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1、<p>  淺析中國教育行業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀</p><p>  一、中國教育行業(yè)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r綜述</p><p><b>  1.行業(yè)發(fā)展環(huán)境</b></p><p>  改革開放以來,中國基礎(chǔ)教育發(fā)展較快,學(xué)校數(shù)、在校生數(shù)及生師比較為合理,專任教師學(xué)歷合格比例得到較大提升。男女童凈入學(xué)率達到99%以上,女童入學(xué)率甚至高于男童0.04個百分點。

2、義務(wù)教育階段專任教師學(xué)歷合格率得到提升,小學(xué)為98.87%,初中為96.34%。生師比進一步合理化,小學(xué)為19.17∶1,初中為17.15∶1。高中階段毛入學(xué)率在2006年達到59.8%。普通高中生師比18.13∶1,專任教師學(xué)歷合格率達到86.46%。但仍存在著以下需要改進完善的方面。1、義務(wù)教育普及水平不斷提高,但每年都有大量兒童無法完成義務(wù)教育。2、中等職業(yè)技術(shù)教育有所發(fā)展,但中等教育結(jié)構(gòu)仍不合理。3、辦學(xué)條件有所改善,但仍存在較

3、大的地區(qū)差異、城鄉(xiāng)差異和校際差異。4、教師隊伍建設(shè)成效明顯,但隊伍配置差異過大,教師待遇存在著地區(qū)、城鄉(xiāng)差異,不利于經(jīng)濟落后地區(qū)尤其是農(nóng)村地區(qū)的教師安心工作。5、政府經(jīng)費投入逐年增加,但投入總量仍顯不足,且地區(qū)差異較大。2005年國家財政性教育經(jīng)費為5161.08億元,占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比例為2.82%。6、新一輪基礎(chǔ)教育課程改革在全國范圍內(nèi)迅速普及;但是課改也有表面化、形式化、理想化等</p><p>  職業(yè)教育

4、的發(fā)展和改革取得了重大突破。堅持“以服務(wù)為宗旨、以就業(yè)為導(dǎo)向”,職業(yè)教育持續(xù)快速發(fā)展。2005年、2006年,中等職業(yè)學(xué)校連續(xù)兩年分別擴招100萬人,2007年再擴大招生50萬人,當(dāng)年招生規(guī)模達到801萬人,占整個高中階段教育的半壁江山。高等職業(yè)教育又好又快發(fā)展,培養(yǎng)了大批現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)需要的高技能人才。職業(yè)教育招生達到1100萬人,在校生數(shù)超過3000萬人,實現(xiàn)了教育結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的戰(zhàn)略意圖,不僅推動了經(jīng)濟發(fā)展,也為促進就業(yè)和社會和諧作出了貢獻

5、。</p><p>  2、教育行業(yè)宏觀環(huán)境和微觀環(huán)境</p><p>  2008年,美國次貸危機引發(fā)的全球金融危機不斷發(fā)展,加之國內(nèi)突發(fā)自然災(zāi)害,對中國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展產(chǎn)生不利影響。本文對國民經(jīng)濟主要指標(biāo)分別進行了預(yù)測,得出宏觀形勢上的判斷:2008年我國國民經(jīng)濟增長速度將有所放緩,2009年GDP增長率雖然將繼續(xù)有所回落,但仍有望保持9.3%左右的較快增長。在新形勢下要把促進經(jīng)濟平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展

6、作為當(dāng)前宏觀調(diào)控的重點,并要抓住機遇轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式。要實施適度擴張的財政政策和靈活審慎的貨幣政策,減緩和抵御外部沖擊造成的不利影響,積極擴大內(nèi)需,促進經(jīng)濟平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展。</p><p>  從世界性經(jīng)濟增速放緩的趨勢看,2009年發(fā)達國家和發(fā)展中國的經(jīng)濟受金融風(fēng)暴沖擊,都難以走出低迷。2009年,宏觀經(jīng)濟面臨的國內(nèi)外環(huán)境將更加趨緊,尤其是內(nèi)部經(jīng)濟內(nèi)生性變化帶來的周期性調(diào)整壓力可能會明顯大于08年。世界經(jīng)濟增長周

7、期性變化和國內(nèi)周期性因素相疊加,增大了09年經(jīng)濟進一步向下調(diào)整的壓力。但是,我國經(jīng)濟長期增長的內(nèi)在條件沒有改變,加上各項宏觀調(diào)控政策的效果開始逐步顯現(xiàn),09年經(jīng)濟繼續(xù)向下調(diào)整的幅度可能會小于08年。初步預(yù)計2009年我國GDP增長將不高于9%。</p><p>  二、中國教育行業(yè)投入情況</p><p>  國家經(jīng)過多年的一系列措施教育投入,中國既看到了成績同時又看到了不足,在此中國憧憬

8、“十一五”時期的教育事業(yè)將得到更進一步的發(fā)展。第一,在義務(wù)教育方面,中央和地方政府將新增教育經(jīng)費主要用于農(nóng)村,采取了一系列重大措施加大對農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育的投入:一是實施“西部地區(qū)兩基攻堅計劃”、“農(nóng)村中小學(xué)現(xiàn)代遠程教育工程”、“國家貧困地區(qū)義務(wù)教育工程”、“農(nóng)村中小學(xué)危房改造工程”,極大地改善了農(nóng)村中小學(xué)的辦學(xué)條件,加快了西部地區(qū)“兩基”攻堅的步伐。二是免除農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育階段學(xué)生的學(xué)雜費,對貧困家庭學(xué)生免費提供教科書和補助寄宿生生活費。這項政

9、策惠及了一億五千萬的農(nóng)村學(xué)生。僅免除學(xué)雜費一項,平均每個小學(xué)生家庭年減負140-180元,初中生家庭年減負180-230元。三是把農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育全面納入國家財政保障范圍,政府承擔(dān)起義務(wù)教育的全面責(zé)任,這是中國教育發(fā)展史上的一個重要里程碑。預(yù)計“十一五”時期中央和地方政府用于農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費保障機制改革的資金將達2182億元。第二,在職業(yè)教育方面,“十一五”時期,中央將投入100億元支持職業(yè)教育基礎(chǔ)能力建設(shè)。第三,在高等教育方面,“十一五”

10、時期,在繼續(xù)實施“985”工程和“211</p><p>  2008年國家不斷加大對教育的投入,其中60%的資金用在了基礎(chǔ)教育。2008年政府工作報告指出,08年中央財政用于教育的投入,將由去年的1076億元增加到1562億元;地方財政也都要增加投入。堅持優(yōu)先發(fā)展教育,在全國城鄉(xiāng)普遍實行免費義務(wù)教育。繼續(xù)增加農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育公用經(jīng)費,提高保障水平。適當(dāng)提高農(nóng)村家庭經(jīng)濟困難寄宿生生活費補助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。認(rèn)真落實保障經(jīng)濟困難家

11、庭、進城務(wù)工人員子女平等接受義務(wù)教育的措施。在試點基礎(chǔ)上,從今年秋季起全面免除城市義務(wù)教育學(xué)雜費,這是推動義務(wù)教育均衡發(fā)展、促進教育公平的又一重大舉措。</p><p>  “科教興國”是保證中國能夠長期、穩(wěn)定、高速發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略國策,教育信息化是達成該戰(zhàn)略國策的重要手段之一,在我國相對發(fā)達及中等發(fā)達地區(qū),高等教育的網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)已接近完成,不少高等院校已開始對其校園網(wǎng)絡(luò)進行改造升級。在我國東部、南部較為發(fā)達地區(qū),基礎(chǔ)教育

12、網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)已達到相當(dāng)規(guī)模。在其他教育領(lǐng)域,如職業(yè)教育、師范教育、成人教育及終身繼續(xù)教育等,網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息化建設(shè)也在不斷推進之中。教育行業(yè)用戶的需求是最豐富的,教研、教學(xué)、教師辦公等教育行業(yè)應(yīng)用涉及了眾多應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域和方面,因此,豐富、廣泛的應(yīng)用需求尤其需要高可信任的產(chǎn)品來支持,滿足高性能計算、多媒體、多種教學(xué)與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)、數(shù)據(jù)庫管理等各個應(yīng)用方面的要求。</p><p>  三、經(jīng)濟危機下教育的發(fā)展趨勢和教育設(shè)備采購情況&l

13、t;/p><p>  “科教興國”是保證中國能夠長期、穩(wěn)定、高速發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略國策,教育信息化是達成該戰(zhàn)略國策的重要手段之一,在中國相對發(fā)達及中等發(fā)達地區(qū),高等教育的網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)已接近完成,不少高等院校已開始對其校園網(wǎng)絡(luò)進行改造升級。在中國東部、南部較為發(fā)達地區(qū),基礎(chǔ)教育網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)已達到相當(dāng)規(guī)模。在其他教育領(lǐng)域,如職業(yè)教育、師范教育、成人教育及終身繼續(xù)教育等,網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息化建設(shè)也在不斷推進之中。教育行業(yè)用戶的需求是最豐富的,教研、

14、教學(xué)、教師辦公等教育行業(yè)應(yīng)用涉及了眾多應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域和方面,因此,豐富、廣泛的應(yīng)用需求尤其需要高可信任的產(chǎn)品來支持,滿足高性能計算、多媒體、多種教學(xué)與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)、數(shù)據(jù)庫管理等各個應(yīng)用方面的要求。</p><p>  為了教育行業(yè)的企業(yè)能深入了解教育行業(yè)用戶的需求,也為了教育行業(yè)用戶能選購到更優(yōu)質(zhì)的產(chǎn)品,慧聰教育行業(yè)研究對教育行業(yè)用戶進行了問卷調(diào)查,在消除個體用戶差異性的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合教育行業(yè)的具體情況,對教育行業(yè)用戶的購

15、買行為進行綜合分析。</p><p>  加快政策導(dǎo)向性無疑是國內(nèi)教育采購市場最鮮明的特點。從上世紀(jì)90年代中后期開始,伴隨著“十五”、“十一五”計劃的相繼啟動,“211工程”、全國性高教擴招、本科院校教育評估、校校通工程、農(nóng)村中小學(xué)現(xiàn)代遠程教育工程、職教發(fā)展計劃等陸續(xù)出臺的國家教育政策,為教育市場持續(xù)注入著強勁的活力,并強有力地主導(dǎo)著整個教育信息化市場的發(fā)展方向。同樣,2007年,隨著政策側(cè)重點的轉(zhuǎn)移和變化,教

16、育信息化市場的熱點也在發(fā)生劇烈的遷移。但由于教育產(chǎn)業(yè)的特殊性,當(dāng)前和今后相當(dāng)長的歷史時期內(nèi),隨著社會和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展對勞動者素質(zhì)的要求越來越高,教育產(chǎn)業(yè)市場也有著日趨擴大態(tài)勢。</p><p>  教育的跨越式發(fā)展需要高額資金的投入,僅僅依靠國家對教育行業(yè)的投資已經(jīng)不能解決問題。特別是在教育信息化的浪潮來臨之際,因地制宜的各種融資租賃模式的出現(xiàn)使諸多學(xué)校的資金窘境得到了有效的緩解。近年來,教育領(lǐng)域的融資租賃發(fā)展非常迅速

17、。其中典型的模式是IT設(shè)備租賃服務(wù),此種在國外發(fā)達國家中大行其道的服務(wù)由IBM、HP等大型IT廠商引入中國,并為國內(nèi)聯(lián)想、TCL等企業(yè)所借鑒。</p><p><b>  總結(jié):</b></p><p>  展望2009年,國際經(jīng)濟環(huán)境更趨嚴(yán)峻,國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展面臨著周期性調(diào)整和結(jié)構(gòu)性調(diào)整雙重壓力。要保持我國的強勁發(fā)展活力,增強抵御國際風(fēng)險的能力,需要做出更加艱苦的努力。

18、中國國務(wù)院總理溫家寶指出,要辦好各級各類教育,必須抓好三項工作:一要全面實施素質(zhì)教育,推進教育改革創(chuàng)新。深化教學(xué)內(nèi)容和方式、考試和招生制度、質(zhì)量評價制度等改革。切實減輕中小學(xué)生的課業(yè)負擔(dān)。二要加強教師隊伍特別是農(nóng)村教師隊伍建設(shè),完善和落實教師工資、津補貼制度。三要加大教育事業(yè)投入。進一步規(guī)范教育收費。鼓勵和規(guī)范民辦教育發(fā)展。沒有全民教育的普及和提高,便沒有國家現(xiàn)代化的未來。要讓孩子們上好學(xué),辦好人民滿意的教育,提高全民族的素質(zhì)。加強對教

19、育發(fā)展和改革重大問題的科學(xué)研究,是教育決策科學(xué)化、民主化的客觀要求,也是教育科學(xué)研究特別是宏觀教育研究的緊迫任務(wù)。隨著我國教育事業(yè)改革與發(fā)展,宏觀教育研究正在得到各級黨政部門的重視,得到教育界和社會各界越來越多的關(guān)注。</p><p><b>  外文文獻原文 </b></p><p>  Foreign literature textual </p>

20、<p>  China's education industry development shallow status quo</p><p>  A Chinese education industry development condition, were reviewed</p><p>  1. Industry development environment&l

21、t;/p><p>  Since the reform and opening up, China's basic education is developing fast, school number, number of students and teachers and students, full-time teachers for reasonable comparison in proportio

22、n to get bigger ascent. Qualified Net enrollment rate reached 99% specialize, schoolgirls is even higher than boys 0.04 percentage points. Compulsory education phase qualified full-time teachers get a raise, in elementar

23、y school, junior high school for 96.34% 98.87% for. Student/teacher ratio for further</p><p>  Vocational education development and reform has made a major breakthrough. Adhere to the "service for the p

24、urpose, the employment as the guidance," vocational education continued rapid development. In 2005 and 2006, secondary vocational school enrollment 100 million respectively for two consecutive years in 2007, enlarge

25、d enrollment 500,000 people again, when the enrollment scale 801 million, of the whole to the high school stage education barcap status. Higher vocational education, nice and fas</p><p>  2, the education in

26、dustry macro environment and microcosmic environments</p><p>  In 2008, the U.S. subprime mortgage crisis in global financial crisis caused by the unceasing development, and domestic sudden natural disasters

27、 in China, produce unfavorable effects on economic growth. This paper main index, national economy is forecasted, and the judgment that macro situation in China: the 2008 national economic growth rate will be eased, 2009

28、 GDP growth although will continue falling, but still is expected to remain 9.3 per cent or so fast growth. In the new situation, we mus</p><p>  From the global economic slowdown in the trend, 2009 develope

29、d countries and development of China's economic impact by financial turmoil, hard out of recession. 2009, macro economic environment will face more at home and abroad, especially the internal economic tightening of e

30、ndogenous changes periodically adjustment pressure may be significantly greater than in 2008. The growth of the world economy periodicity changes and domestic cyclical factors are aliased, increased the 2009 economic fur

31、the</p><p>  Second, China education industry devoted circumstance</p><p>  Countries after years of a series of measures to education investment, China can see the results also saw is insuffici

32、ent, in this Chinese longings of the "eleventh five-year plan" period education career will get further development. First, the education, the obligation of the central and local governments will add education

33、expenditure is mainly used in the countryside, adopted a series of important measures of rural compulsory education increase input: one is the implementation of "western ar</p><p>  The 2008 national ed

34、ucation investment increasing to, 60% of the funds used in the foundation education. In 2008 the government work report, the central finance in 2008 for education investment, by last year's will increase 1076 billion

35、 yuan to 156.2 billion yuan; Local governments will also increase funding. Insist on education, at a national priority to the development of urban and rural free obligation education universally practised. Continue to in

36、crease rural compulsory education public fun</p><p>  "Rejuvenating" is pledged that China can long-term, stability, high speed development of strategic policy, education informatization is the str

37、ategic policy reached one of the important methods in China's relatively developed, moderately developed regions, and the higher education network construction has nearly complete, many universities have begun to the

38、 campus network for upgrading. In China's eastern, southern more developed regions based education network construction, has reached a fairly</p><p>  Third, under the economic crisis education and the d

39、evelopment trend of education equipment purchasing situation</p><p>  "Rejuvenating" is pledged that China can long-term, stability, high speed development of strategic policy, education informatiz

40、ation is the strategic policy reached one of the important means, in China's relatively developed moderately developed regions, and higher education network construction has nearly complete, many universities have be

41、gun to the campus network for upgrading. In China Eastern, southern relatively developed regions based education network construction, has reached a fairly l</p><p>  In order to education industry enterpris

42、es education industry can understanding the needs of users, but also for education industry users can choose and buy more high-quality product, education industry research for education hc360.com industry users in a ques

43、tionnaire survey, the individual users to eliminate differences based on education industry, combining with the specific conditions of education, industry users buying behavior analysis.</p><p>  Speed up do

44、mestic education policy directed is undoubtedly the most distinct characteristics of purchasing market. From the late 1990s began, with "15", "11th five-year" plan subsequently startup, "211 proj

45、ect", national higher education evaluation, universities and colleges of undergraduate course enrollment, officer officer is connected engineering, modern distance education project elementary and secondary schools

46、in rural areas, vocational education development plan of countries such as educ</p><p>  Education great-leap-forward development need high capital investment, only to depend on the state of education indust

47、ry investment has not solve the problem. Especially in education informatization tide approaching, according to various financing lease mode emerges that many school funds had been effectively relieve dilemma. In recent

48、years, the financing lease of education field developing very quickly. One typical pattern is IT equipment rental service, this in the developed countries abroad </p><p>  Conclusion:</p><p>  L

49、ooking to 2009, the international economic environment more hasten is severe, the domestic economic development faces periodic adjustments and structural adjustment double pressure. To keep our country strong development

50、 vigor, strengthens the ability of resisting international risks, need to make more hard effort. Chinese premier wen jiabao said, want to do good education of various levels, we must focus on the following three tasks ed

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