如何輔導(dǎo)學(xué)生參加英語能力競賽

1、如何輔導(dǎo)學(xué)生參加英語能力競賽,大葉大學(xué)外語學(xué)院周碩貴11/11/2014,大綱,一、前言二、題型概觀 學(xué)科 術(shù)科 (寫作、口語簡報)三、指導(dǎo)策略四、結(jié)語,一、前言,職場英文為新興競賽職種，辦理歷程為：1. 99 松山家商 觀摩賽2. 100 豐原高商 觀摩賽3. 101 臺南高商 辦理第一屆競賽4. 102 中山商工 辦理第二屆競賽5. 103 彰化高商 辦理第三屆競賽,參加對象

2、：商業(yè)類科所有學(xué)生，含商管群、外語群、設(shè)計群。,一、前言,http://www.tcavs.tc.edu.tw/upload/1030925151328.pdf,二、題型概觀,試題分成學(xué)科與術(shù)科兩大部分。學(xué)科為閱讀測驗，術(shù)科又分為：1. 英文寫作。2. 職場英語簡報製作及口頭簡報 (簡稱口語簡報)。,題型概觀—學(xué)科,學(xué)科試題含三部分，共50題：1. 字彙題。 20題。2. 綜合測驗 (Cloze)。 3段，15題。3. 閱讀

3、測驗。 3段，15題。作答時間：60分鐘。,題型概觀—術(shù)科,1. 寫作為一題引導(dǎo)式作文，要求字?jǐn)?shù)約120字。 作答時間：40分鐘。2. 口語簡報為閱讀一篇沒有題目的段落，之後製作ppt (需為短文下標(biāo)題，限10頁)，再上臺簡報。 準(zhǔn)備時間：60分鐘，口頭簡報5分鐘。103年競賽規(guī)定請參閱：http://59.125.86.121/skill_competition_bu103/File/Rule/11.pd

4、f,三、指導(dǎo)策略—學(xué)科,1. 兩屆正式競賽的結(jié)果顯示：學(xué)生的閱讀能力落差相當(dāng)大。2. 閱讀能力是職場英文競賽的基礎(chǔ)，除學(xué)科外，英文寫作和口語簡報也都要讀懂題目說明或工作要求(task demands)，才能正確作答。,三、指導(dǎo)策略—學(xué)科,3. 純就學(xué)科言，單字量(vocabulary size)和利用前後文線索(Context clues)的能力很重要。4. 此外就是了解主旨(main idea)或主題句(topic sentenc

5、e)的能力。5. 即便以口語簡報而言，其中一項工作要求就是下標(biāo)題。因此學(xué)生必須在短時間內(nèi)找到關(guān)鍵字(keywords)、主題句，分辨出篇章結(jié)構(gòu)(text structure)，才能正確地寫出標(biāo)題。,The knowledge hypothesis “Students with large vocabularies related to a given topic also have more knowledge about

6、 the topic, which in turn produces better comprehension.”Vacca & Vacca, 1986, p. 302,有關(guān)字彙量的假設(shè),唯一策略：養(yǎng)成平日大量閱讀或泛讀習(xí)慣,Example 1: Ben is wealthy, but he is not parsimonious. He gives a lot of money to the poor.,Usi

7、ng Context Clues,Using Context Clues,Example 2: For his crime, he was ostracized by the tribe. Under threat of death, he could never return to his country.,Example 3: Liberation from depression and panic is fre

8、quently accompanied by an increase in the body’s interleukins, vital substances in the immune system that help activate cancer-killing immune cell.,Using Context Clues,課堂教學(xué)多做練習(xí)，先從老師示範(fàn)思考過程(Think Aloud)做起，逐漸把此一能力轉(zhuǎn)移給學(xué)生。,三、指

9、導(dǎo)策略—術(shù)科(英文寫作),1. 讀懂題目的寫作要求。2. 想出這個題目的關(guān)鍵字。3. 主題句、結(jié)論句寫作教學(xué)。4. 依據(jù)題目的性質(zhì)，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)钠陆Y(jié)構(gòu)與結(jié)構(gòu)用字(signals, markers)來寫短文。注意:1. 避免拼字錯誤。2. 文法錯誤越少越好。,篇章結(jié)構(gòu),1.Expository text (1) Descriptive (2) Sequence (time order) (3) Cause/Eff

10、ect (4) Problem/Solution (5) Comparison2.Narrative textStory grammar—Universal structure,From Meyer, B. (1999),篇章結(jié)構(gòu)圖示,(1) Descriptive,Describe the topic, telling the reader what it is likeExamples of signals are f

11、irst, second, third, next, then and finally. Order is NOT important.,(2) Sequence (time order),Events are in time or include an order of events in a procedure which are explained when using a sequential text structure.

12、Examples of signals are first, second, third, next, then and finally. Order is important,(3) Cause/Effect,Many events in history or natural phenomena happen as a result of other events. Often multiple events can occur

13、from a single cause, which makes the relationships more complex.Examples of signals are why, if, then, as a result, therefore, because, reasons, causes etc.,(4) Problem/Solution,Causes people to look for solutions and a

14、ct upon them.Examples of signals are problem is, dilemma is, puzzle is, solve, question, answer, etc.,(5) Comparison,Comparing two or more ideasExamples of signals include different, in contrast, alike, same as, on the

15、 other hand, etc.,不管使用哪種結(jié)構(gòu)，篇章的內(nèi)容通常由下列三部分構(gòu)成：(1) Introduction (topic sentence)(2) Supporting information (presence of the structure)(3) Conclusion,篇章構(gòu)成,除了前述的結(jié)構(gòu)用字，下列的transitional expressions亦可教導(dǎo)學(xué)生適時使用。(1) Adding an idea

16、: also, in addition, moreover, etc. (2) Contrasting: however, nonetheless, on the contrary, etc.(3) Showing similarity: similarly, likewise,善用Transitional expressions,(4) Showing result: as a result, consequently, ther

17、efore, accordingly, etc.(5) Giving examples: for example, for instance(6) Explaining: in other words, that is(7) Summarizing: in short, in conclusion, above all, etc.,善用Transitional expressions,Topic sentence,Topic se

18、ntence is the main idea of a paragraph. When placed first, the topic sentence makes a generalization for the rest of the information in the paragraph. When placed at the end of the paragraph, the sentence serves to summa

19、rize or draw conclusions from the details that precede it. Some paragraphs such as newspaper writing do not always contain a topic sentence.,…I’ve learned a few things about what our children need most from their parents

20、. First, they need our time.  And more important than the quantity of hours we spend with them is the quality of those hours.  Maybe it’s just asking about their day, or talking a walk together, but the smalles

21、t moments can have the biggest impact. They also need structure, including learning the values of self-discipline and responsibility. Malia and Sasha may live in the White House these days, but Michelle and I still make

22、sure they finish their schoolwork, do their chores, and walk the dog. And above all, children need our unconditional love – whether they succeed or make mistakes; when life is easy and when life is tough.…,Remarks of Pr

23、esident Barack Obama http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/06/18/weekly-address-celebrating-fathers-day,找出主題句與辨識結(jié)構(gòu)練習(xí)(1/6),…I’ve learned a few things about what our children need most from their parents. Fir

24、st, they need our time.  And more important than the quantity of hours we spend with them is the quality of those hours.  Maybe it’s just asking about their day, or talking a walk together, but the smallest mom

25、ents can have the biggest impact. They also need structure, including learning the values of self-discipline and responsibility. Malia and Sasha may live in the White House these days, but Michelle and I still make sure

26、they finish their schoolwork, do their chores, and walk the dog. And above all, children need our unconditional love – whether they succeed or make mistakes; when life is easy and when life is tough.…,Remarks of Preside

27、nt Barack Obama http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/06/18/weekly-address-celebrating-fathers-day (Enumeration),找出主題句與辨識結(jié)構(gòu)練習(xí)(1/6),We're not all born with sunny disposit

28、ions, but experts have identified stress-management strategies that anyone can adopt. Avoid situations that you know cause stress, for example. Discuss problems with friends, family or a mental-health professional before

29、 they take on a life of their own. Face stress head-on and don't resort to coping mechanisms--smoking, eating more and exercising less--that only add to the strain. You can't avoid stress altogether, but you can

30、learn to keep it at bay.,找出主題句與辨識結(jié)構(gòu)練習(xí)(2/6),We're not all born with sunny dispositions, but experts have identified stress-management strategies that anyone can adopt. Avoid situations that you know cause stress, for

31、example. Discuss problems with friends, family or a mental-health professional before they take on a life of their own. Face stress head-on and don't resort to coping mechanisms--smoking, eating more and exercising l

32、ess--that only add to the strain. You can't avoid stress altogether, but you can learn to keep it at bay. (Enumeration),找出主題句與辨識結(jié)構(gòu)練習(xí)(2/6),We use money to buy what we need. But many thous

33、ands of years ago, people did not have money. They traded for what they wanted. They might trade seashells for food. They might trade a bag of salt for a sheep. Later, people used gold and silver to trade. This was the f

34、irst money. Then people in China came up with money made of paper. Paper was a lot easier to carry than chunks of gold! It was a lot easier to carry than big bags of salt. Today there are about 140 different kinds of pap

35、er money in the world.,找出主題句與辨識結(jié)構(gòu)練習(xí)(3/6),We use money to buy what we need. But many thousands of years ago, people did not have money. They traded for what they wanted. They might trade seashells for food. They might tra

36、de a bag of salt for a sheep. Later, people used gold and silver to trade. This was the first money. Then people in China came up with money made of paper. Paper was a lot easier to carry than chunks of gold! It was a lo

37、t easier to carry than big bags of salt. Today there are about 140 different kinds of paper money in the world. (Time Order),找出主題句與辨識結(jié)構(gòu)練習(xí)(3/6),The poor attendance in Professor Wang’s class has several causes.

38、 First, the classroom is uncomfortable. It is very warm, and there are no windows for ventilation. In addition, the class meets at 8:00 a. m. This hour is too early for most college students. Third, students seldom atten

39、d this class because of the teachers’ personality. He is unpleasant, humorless man, and his lectures are boring. For these reasons, even though students know the time of class clearly, they do not like to attend Professo

40、r Wang’s class.,找出主題句與辨識結(jié)構(gòu)練習(xí)(4/6),The poor attendance in Professor Wang’s class has several causes. First, the classroom is uncomfortable. It is very warm, and there are no windows for ventilation. In addition, the class

41、 meets at 8:00 a. m. This hour is too early for most college students. Third, students seldom attend this class because of the teachers’ personality. He is unpleasant, humorless man, and his lectures are boring. For thes

42、e reasons, even though students know the time of class clearly, they do not like to attend Professor Wang’s class. (Cause/Effect),找出主題句與辨識結(jié)構(gòu)練習(xí)(4/6),Driving requires concentration, and it may

43、 raise blood pressure and the risk of cardiac incident. Researchers have found that road-trippers were more likely to suffer a heart attack than vacationers who took planes, trains, or other modes of travel. There are so

44、me tips for heart-healthy journey:1.Don’t rush. Hurrying has been linked to increased heart attack risk. Leave early if possible.2.Take breaks. Too much sitting raises the risk of blood clots. Stop to stretch every hou

45、r or so.3.Have enough drink of water. Dehydration may make your heart work harder.The above tips will surely ease travel tension.,找出主題句與辨識結(jié)構(gòu)練習(xí)(5/6),Driving requires concentration, and it may raise blood pressure and th

46、e risk of cardiac incident. Researchers have found that road-trippers were more likely to suffer a heart attack than vacationers who took planes, trains, or other modes of travel. There are some tips for heart-healthy jo

47、urney:1.Don’t rush. Hurrying has been linked to increased heart attack risk. Leave early if possible.2.Take breaks. Too much sitting raises the risk of blood clots. Stop to stretch every hour or so.3.Have enough drink

48、 of water. Dehydration may make your heart work harder.The above tips will surely ease travel tension. (Problem/solution),找出主題句與辨識結(jié)構(gòu)練習(xí)(5/6),No matter how much money Pepsi spends on advertising, Coke will always be bett

49、er in my opinion. First of all, it is not as sweet as Pepsi. It has just the right amount of carbonation. In addition, the packaging of the product is more unique than Pepsi. The can is recognizable even from a distance.

50、 Coke has also played a more interesting part in American history than Pepsi. In the end, even if famous actors or sport stars try to convince me about the greatness of Pepsi, it will not change my mind. For me, it is “a

51、lways Coca-Cola.”,找出主題句與辨識結(jié)構(gòu)練習(xí)(6/6),No matter how much money Pepsi spends on advertising, Coke will always be better in my opinion. First of all, it is not as sweet as Pepsi. It has just the right amount of carbonation.

52、In addition, the packaging of the product is more unique than Pepsi. The can is recognizable even from a distance. Coke has also played a more interesting part in American history than Pepsi. In the end, even if famous a

53、ctors or sport stars try to convince me about the greatness of Pepsi, it will not change my mind. For me, it is “always Coca-Cola.” (Comparison/Contrast),找出主題句與辨識結(jié)構(gòu)練習(xí)(6/6),1. 先讀過一遍，不必查單字，辨

54、識篇章結(jié)構(gòu)。2. 找出主題句，略加改寫，或直接複製。3. 如無主題句，找出關(guān)鍵字自己造句。4. 將題目置於第一張PPT，說明今天要介紹的題目。5. 依篇章結(jié)構(gòu)概念，將細(xì)節(jié)依序置於PPT介紹。6. 找出或自行造結(jié)論句。,三、指導(dǎo)策略—術(shù)科(口語簡報),7. 咬字清楚。8. 眼神應(yīng)在PPT和評審間游移。9. 開場和結(jié)語常用語的使用。,三、指導(dǎo)策略—術(shù)科(口語簡報),四、結(jié)語,1. Rome wasn’t built in a

55、day. 從高一開始訓(xùn)練。2. Practice makes perfect.融入課室教學(xué)，增加練習(xí)機(jī)會。3. Build up students’ confidence is important. It is useful in competitions. 4. Teach English metacognitively and gradually shift the responsibility to the studen