電子專業(yè)外文翻譯3

1、<p>　　A TRANSLATING</p><p>　　There can be no doubt that the 1900s is remembered as the electronic century.Of course there have been other great advances,in medicine,intransport,inscience,in commerce,and

2、 many other fields,but where would they have been without the instruments and devices that electronics has provided? How would you see a 3D virtual image of your beating heart with no electronics? How would you get money

3、 out of the bank on a Sunday night without electronics? Would you go to a pop concert that had no amplifier</p><p>　　you would rather watch TV-there would not be any.</p><p>　　Electronics in the

4、 only 20th century started thriving at a greater speed unlike the per-20th century developments.The radio invented by the Italian genius Marconi and the work of Henry Hertz opened the road to further discoveries and inve

5、ntions.The vacuum tubes at that time worked as a miraculous component for the radio devices.</p><p>　　The invention of the television was a miraculous thing for the mankind.It was revolution in both communic

6、ation technology and also for the world media.The distances between the continents did not seem to be far enough.The credit goes to the British engineer John Logic Baird who followed the footprints of Marconi and tried t

7、o send the images in the same way as the speech.After a long experiment he found that a series of static pictures if sent within a small interval of time in between them,seem </p><p>　　The real electronics w

8、hat it is called today was actually started after the discovery of the transistor effect.Transistor opened the road for the electronics and more importantly it opened the road for the computing world.Computers of various

9、 types started hitting the market and the research works got a boost.</p><p>　　Some other problems were also there like the assembling of the electronic components on a single mother board.Jack Kilby in Texa

10、s Instruments found a very nice solution.He suggested to throw away all the wires and tried to connect the resistors,capacitors and transistors on the same piece of wafer internally.Surprisingly his ideas worked and gave

11、 birth to the integrated circuit industries.</p><p>　　As a students majoring in the electronic technology,you will study many courses such as:</p><p>　　1.Direct Current Circuits & Alternatin

12、g Current circuits</p><p>　　This course covers the fundamental theory of passive devices (resistors,capacitor and inductor) and electrical networks supplied by a DC source,and then an introduction to the eff

13、ects of alternating voltage and current in passive electrical circuits in given.This module also covers DC machines,three phase machines and transformers.</p><p>　　2.Analog Electronics</p><p>　　

14、This module introduces the characteristics of semiconductor devices in a range of linear applications and electronic circuits consisting of these devices.The following specific topics are covered.Semiconductor diodes: PN

15、 junction diodes,special purpose diodes; Transistors:field effect and bipolar transistors; Signal amplifiers: practical amplifiers, biasing circuioperational amplifiers circuit; Other circuits: rectification, regulatio

16、n and DC power supplies.</p><p>　　3.Digital Electronics</p><p>　　In this unit the following topics are covered: basic concepts about Logic circuit,number representations,combinatorial logic circ

17、uits,sequential logic circuits,introduction to CMOS digital circuits, logic operations theorems and Boolean algebra,number operations(binary,hex and integers), combinatorial logic analysissynthesis,sequentiallogicanalysi

18、sand synthesis,registers,counters,bus systems,CAD tools for logic design.</p><p>　　4.Microcontroller Systems</p><p>　　The use of computers and microcontrollers is now found in every field of the

19、 electronics industry.This use will continue to grow at a rapid pace as computers become more complex and powerful.The ability to program these devices will make a student an invaluable asset to the growing electronic in

20、dustry.This module enables the student to program a simple microcontroller to perform typical industrial tasks.Assembler and C are used to program the MPU(Microprocessor Unit).The student will set up the </p><

21、p>　　5.Computer Programming for Engineering Applications</p><p>　　It is a continuation of more advanced programming techniques.The language of C will be used for teaching purposes.Emphasis is towards the u

22、se of programming for engineering applications and problem solving.</p><p>　　The electronic technology will provide a sound educational foundation to enable graduates to follow a career in:electrical enginee

23、ring;power and control engineering;electronics;computer engineering;telecommunications engineering etc.</p><p>　　M0re Courses</p><p>　　1.Signals and Systems</p><p>　　This unit aims

24、to teach some of the basic properties of many engineering signals and systems and the necessary mathematical tools that aid in this process.The particular emphasis is on the time and frequency domain modeling of linear t

25、ime invariant systems.The concepts learnt in this unit will be heavily used in many units of study(in later years)in the areas of communication,control,power systems and signal processing.A basic knowledge of differentia

26、tion and integration,differential equations,a</p><p>　　The following topics are covered.Continuous-time signals:classification and properties; Basic properties of systems:linearity,time-invariance, causality

27、 and stability.Linear time-invariant(LTI) systems: characterization by differential equations(including state space formulation),and the convolution integral.Fourier series and Fourier Transform:definition, properties,f

28、requency response and analysis of LTI systems based on Fourier transform,sampling,correlation and power spectral density;Laplace</p><p>　　2.Circuit Theory and Design</p><p>　　This unit of study

29、assumes a basic knowledge of elementary circuit theory and operational amplifiers provided by earlier units.One aim of the unit is to enhance understanding of key aspects of the theory electric circuits.The main goal,how

30、ever,is to equip students with the specialist knowledge to design active analog filters,to have an understanding of passive network design and to be in a good position to undertake further self study as required.</p&g

31、t;<p>　　The specific topics covered include the following:Fundamental concepts in circuit theory:network functions,characteristic frequencies;Types of filter:lowpass,bandpass etc.Review of operational amplifiers:d

32、esign of first and second order filters using operational amplifiers.Cascade design.Filter characteristics:Butterworth,Chebyshev,frequency transformations in design, sensitivity design of passive LC ladder filters,a brie

33、f introduction to switched capacitor filters.</p><p>　　3.Control Theory</p><p>　　This unit is concerned with the application of feedback control to continues-time,linear time-invariant systems.T

34、he emphasis is on fundamental theory rather than applications.Some background in linear systems theory and the Laplace transform is assumed.The prime aim of this unit of study is to develop a sound understanding of basic

35、s and a capacity for research and inquiry.Completion of the unit will facilitate progression to advanced study in the area and to work in industrial control.</p><p>　　The following topics are covered.History

36、 of control:Modeling of physical processes,state variables and differential equations,dynamic response,review of Laplace transform,transfer functions and block diagrams,poles and zeroes; Design specifications in the time

37、 domain:basic feedback principles,effect of feedback on sensitivity and disturbance rejection,steady state accuracy and stability,the Routh criterion,proportional integral and derivative control; Design using the root lo

38、cus:rules for sketch</p><p>　　4.Communications Electronics and photonics</p><p>　　This unit of study provides an introduction to the modeling and design of transmitters and receivers for electro

39、nic and optical communication subsystems.Students are expected to have a grasp of basic concepts related to electronics and circuits.</p><p>　　The following topics are covered: Electronic oscillators: RC,LC,

40、crystal oscillators,tuned electronic amplifiers,frequency selectivity,feedback amplifiers;Electronic modulation and demodulation circuits: amplitude, frequency and phase modulation and demodulation,phase locked lo

41、ops; Electronic mixers:high frequency,RF and microwave communication amplifiers; Photonic devices and models:semiconductor optical properties,semiconductor lasers and light emitting diodes,laser modes,output spectra,<

42、/p><p>　　5.Power Electronic and Drivers</p><p>　　This unit of study is concerned with the operating principles of DC machines and DC power control techniques with particular reference to DC machine

43、 drives.A background in basic electrical and magnetic circuit theory is assumed.Completion of this unit will facilitate progression to advanced study or work in electrical power engineering. 360畢業(yè)設計網(wǎng) www.bysj360.com</

44、p><p>　　The following topics are covered.Electrical characteristics of separately excited,series,shunt and compound generators,voltage control of generators,electrical characteristics of separately excited,seri

45、es,shunt and compound motors,starting and speed control of DC motors,static switches, diode rectifiers,AC-DC converter,DC-AC switching converters, Buck, Boost and Buck-Boost converters,flyback converters.</p><

46、p><b>　　英語翻譯</b></p><p>　　毫無疑問，20世紀是電子技術的世紀。當然許多其他行業(yè)如醫(yī)藥、交通、科學、商業(yè)等也取得很大進步，但如果沒有電子技術所提供的儀器和設備，這些行業(yè)能取得這么大的進步嗎？沒有電子技術，你無法看到自己正在跳動的心臟的逼真的三維虛擬圖像；沒有電子技術，你就無法在星期日的晚上從銀行取錢。你愿意去參加一個沒有音響放大器、沒有大屏幕或燈光效果的流行音

47、樂會嗎？不要說你寧愿在家看電視—沒有電子技術也就沒有電視。</p><p>　　與20世紀前不同，在20世紀早期，電子技術開始有了較快的發(fā)展。首先意大利天才馬可尼（Marconi）發(fā)明的無線電和亨利·赫茲（Henry.hertz）的工作為電子技術進一步的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造開辟了道路。在20世紀第一個十年中最受技術世界歡迎的新東西是真空管，在那時真空管是無線電設備中一個奇妙的器件。</p><p

48、>　　對于人類來說，電視的發(fā)明也是一個奇跡。電視帶來了通信技術和世界傳媒的革命。有了電視，洲與洲的距離似乎不再遙遠。電視的發(fā)明應歸功于英國工程師約翰·羅杰克·貝爾德（John Logic Baird），他追隨馬可尼（Marconi）的足跡，想用與傳送聲音相同的方式傳送圖像。經(jīng)過長時間實驗后，他發(fā)現(xiàn)如果以很短的時間間隔發(fā)送一組靜態(tài)的圖片，看起來就像是活動的圖像。</p><p>　　今天所

49、說的電子技術實際上是在發(fā)現(xiàn)晶體管效應以后開始（發(fā)展）的。晶體管為電子技術開辟了道路，更重要的是它為計算機世界開辟了道路。各種類型的計算機開始在市場上出現(xiàn)，研究工作進入一個迅速發(fā)展的時代。</p><p>　　在電子技術發(fā)展過程中還存在其他的問題，如電子器件在一塊主板上的安裝問題。對此德克薩斯儀器公司的杰克·柯比（Jack.Kilby）找到了很好的答案。他提議不用任何導線，把電阻、電容和晶體管在同一片晶片

50、內(nèi)部連接起來，令人不可思議的是他的想法成功了，從此誕生了集成電路工業(yè)。</p><p>　　作為一個電子技術專業(yè)的學生，要學習下列課程。</p><p>　　1.直流電路與交流電路</p><p>　　這門課程包括無源元器件（電阻、電容和電感）的基本理論和用直流電源供電的電路網(wǎng)絡，接著介紹無源電路中的交流電流和交流電壓的作用，這個課程模塊還包括直流電機、三相電機和變

51、壓器。</p><p><b>　　2.模擬電子技術</b></p><p>　　這個課程模塊介紹半導體器件在線性應用范圍中的特征和由這些器件組成的電路，內(nèi)容包括半導體二極管：PN結(jié)二極管、特殊二極管；三極管：場效應三極管、晶體三極管；信號放大電路：實際放大電路、偏置電路、運算放大電路；其他電路：整流、穩(wěn)壓、直流電壓源電路。</p><p>&

52、lt;b>　　3.數(shù)字電子技術</b></p><p>　　這個單元學習以下的內(nèi)容：邏輯電路的基本概念、數(shù)字表示方法、組合邏輯電路、時序邏輯電路、CMOS數(shù)字電路、邏輯運算定律和布爾代數(shù)、數(shù)字運算（二進制、十六進制、整數(shù)）組合邏輯電路的分析與綜合、時序邏輯電路的分析與綜合、寄存器、計數(shù)器、總線系統(tǒng)以及邏輯電路設計中的計算機輔助設計工具（軟件）。</p><p><b

53、>　　4.微處理器系統(tǒng)</b></p><p>　　當前，計算機及微處理器在電子工業(yè)的各個領域中應用十分廣泛，隨著計算機變得更加復雜和功能強大，微處理器的應用將繼續(xù)快速增長。對日益增長的電子工業(yè)來說，一個具有微處理器編程能力的學生將會是無價的人才。這個模塊中安排學生對一個簡單的微處理器進行編程來完成工業(yè)上典型的控制任務。用匯編語言和C語言對微處理器進行編程時，學生將用到一些內(nèi)部的器件如RS232

54、接口、定時器、中斷器件、計數(shù)器、輸入/輸出口、模/數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換器等，將利用這些器件通過編程完成控制（系統(tǒng)）等操作。</p><p>　　5.計算機編程及其在工程中的應用</p><p>　　該課程繼續(xù)學習更高級的編程技術，教學中采用C語言，重點放在如何運用編程技術解決工程應用的實際問題。</p><p>　　電子技術專業(yè)將為畢業(yè)生打下一個牢固的基礎，學生畢業(yè)后可以從事的行

55、業(yè)有：電器工程、電力能源和控制工程、電子技術、計算機工程、通信工程等。</p><p><b>　　更多課程介紹</b></p><p><b>　　1.信號與系統(tǒng)</b></p><p>　　這個單元講解許多工程信號和系統(tǒng)的基本性質(zhì)以及在信號和系統(tǒng)處理中必需的數(shù)學工具，重點放在線性時不變系統(tǒng)的時域和頻域模型上。在這個單元

56、中所學的概念將在以后學習的通信、控制、電力系統(tǒng)和信號處理等領域的許多單元中用到，學習這個單元需要具有微分、積分、微分方程和線性代數(shù)等基礎知識。</p><p>　　主要內(nèi)容包括連續(xù)時間信號：分類及性質(zhì)；系統(tǒng)的基本性質(zhì)：線性、時不變性、因果性和穩(wěn)定性；線性時不變系統(tǒng)：由微分方程（包括狀態(tài)方程）描述的特征和卷積；傅里葉級數(shù)和傅里葉變換：定義、性質(zhì)、頻率響應和基于傅里葉變換的線性時不變系統(tǒng)的分析、采樣、相關性和功率譜密

57、度；拉普拉斯變換：定義、性質(zhì)和基于拉普拉斯變換的線性時不變系統(tǒng)的分析、用拉普拉斯變換求解狀態(tài)方程。</p><p><b>　　2.電路理論和設計</b></p><p>　　這個單元學習之前必須具備由前期課程所提供的基本電路理論和運算放大器知識。本單元的學習目標是增強對電路理論的主要方面的理解。而主要目的是：使學生掌握專業(yè)知識，可以從事有源模擬濾波器的設計，理解無源

58、網(wǎng)絡設計方法，為今后進一步自學打下良好的基礎。</p><p>　　主要包括的內(nèi)容有電路理論的基本概念：網(wǎng)絡函數(shù)、特征頻率；濾波器類型：低通、帶通濾波器等；運算放大器的討論：用運算放大器設計的一級、二級濾波器、電路串聯(lián)（級聯(lián)）設計；幾種典型的濾波器：Butterworth（巴特沃斯）、Chebyshev（契比雪夫）濾波器、設計中的頻率變換、無源LC梯形濾波器的靈敏度設計，并對開關電容濾波器做簡短的介紹。</

59、p><p><b>　　3.控制理論</b></p><p>　　這個單元是講授關于連續(xù)、線性時不變系統(tǒng)的反饋控制的應用，重點是基本的理論而不是應用。這個單元的學習要求學生具有線性系統(tǒng)理論和拉普拉斯變換的基礎。這個單元學習的主要目的是（使學生）在基本理論和進一步研究的能力方面打下一個堅實的基礎，這個單元的學習將促進學生在本領域的進一步學習和今后在工業(yè)控制行業(yè)的工作。<

60、;/p><p>　　主要內(nèi)容包括控制理論的歷史；物理過程的模型化方法：狀態(tài)變量和微分方程、動態(tài)響應、拉普拉斯變換的討論、傳遞函數(shù)和方框圖、極點和零點；時域系統(tǒng)的設計方法：基本反饋原理，反饋對靈敏度、抗干擾性、穩(wěn)態(tài)精度和穩(wěn)定性的影響、Routh（羅斯）判斷準則；比例、積分和微分控制；用根軌跡法設計：根軌跡作圖規(guī)則、超前和滯后補償、模擬控制器和數(shù)字控制器的實現(xiàn)；頻率響應：Nyquist（那奎斯特）穩(wěn)定性判據(jù)、增益裕度和相

61、位裕度、頻域的補償設計；并介紹了單一輸入/輸出系統(tǒng)的狀態(tài)方程設計方法：本征值、零點和傳遞函數(shù)、狀態(tài)變量反饋和計算方法的設計。</p><p>　　4.通信電子學和光學</p><p>　　本單元介紹電子和光學通信子系統(tǒng)的發(fā)射機和接收機的建模和設計方法，（本單元的學習）要求學生已掌握有關電子和電路的基本概念。主要包括的內(nèi)容有：電子振蕩器：RC、LC、晶體振蕩器、調(diào)諧電子放大器、頻率選擇、反饋

62、放大器；電子調(diào)制和解調(diào)電路：幅度、頻率和相位調(diào)制和解調(diào)、鎖相環(huán)；電子混合器：高頻、射頻和微波通信放大器；光學器件和模型：半導體光學性質(zhì)、半導體激光和發(fā)光二極管、激光模態(tài)、輸出光譜、單一模態(tài)選擇、分布式反饋激光器；光的電子-光學調(diào)制：光學放大器、光電探測器、雪崩光敏二極管、光學接收器的前置電路設計、基本的光-電子連接。</p><p>　　5.功率電子學和驅(qū)動</p><p>　　這個單元的

63、學習涉及直流電機的工作原理和直流電機驅(qū)動相關的直流功率控制技術，要求學生已學過基本的電磁場電路理論。這個單元的學習將促進學生在電力行業(yè)中的進一步學習和工作。</p><p>　　主要內(nèi)容包括：他勵、串勵、并勵和復勵式直流發(fā)電機的電氣特性、直流發(fā)電機的電壓控制，分勵、串勵、并勵和復勵直流電動機的電氣特性、直流電動機的啟動和速度控制，靜態(tài)變換，二極管整流，交流-直流轉(zhuǎn)換，Buck（巴克）、Boost（巴斯特）和巴克-

64、巴斯特轉(zhuǎn)換器，逆變轉(zhuǎn)換器。</p><p>　　電子設備通常都可以分成兩類：模擬的和數(shù)字的。示波器也有模擬的和數(shù)字的。模擬示波器工作時是直接用待測電壓去控制電子束在示波器屏幕上的運動，電壓使電子束向上或向下偏離，偏離幅度與電壓值成正比，在屏幕上顯示波形。這種方法是給出波形的瞬時圖像。</p><p>　　作為對比，數(shù)字示波器卻是對電壓波形采樣，并用一個模/數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換器把待測電壓轉(zhuǎn)換成數(shù)字信號，