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1、外文題目：TheeconomicoftheGrameenBank出處：ABell&HowellInfmationCompany作者：AmeenFarhad原文：THEECONOMICOFTHEGRAMEENBANKABSTRACTTheGrameenBankhasimprovedthelivesofseveralmillionpopeopleinruralBangladeshbyprovidingthemwithcredit.Using

2、aninnovativegrouplendingprogramthebankhasbeenabletorecover97%ofitsloans.ThisdissertationisanattempttoundersttheintricaciesoftheGrameenBank’screditprogramtothrowlightonthosefeaturesofitsinnovativeinstitutionsetupthatmakei

3、tsosuccessfulinrecoveringitsloans.Thedissertationisdividedintosixchaptersganizedasfollows.IfirstdescribetheinstitutionalsetupoftheGrameenBankitsgrouplendingprogram.Idrawonmaterialobtainedfrominterviewswithbankstaffbrowsd

4、uringafieldtriptotheKonokdiabranchofthebankinPatuakhali.Thisisfollowedbyaneconomicanalysisofthebankslendingprogram.Ianalyzethemultifacetedroleofgrouplendinginspecificwaysinwhichtheincentivescreatedbytherequirementtofmgro

5、upsaffectsgroupcompositiontheincentivesfpeersupptpeersupervisionloanrepayment.UsingafmalmodelIanalyzetheeffectofonespecificfeatureoftheGrameenBank–“staggereddisbursement”ontheexpectedloanrecoveryrate.InatwobrowermodelIsh

6、owthatwhenloandisbursementisstaggeredtheprobabilityofloanrecoveryishigherwhenbrowersarelinkedtogetherinagroupthanwhenthereisnosuchgroupinterlinkage.Ianalyzetheimplicationsofloanstaggeringonbrowerwelfare.Thedissertational

7、soincludesanempiricalanalysisofthedeterminationofloanrepaymentintheGrameenBank.UsingpaneldatacollectedfromasampleofGrameenBankbranchesbytheWldBankIperfmOLS“fixedeffects”“romeffects”regressionstoexaminetherelationshipbetw

8、eenthevariationinrepaymentratesacrossGrameenBankbranchessuchvariablesastheaverageloansizetheproptionofloanstowomenthedistanceofthebranchfromdistricteHeadquarters.Theresultsthrowlightonsomeofthetheeticalissuesraisedinthet

9、heearlierchapters.IntroductionThemotivationfwritingthisdissertationcamefromlearningoftheexistenceofaveryuniquebanktheGrameenBankinBangladeshthatseemedtoholdthepromiseofananswertotheelusivequestionofhowtoalleviatethedespe

10、ratepovertyfacing2.TheGrameenBankToday:NewActivitiesOvertimetheGrameenBankhasbranchedoutintoneweractivities.Whenthebankfirststarteditconcernedondisturbinggeneralloanstoindividualbrowers.Itthenstartedgivingcollectiveloans

11、togroupsofbrowerssometimestoawholecenterjiontly.Housebuildingloanswereintroducedin1984.Theseloansaregivenonlytobrowerswhohavedemonstratedgoodrepaymentperfmance.Loansaremuchlargerthangeneralloans(aboutTK.15000).Theyarerep

12、ayableover10yearscarryaninterestrateof8%，incontrasttothe20%rateonotherloans.Thebrowerisrequiredtoholdtitletothelonwhichthehouseisbuilt.Browerswithhousebuildingloansusuallyalsohaveageneralloan.Theyarethusabletousepartofth

13、eproceedsfromtheuseofthegeneralloanstohelprepaytheirhousingloans.About10%ofthetotalloandisbursementcurrentlygosetowardhousingloans.MerecentlytheGrameenBankhasstartedoffering“technology”loans.Theseloansareofenusedcollecti

14、velyflargermetechnologyintensivetherefemeexpensiveprojects.Theseloansconstitutesalittlemethan3%ofthetotalamountofloansdisbursed.InadditiontoitsloanprogramstheGrameenBankhasseveralindependentaffiliatedganizations.Theseinc

15、ludetheGrameenTrusttheGrameenUddog.TheGrameenTrustisanonprofitganizationthathasseveralprogramsaimedatdisseminatinginfmationabouttheGrameenBank’soperationindertohelpreplicationefftsofGrameentypecreditprogramsaroundthewld.

16、TheGrameenTrustinconjunctionwiththeGrameenBankganizesconductstheannualGrameenInternationlDialogueProgrammes.TheseprogramsareaseriesofseminarswkshopsheldinDhakatoprovidean“opptunityfparticipantstogainfirsthexposuretotheph

17、ilosophyoperationalproceduresofGrameenBank.ThetrustalsohasaresearchprogramcalledtheProgrammefResearchonPovertyAlleviation.Thisprogramssponsspublicizespartiallyfundslocalcostsofreserchrelatedtopovertyalleviation.TheGramee

18、nUddoghelpsthoussofpohloomweaversspreadthroughoutBangladesh.Manyoftheseweavershadhloommachinesskillstomakeaveryinexpensivecottonfabric.Yetmanyoftheseloomsremainedunutilizedbecausemostoftheweavershadlittleseedmoneyaccesst

19、oloanstoenablethemtobuythethreadothermaterialsrequiredtomakethefabrics.Theyalsolackedtheresourcesnecessarytomarkettheproduct.TheGrameenBankhasalsoexpedinothersectswiththeaimofincreasingcommercialagriculturalproductioninc

20、omewhileenhancingsoilcapacityothersocialgoals.TheBankisalsoincreasinglyinvolvedinreplicationefftsthroughoutthewld.AstestimonytothesuccessofitsefftstherearenowscesofsuccessfulGrameentypecreditprogramsthroughoutthewld.Econ

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