the ignition switch ON, followed by the number of oscill

84、ating voltage meter, you can read the fault code. Clear fault code, then in the ignition switch ON after</p><p>　　Troubleshooting: Remove intake air temperature sensor, measuring its resistance, at different

85、 temperatures have different resistance. </p><p>　　If the resistance of the normal, measuring signal terminal voltage source (that is, on the 25th pin cable), its voltage should be around 5V. In addition, wh

86、en the ignition switch OFF, the 46 line and the body of common Ground Ground resistance should be below 5 in Europe. Inspection results, on the 26th line of open circuit, repair the lines, the vehicle returned to normal.

87、 </p><p>　　Analysis: intake air temperature sensor (ACT) installed in the intake manifold, or installed in the air beside the filter device to detect air entering the cylinder temperature, to amend the fuel

88、injection quantity, so that the air fuel mixing ratio is more suitable in combustion. It uses thermistor sensors for different temperature resistivity changes into voltage signals. The higher the temperature, the lower v

89、oltage signal, the less amount of fuel injection. </p><p>　　2, the engine idle speed is too low after warm-up, unstable fault detection and diagnosis analysis </p><p>　　1) fault phenomenon </

90、p><p>　　Engine Idling after warm-up operation, the speed is too low, easy to flame. </p><p>　　2) the cause of the malfunction </p><p>　　(1) late ignition timing, (2) Cylinder compressi

91、on force is too low, (3) poor performance Injector (4) working conditions, bad fuel pump. Control system of the crankshaft position sensor, engine water temperature sensor bad. </p><p>　　3) diagnostic method

92、s </p><p>　　(1) check engine light is when the ignition timing, (2) to check whether the plug-pass into the trachea, (3) to check whether the gas chamber throttle plug (4) check whether the card throttle res

93、istance, (5) pull down voltage vacuum tube to the regulator to provide vacuum or pressure, check engine idle speed, (6) access to fault codes, the use of the output code</p><p>　　(E) of the engine to acceler

94、ate the adverse </p><p>　　1, repair examples:</p><p>　　Models: Buick CENTURY sedans equipped V6 engine electronic control. </p><p>　　Fault phenomenon: moving to accelerate the poor

95、idle when serious jitter, when the intake manifold backfire. </p><p>　　Troubleshooting: </p><p>　　Replacement of spark plugs and gasoline vapor filter, and clean air filter, fault still. Petrol

96、injection system cleaning agents and special equipment EFI automatic cleaning device cleaning, no effect; removed injector, fault remains after cleaning. </p><p>　　Removed the air filter, hand gambling live

97、import filter valve body so that the main channel to reduce the intake area, increasing the concentration of the mixture, resulting in idle stability, not speed up the return fire, apparently as a mixture over fault Dilu

98、te due. </p><p>　　Testing fuel pressure, start the engine and change speed, the pressure value in the normal range. Due to air flow sensor is an important factor in the impact of air-fuel ratio, unplug the p

99、lug, start the engine, idle speed stability, and speed up performance is also good, so check the air flow sensor, wiring is not broken, but online has fouling. Removal of fouling and cleaning after the recovery, troubles

100、hooting. </p><p>　　2, the engine speed up the bad fault detection and diagnosis analysis </p><p>　　1) fault phenomenon </p><p>　　Accelerate when the engine speed is not easy to rais

101、e, or the engine "chug" sound. </p><p>　　2) the cause of the malfunction and repair </p><p>　　Fuel system: (1) fuel tube deformation, (2) testing the fuel pump work is normal, (3) test

102、ing the fuel pressure regulator fuel and maintain the pressure, (4) to check the fuel injection injector and tightness. </p><p>　　Check the ignition system and ignition coil spark plug is damaged, the igniti

103、on timing is inaccurate. </p><p>　　Electronic Control System: (1) check the throttle body, (2) Intake Manifold switching valve, (3) solenoid valve camshaft adjustment, (4) Engine electronic control unit, (5)

104、 sensor status.</p><p>　　ECU has to check whether the fault. </p><p>　　Mechanical systems: (1) the cylinder pressure is not normal, (2) cylinder pad washed out, (3) air filter blocked the road w