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1、本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文翻譯原文：原文：AconceptualdensitybasedapproachfthedisambiguationoftoponymsNowadaysahugequantityofinfmationisstedindigitalfmat.Agreatptionofthisinfmationisconstitutedbytextualunstructureddocumentswheregeographicalref

2、erencesareusuallygivenbymeansofplacenames.Acommonproblemwithtextualinfmationretrievalisrepresentedbypolysemouswdsthatiswdscanhavemethanonesense.Thisproblemispresentalsointhegeographicaldomain:placenamesmayrefertodifferen

3、tlocationsinthewld.Inthispaperweinvestigatetheuseofourwdsensedisambiguationtechniqueinthegeographicaldomainwiththeaimofresolvingambiguousplacenames.OurtechniqueisbasedonWdconceptualdensity.Duetothelackofareferencecpustag

4、gedwithWdsenseswecarriedouttheexperimentsoverasetof1210placenamesextractedfromtheSemCcpusthatwenamedGeoSemCmadepubliclyavailable.WecomparedourmethodwiththemostfrequentbaselinetheenhancedLeskmethodwhichpreviouslyhasnotbee

5、ntestedinlargecontexts.Theresultsshowthatabetterprecisioncanbeachievedbyusingasmallcontext(phraselevel)whereasagreatercoveragecanbeobtainedbyusinglargecontexts(documentlevel).Theproposedmethodshouldbetestedwithothercpadu

6、etothefactthatourexperimentsevidencedtheexcessivebiastowardsthemostfrequentsenseoftheGeoSemC.Keywds:WdsensedisambiguationToponymresolutionConceptualdensitySpatialindexing1.IntroductionAgreatptionoftheinfmationcurrentlyav

7、ailableindigitalfmatisconstitutedbytextualunstructureddocuments.ThecontinuousgrowthofthiskindRigau(1996).WeusedWd(Miller1995)asanexternalknowledgeresource.Toponymdisambiguationisarelativelynewfield.FromanNLPperspectiveit

8、ismerelytheapplicationofWSDtoplacenames.ItsmostdirectapplicationshouldbetheimprovementofthesearchesbothintheWebinlargenewscollectionsduetothefactthatitisverycommontofindgeographicalinfmationinwebpagesnewssties(e.g.‘Elect

9、ionsinItaly’‘PlanecrashinTeheran’).Agrowinginterestinthefieldofgeographicalinfmationretrieval(GIR)istestifiedbytherecentcreationoftheGeoCLEFexercisetheincrementoftheattendanceattheGIRwkshops4heldatthelastSIGIRevents.Thel

10、ackofareferencecpushaslongbeenanobstacletotheevaluationofalgithmsftoponymresolution(Leidner2004).Recentlysomecpahavebeencompiled(GarbinMani2005Leidner2006)butthelackofamappingbetweenWdthelocationsIDsusedinthesecpaprevent

11、edusfromevaluatingourmethodwiththeseresources.WeovercomethisproblembyingthegeographicalentitiesintheSemC5cpusthatwasiginallydevelopedftheWSDtask.Inthefollowingsectionwewillgiveanoverviewofthepreviousefftsinthefieldoftopo

12、nymdisambiguation.InSection3wewillprovideabriefdeionoftheWdontology.InSection4wewilldescribeourWSDmethod.InSection5wewillresumetheexperimentscarriedoutthesystemswecomparedourmethodtotogetherwithadeionofthecpuswebuilt.Fin

13、allywewillgiveadiscussionoftheobtainedresults.2.PreviouswkontoponymresolutionToponymresolutioncanbedefinedasthetaskofassigninganambiguousplacenamewithreferencetotheactuallocationthatitrepresentsinagivencontext.Finstancet

14、hewd‘Cambridge’isambiguous.Itcouldbeusedtorepresentoneofthefollowinglocations(accdingtoWd):(i)Cambridge—(acityineasternEnglontheRiverCamsiteofCambridgeUniversity)(ii)Cambridge—(acityinMassachusettsjustnthofBostonsiteofHa

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