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1、<p><b>  山東理工大學(xué)</b></p><p><b>  畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)</b></p><p><b> ?。ㄍ馕姆g材料)</b></p><p>  Relay protection development present situation</p><p&g

2、t;  Abstract: Reviewed our country electrical power system relay protection technological development process, has outlined the microcomputer relay protection technology achievement, propose the future relay protection t

3、echnological development tendency will be: Computerizes, networked, protects, the control, the survey, the data communication integration and the artificial intellectualization.</p><p>  Key word: relay prot

4、ection, present situation development, future development</p><p>  1 relay protection development present situation</p><p>  The electrical power system rapid development to the relay protection

5、 propose unceasingly the new request, the electronic technology, computer technology and the communication rapid development unceasingly has poured into the new vigor for the relay protection technology development, ther

6、efore, the relay protection technology is advantageous, has completed the development 4 historical stage in more than 40 years time.</p><p>  After the founding of the nation, our country relay protection di

7、scipline, the relay protection design, the relay manufacture industry and the relay protection technical team grows out of nothing, has passed through the path in about 10 years which advanced countries half century pass

8、es through. The 50's, our country engineers and technicians creatively absorption, the digestion, have grasped the overseas advanced relay protection equipment performance and the movement technology , completed to&

9、lt;/p><p>  From the end of the 50's, the transistor relay protection was starting to study. In the 60's to the 80's, it is the times which the transistor relay protection vigorous development and w

10、idely used. Tianjin University and the Nanjing electric power automation plant cooperation research 500kV transistor direction high frequency protection the transistor high frequency block system which develops with the

11、Nanjing electric power automation research institute is away from the protection, moves on the</p><p>  From the 70's, start based on the integration operational amplifier integrated circuit protection t

12、o study. Has formed the completely series to at the end of 80's integrated circuit protection, substitutes for the transistor protection gradually. The development, the production, the application the integrated circ

13、uit protects which to the beginning of the 90's still were in the dominant position, this was the integrated circuit protection time. The integrated electricity road work frequency conv</p><p>  Our coun

14、try namely started the computer relay protection research from the end of the 70's, the institutions of higher learning and the scientific research courtyard institute forerunner's function. Huazhong University o

15、f Science and Technology, southeast the university, the North China electric power institute, the Xian Jiao tong University, the Tianjin University, Shanghai Jiao tong University, the Chongqing University and the Nanjing

16、 electric power automation research institute one after anot</p><p>  2 relay protections future development</p><p>  The relay protection technology future the tendency will be to computerizes,

17、 networked, the intellectualization, will protect, the control, the survey and the data communication integration development.</p><p>  2.1 computerizes </p><p>  Along with the computer hardwar

18、e swift and violent development, the microcomputer protection hardware also unceasingly is developing. The original North China electric power institute develops the microcomputer line protection hardware has experienced

19、 3 development phases: Is published from 8 lists CPU structure microcomputer protection, does not develop to 5 years time to the multi- CPU structure, latter developed to the main line does not leave the module the big m

20、odular structure, the perform</p><p>  The Nanjing electric power automation research institute from the very beginning has developed 16 CPU is the foundation microcomputer line protection, obtained the big

21、area promotion, at present also is studying 32 protections hardware system. Southeast the university develops the microcomputer host equipment protects the hardware also passed through improved and the enhancement many t

22、imes. The Tianjin University from the very beginning is the development take more than 16 CPU as the foundation </p><p>  The electrical power system the request which protects to the microcomputer enhances

23、unceasingly, besides protection basic function, but also should have the large capacity breakdown information and the data long-term storage space, the fast data processing function, the formidable traffic capacity, with

24、 other protections, the control device and dispatches the networking by to share the entire system data, the information and the network resources ability, the higher order language programming a</p><p>  Re

25、lay protection installment, computerizes is the irreversible development tendency. How but to satisfies the electrical power system request well, how further enhances the relay protection the reliability, how obtains the

26、 bigger economic efficiency and the social efficiency, still must conduct specifically the thorough research. </p><p>  2.2 networked</p><p>  The computer network has become the information age

27、 as the information and the data communication tool the technical prop, caused the human production and the social life appearance has had the radical change. It profoundly is affecting each industry domain, also has pro

28、vided the powerful means of communication for each industry domain. So far, besides the differential motion protection and the vertical association protection, all relay protections installment all only can respond the p

29、rotection</p><p>  Regarding the general non- system protection, the realization protective device computer networking also has the very big advantage. The relay protection equipment can obtain system failur

30、e information more, then to the breakdown nature, the breakdown position judgment and the breakdown distance examination is more accurate. Passed through the very long time to the auto-adapted protection principle resear

31、ch, also has yielded the certain result, but must realize truly protects to the system movem</p><p>  Regarding certain protective device realization computer networking also can enhance the protection the r

32、eliability. The Tianjin University in 1993 proposed in view of the future Three Gorges hydroelectric power station 500kv ultrahigh voltage multi-return routes generatrix one kind of distributional generatrix protection p

33、rinciple, developed successfully this kind of equipment initially. Its principle is disperses the traditional central generatrix protection certain (with to protect generatrix</p><p>  By above may know, mic

34、rocomputer protective device may enhance the protection performance and the reliability greatly, this is the microcomputer protection development inevitable trend.</p><p>  2.3 protections, control, survey,

35、data communication integrations </p><p>  In realization relay protection computerizing with under the condition, the protective device is in fact a high performance, the multi-purpose computer, is in an ent

36、ire electrical power system computer network intelligent terminal. It may gain the electrical power system movement and breakdown any information and the data from the net, also may protect the part which obtains it any

37、information and the data transfer for the network control center or no matter what a terminal. Therefore, each micr</p><p>  At present, in order to survey, the protection and the control need, outdoor trans

38、former substation all equipment, like the transformer, the line and so on the secondary voltage, the electric current all must use the control cable to direct to . Lays the massive control cable not only must massively i

39、nvest, moreover makes the secondary circuit to be extremely complex. But if the above protection, the control, the survey, the data communication integration computer installation, will install in o</p><p> 

40、 2.4 intellectualizations </p><p>  In recent years, the artificial intelligence technology like nerve network, the genetic algorithms, the evolution plan, the fuzzy logic and so on all obtained the applicat

41、ion in electrical power system each domain, also started in the relay protection domain application research. The nerve network is one non-linear mapping method, very many lists the complex non-linear problem with diffic

42、ulty which the equation or solves with difficulty, the application nerve network side principle may be easily</p><p>  3 conclusions </p><p>  Since the founding of China's electric power sy

43、stem protection technology has undergone four times. With the rapid development of power systems and computer technology, communications technology, relay technology faces the further development of the trend. Domestic a

44、nd international trends in the development of protection technologies: computerization, networking, protection, control, measurement, data communications integration and artificial intelligence, which made protection wor

45、kers difficul</p><p><b>  繼電保護(hù)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀</b></p><p>  摘要:回顧我國(guó)電力系統(tǒng)繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)的發(fā)展過(guò)程,概述了微機(jī)繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)成果,提出了未來(lái)繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)將是:計(jì)算機(jī)化,網(wǎng)絡(luò)化,保護(hù),控制,調(diào)查,數(shù)據(jù)通信一體化和人工智能化。</p><p>  關(guān)鍵詞:繼電保護(hù),目前發(fā)展形勢(shì),未來(lái)發(fā)展<

46、;/p><p><b>  1繼電保護(hù)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀</b></p><p>  電力系統(tǒng)繼電保護(hù)的快速發(fā)展不斷提出新的要求,電子技術(shù),計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)和通信技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展,不斷給繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)的發(fā)展注入新的活力,因此,繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)是有利的,在短短40多年的發(fā)展時(shí)間內(nèi),經(jīng)歷了4個(gè)歷史階段。</p><p>  建國(guó)之后,我國(guó)繼電保護(hù)學(xué)科,繼電保護(hù)設(shè)計(jì),繼電器制造

47、工業(yè)和繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)隊(duì)伍從無(wú)到有,大約10年的時(shí)間就已經(jīng)完成,然而在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家需要半個(gè)多世紀(jì)才能完成。50年代,我們國(guó)家的工程師和技術(shù)人員創(chuàng)造性地吸收,消化,并掌握了國(guó)外先進(jìn)的繼電器保護(hù)設(shè)備性能和運(yùn)動(dòng)技術(shù),完成深繼電器保護(hù)理論造詣和具有經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的運(yùn)動(dòng)繼電器保護(hù)技術(shù)團(tuán)隊(duì),對(duì)全國(guó)繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)隊(duì)伍的建立的起了指導(dǎo)作用。當(dāng)時(shí)繼電器廠引進(jìn)消化國(guó)外先進(jìn)的繼電器制造技術(shù),建立了我國(guó)繼電器制造業(yè)。因此,我們國(guó)家在60年代就已經(jīng)完成了繼電保護(hù)研究,設(shè)計(jì),制造

48、,運(yùn)動(dòng)和教學(xué)的完整體系。這是一個(gè)機(jī)械和電氣繼電保護(hù)繁榮的時(shí)代,為我國(guó)繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)的發(fā)展奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。</p><p>  從50年代末,晶體管繼電保護(hù)已經(jīng)開(kāi)始在我國(guó)研究。在60年代到80年代中是晶體管繼電保護(hù)蓬勃發(fā)展和廣泛應(yīng)用的時(shí)代。天津大學(xué)與南京電力自動(dòng)化設(shè)備合作研究500kV晶體管方向高頻保護(hù)的晶體管高頻塊與南京電力自動(dòng)化研究院開(kāi)發(fā)的系統(tǒng)是遠(yuǎn)離的保護(hù),對(duì)葛洲壩500 kV線路進(jìn)行操作,開(kāi)始進(jìn)入500kV線

49、路保護(hù)完全不依靠從國(guó)外進(jìn)口的重要時(shí)代。</p><p>  從70年代開(kāi)始,是基于集成運(yùn)算放大器的集成電路保護(hù)研究。在80年代集成電路的保護(hù),逐漸取代晶體管保護(hù),最終已形成完整的系列。集成電路保護(hù)的開(kāi)發(fā),生產(chǎn),應(yīng)用到90年代仍然占主導(dǎo)地位,這是集成電路保護(hù)的時(shí)代。集成電路的工作變頻量的方向發(fā)展,在這方面,南京電力自動(dòng)化研究院高頻保護(hù)起著的重要作用,天津大學(xué)與南京電力自動(dòng)化設(shè)備合開(kāi)發(fā)的集成電路相電壓補(bǔ)償式高頻方向保

50、護(hù)在多條220kV和500kV線路上得到應(yīng)用。</p><p>  我國(guó)從70年代末即開(kāi)始在計(jì)算機(jī)繼電保護(hù)方面的研究,高等院校和科研院體現(xiàn)出了先進(jìn)的功能。華中科技大學(xué),東南大學(xué),華北電力學(xué)院,西安交通大學(xué),天津大學(xué),上海交通大學(xué),重慶大學(xué)和南京電力自動(dòng)化研究的研究所后,根據(jù)在不同的原則,不同的模式上,另一種微機(jī)保護(hù)裝置開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)。1984年原華北電力學(xué)院研制的輸電線路微機(jī)保護(hù)裝置首先通過(guò)鑒定,并在系統(tǒng)中找到應(yīng)用程序

51、,打開(kāi)了我國(guó)繼電保護(hù)歷史新的一頁(yè),為微機(jī)保護(hù)的推廣鋪平了道路。在主機(jī)設(shè)備的保護(hù)方面,東南大學(xué)和華中科技大學(xué)開(kāi)發(fā)的發(fā)電機(jī)失去磁保護(hù)技術(shù),發(fā)電機(jī)保護(hù)和發(fā)電機(jī)、變壓器保護(hù)也相繼于1989年,1994年通過(guò)鑒定,投入到運(yùn)行之中。南京電力自動(dòng)化研究院開(kāi)發(fā)微機(jī)線路保護(hù)裝置也于1991年通過(guò)鑒定。天津大學(xué)與南京電力自動(dòng)化設(shè)備合作開(kāi)發(fā)微機(jī)相電壓補(bǔ)償式方向高頻保護(hù),西安交通大學(xué)與許昌繼電器廠合作開(kāi)發(fā)正序擊穿分量方向高頻保護(hù),也相繼于1993年,1996年

52、通過(guò)鑒定。在不同的原則,不同類(lèi)型的微機(jī)線路和主設(shè)備保護(hù)獨(dú)特之上,又提供了一批新的新一代電力系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)良性能,功能已經(jīng)完善,工作可靠的繼電保護(hù)裝置。隨著微機(jī)保護(hù)裝置的研究,在微電腦方面等保護(hù)軟件,算法上也取得了很多的</p><p>  可以說(shuō)從90年代開(kāi)始我國(guó)繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)進(jìn)入微機(jī)保護(hù)的時(shí)代。</p><p>  2繼電保護(hù)的未來(lái)發(fā)展</p><p>  繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)未

53、來(lái)的趨勢(shì)將是向著計(jì)算機(jī)化,網(wǎng)絡(luò)化,智能化,保護(hù),控制,調(diào)查和數(shù)據(jù)通信一體化發(fā)展。</p><p><b>  2.1計(jì)算機(jī)化</b></p><p>  隨著計(jì)算機(jī)硬件的迅速發(fā)展,微機(jī)保護(hù)硬件也在不斷地發(fā)展。原華北電力學(xué)院研制的微機(jī)線路保護(hù)硬件已經(jīng)歷了3個(gè)發(fā)展歷程:從8個(gè)CPU結(jié)構(gòu)的微機(jī)保護(hù)出版,不到5年的發(fā)展時(shí)間,多CPU結(jié)構(gòu),后者已經(jīng)發(fā)展為主線,確實(shí)不能離開(kāi)模塊的

54、大模塊化結(jié)構(gòu),性能提高很大,得到了廣泛應(yīng)用。華中科技大學(xué)的發(fā)展也從8個(gè)CPU的微機(jī)保護(hù),發(fā)展成以采取工控機(jī)核心部分為基礎(chǔ)的32微機(jī)保護(hù)。</p><p>  南京電力自動(dòng)化研究院從一開(kāi)始就開(kāi)發(fā)了16個(gè)CPU為基礎(chǔ)的微機(jī)線路保護(hù),獲得大面積推廣,目前也正在研究32個(gè)微機(jī)保護(hù)硬件系統(tǒng)。東南大學(xué)開(kāi)發(fā)的微機(jī)主機(jī)設(shè)備的保護(hù)也通過(guò)了多次改進(jìn)和增強(qiáng)。從一開(kāi)始,天津大學(xué)的發(fā)展需要超過(guò)16個(gè)CPU為基礎(chǔ)的微機(jī)線路保護(hù),在1988年

55、即開(kāi)始研究以32位數(shù)字信號(hào)處理器(DSP)為基礎(chǔ)的保護(hù),控制,調(diào)查一體化微機(jī)裝置,目前在珠海自動(dòng)化設(shè)備公司合作開(kāi)發(fā)的一種功能齊全的32個(gè)大模塊,一個(gè)模塊是小型機(jī)。使用32微型芯片,只專(zhuān)注沒(méi)有精度的手段,因?yàn)榫鹊腁/D轉(zhuǎn)換分辨率的限制,超過(guò)時(shí)間16所有被接受的轉(zhuǎn)化率和成本方面的困難; 32個(gè)微型芯片有很更重要的、非常高的工作頻率和計(jì)算速度,高集成度非常大的尋址空間,豐富的指揮系統(tǒng)和許多輸入插座。 CPU寄存器,數(shù)據(jù)總線,地址總線都是32

56、位,具有內(nèi)存管理功能,存儲(chǔ)器保護(hù)功能和責(zé)任的轉(zhuǎn)換功能,(緩存)和浮點(diǎn)數(shù)部件都集成在CPU的高速緩存。</p><p>  在電力系統(tǒng)微機(jī)保護(hù)的要求不斷提高的情況下,除了保護(hù)的基本功能,還應(yīng)該有與其他大容量故障信息和數(shù)據(jù)的長(zhǎng)期存儲(chǔ)空間,快速的數(shù)據(jù)處理功能,強(qiáng)大的通信能力,保護(hù),控制裝置和調(diào)度通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)分享整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù),信息和網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源的能力,高階語(yǔ)言編程等。這就要求微機(jī)保護(hù)裝置相當(dāng)于一臺(tái)PC機(jī)的功能。在計(jì)算機(jī)保護(hù)發(fā)展

57、初期,曾經(jīng)設(shè)想與小型機(jī)的繼電保護(hù)裝置。當(dāng)時(shí)因?yàn)轶w積大,成本高,可靠性差,這個(gè)設(shè)想是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的?,F(xiàn)在,隨著微機(jī)保護(hù)裝置大小相似的工控機(jī)的功能,速度快,存儲(chǔ)容量大大超過(guò)了同年的小機(jī)器,因此,提出了一套完整的工控機(jī)的機(jī)會(huì)已經(jīng)成熟的繼電保護(hù),這將是其中微機(jī)保護(hù)的發(fā)展方向之一。天津大學(xué)已開(kāi)發(fā)的繼電保護(hù)裝置,程永通微機(jī)保護(hù)裝置結(jié)構(gòu)完全相同不低于工控機(jī)執(zhí)行,以改變?nèi)藶榈刈兂?。這種設(shè)備的優(yōu)點(diǎn)包括:具有的486PC機(jī)功能齊全,能夠滿(mǎn)足各種功能要求,這將保護(hù)

58、當(dāng)前和未來(lái)微機(jī)。規(guī)模和結(jié)構(gòu)與目前的微機(jī)保護(hù)裝置相似,工藝精良,具有防震,防電磁干擾能力,可移動(dòng),在非常嚴(yán)重的工作條件下,成本可以接受。使用的STD主線或PC主線,硬件調(diào)制,可以選擇不同的模塊,對(duì)于不同的保護(hù),配置靈活,易于擴(kuò)展。</p><p>  繼電保護(hù)裝置,計(jì)算機(jī)化是不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。如何,但以滿(mǎn)足電力系統(tǒng)的要求,如何進(jìn)一步提高繼電保護(hù)的可靠性,如何獲得更大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益,還必須進(jìn)行專(zhuān)門(mén)的深入研究。

59、</p><p><b>  2.2網(wǎng)絡(luò)化</b></p><p>  計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)已經(jīng)成為信息時(shí)代的信息和數(shù)據(jù)通信工具的技術(shù)支柱,導(dǎo)致了人類(lèi)的生產(chǎn)和社會(huì)生活中出現(xiàn)了徹底改變。它深刻地影響每一個(gè)行業(yè)領(lǐng)域,每個(gè)行業(yè)領(lǐng)域也提供了強(qiáng)大的通信手段。到目前為止,除了差動(dòng)保護(hù)和垂直關(guān)聯(lián)保護(hù),所有的繼電器保護(hù)裝置不僅可以響應(yīng)保護(hù)裝置的地方電力的精神。繼電器的保護(hù)功能也只限于切除故障部

60、分,減少事故的影響范圍。這主要是因?yàn)槿狈?qiáng)大的數(shù)據(jù)通信方式。國(guó)外已經(jīng)提出系統(tǒng)保護(hù)的概念,這在當(dāng)時(shí)主要是指安全、自動(dòng)裝置。因?yàn)槔^電器的保護(hù)功能不僅限于切除故障部分,并限制事故影響的范圍(這是最重要的任務(wù)),但也必須保證整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的安全穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行。這就要求每個(gè)保護(hù)單元都能夠分享到整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行和故障信息的數(shù)據(jù),每個(gè)保護(hù)單元能夠在分析這些信息和數(shù)據(jù)的基礎(chǔ)上同步動(dòng)作疊加制動(dòng)齒輪,保證系統(tǒng)的安全穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行。顯然,實(shí)現(xiàn)這種系統(tǒng)保護(hù)的基本條件是加入整個(gè)系統(tǒng)

61、的每個(gè)主設(shè)備保護(hù)裝置,是實(shí)現(xiàn)微機(jī)保護(hù)裝置聯(lián)網(wǎng)的計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。目前的技術(shù)條件下,這是完全可能的。</p><p>  對(duì)于一般的非系統(tǒng)保護(hù),實(shí)現(xiàn)保護(hù)裝置的計(jì)算機(jī)聯(lián)網(wǎng)也有很大的優(yōu)勢(shì)。繼電保護(hù)設(shè)備可以獲取系統(tǒng)故障的詳細(xì)信息,然后到崩潰的性質(zhì),更準(zhǔn)確的故障位置判斷和故障距離檢測(cè)。通過(guò)自適應(yīng)保護(hù)原理研究,經(jīng)過(guò)了相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間,終于取得了一定的成績(jī),但也必須認(rèn)識(shí)到,真正保護(hù)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行方式和故障自動(dòng)適應(yīng),必須獲得更多的系統(tǒng)運(yùn)動(dòng)

62、和故障信息,只有實(shí)現(xiàn)保護(hù)計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò),才可以實(shí)現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)。</p><p>  對(duì)于某些保護(hù)裝置實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的功能,還可以提高保護(hù)的可靠性。天津大學(xué)在1993年根據(jù)在未來(lái)的三峽水電站500kV超高壓多回線路母線分布式母線保護(hù)的原則之上,提出這樣的看法,這種設(shè)備最終研制成功。其原理是分散傳統(tǒng)的中央母線保護(hù)的若干(與保護(hù)母線返回方式相同)母線保護(hù)單元,分散的裝在位于各回路保護(hù)屏上,每個(gè)保護(hù)單元與計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)相聯(lián)接,每個(gè)保

63、護(hù)單元只輸入本回路的電流后,把它轉(zhuǎn)換成的數(shù)字量,通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳送給其它所有回路保護(hù)單元,每個(gè)保護(hù)單元根據(jù)本回路的電流和其它所有回路的電流從計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)獲取信息,進(jìn)行母線差動(dòng)保護(hù)的計(jì)算,如果計(jì)算結(jié)果證明是母線內(nèi)部故障,那么只跳開(kāi)本回路的斷路器,故障母線被隔離。當(dāng)母線區(qū)域細(xì)分,每個(gè)保護(hù)單元都計(jì)算為外部故障不采取動(dòng)作。這種與計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)相結(jié)合的分布式母線保護(hù)的原則,比傳統(tǒng)的中央母線保護(hù)原則具有更高的可靠性,功能更加完善。因?yàn)槿绻Wo(hù)單元接收的干

64、擾或計(jì)算錯(cuò)誤移動(dòng)時(shí),只能跳開(kāi)返回路線中的斷路器,不能導(dǎo)致母線整個(gè)的惡性事故而切除,根據(jù)三峽電源廠,以有“超高壓母線系統(tǒng)中的關(guān)鍵地位,在功能上是極為重要的。</p><p>  由上述可以知道,微機(jī)保護(hù)裝置,可大大提高保護(hù)性能和可靠性,這將是微機(jī)保護(hù)發(fā)展的必然趨勢(shì)。</p><p>  2.3保護(hù),控制,調(diào)查,數(shù)據(jù)通信集成一體化</p><p>  在實(shí)現(xiàn)繼電器的情況

65、下,電腦的保護(hù),保護(hù)裝置實(shí)際上是一種高性能,多用途的電腦,在整個(gè)電力系統(tǒng)計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的智能終端,通過(guò)網(wǎng)上的任何信息和數(shù)據(jù),它就可能獲得電力系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行和故障信息數(shù)據(jù),也可能獲得任何信息和數(shù)據(jù)傳輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制中心或無(wú)論任何終端保護(hù)的一部分。因此,每個(gè)微機(jī)保護(hù)裝置不僅可完成繼電保護(hù)的功能,而且在不擊穿正常運(yùn)行的情況下也有可能完成調(diào)查,控制,數(shù)據(jù)通信功能,能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)保護(hù),控制,調(diào)查顯示,數(shù)據(jù)通信一體化。</p><p>  目前,

66、為了調(diào)查,保護(hù)和控制的需要,室外變電站的所有設(shè)備,如變壓器,二次電壓線等,所有的電流必須使用直接的控制電纜。規(guī)定了大量的控制電纜不僅需要大量投資,而且還會(huì)使二次回路更加復(fù)雜。但如果上述的保護(hù),控制,調(diào)查,數(shù)據(jù)通信一體化在計(jì)算機(jī)上安裝,將保護(hù)裝置安裝在室外變電站附近,由保護(hù)裝置把電壓,電流變?yōu)閿?shù)字量后,將提供給計(jì)算機(jī),通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行傳輸,則可能避免大量的控制電纜。如果采用光纖傳輸介質(zhì)的網(wǎng)絡(luò),也可以避免電磁干擾。現(xiàn)在的光電電流互感器(OTA)

67、和光電壓互感器(OTV)正在研究試驗(yàn)階段,將來(lái)必然在電力系統(tǒng)中得到廣泛的應(yīng)用。在使用OTA和OTV情況時(shí),保護(hù)裝置應(yīng)放在距離OTA和OTV最近的地方,那是應(yīng)該在保護(hù)裝置附近放置。 通過(guò)OTA和OTV之后,在這個(gè)一體化裝置中輸入的信號(hào),轉(zhuǎn)換成電信號(hào),一方面作為保護(hù)的計(jì)算判斷信息數(shù)據(jù);另一方面作為調(diào)查的數(shù)量,通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)來(lái)提供。可以通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)提供保護(hù)裝置的操作控制命令,通過(guò)這一綜合裝置,進(jìn)行斷路器操作和判斷。天津大學(xué)在1992年提出的保護(hù),控制,

68、調(diào)查,通信一體化問(wèn)題,并已開(kāi)發(fā)TMS320C25數(shù)字信號(hào)處理器(DSP)為基礎(chǔ)的保護(hù),控制,調(diào)查,數(shù)據(jù)通信一體化裝</p><p><b>  2.4 智能化</b></p><p>  近年來(lái),人工智能技術(shù)如神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò),遺傳算法,進(jìn)化規(guī)劃,模糊邏輯等等,在電力系統(tǒng)中的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域都得到了廣泛應(yīng)用,也開(kāi)始在繼電保護(hù)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用進(jìn)行研究。神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)是一種非線性映射的方式,很多種復(fù)

69、雜的帶有困難方程的或很難解決的非線性問(wèn)題,如果應(yīng)用神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)側(cè)的原則,可迎刃而解。對(duì)于展品的情況,例如雙方在傳輸線系統(tǒng)電勢(shì)的角度發(fā)生后的過(guò)渡電阻短路是一種非線性的問(wèn)題,很難判斷出正確的故障位置,根據(jù)保護(hù)的原則,從而造成移動(dòng)錯(cuò)誤或拒動(dòng);如果采用神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的方法后,通過(guò)大量的故障樣本檢測(cè),只要樣本集中充分考慮各種情況,然后在休息停機(jī)時(shí)間,任何所有可能就會(huì)正確區(qū)分。其他如遺傳算法,進(jìn)化規(guī)劃等也都具有其獨(dú)特的解決復(fù)雜問(wèn)題的能力。這些人工智能方法,可

70、能會(huì)加快導(dǎo)致解決方案的速度。天津大學(xué)進(jìn)行的神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)型繼電保護(hù)從1996年開(kāi)始研究,已經(jīng)取得了初步的成果??梢灶A(yù)測(cè),人工智能技術(shù),必然是能夠獲得在繼電保護(hù)領(lǐng)域上的廣泛應(yīng)用,因?yàn)榻鉀Q了用常規(guī)方法難以解決的問(wèn)題。</p><p><b>  3結(jié)論</b></p><p>  建國(guó)以來(lái),中國(guó)的電力系統(tǒng)保護(hù)技術(shù)已經(jīng)歷了四個(gè)階段。隨著電力系統(tǒng)和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù),通信技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展,繼

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