環(huán)境規(guī)制對大公司生產(chǎn)的影響以西班牙為例的實證分析【外文翻譯】

1、1本科畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯本科畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯題目：題目：TheEffectsofEnvironmentalRegulationontheProductivityofLargeCompanies:AnEmpiricalAnalysisofSpanishCase出處：處：JournalofManagementGovernanceVolume5Number2129152DOI:10.1023A:1013061723180作者：者：CONCHIT

2、AGARCSAYERBECARMENGALVEGRRIZ原文：原文：Abstract：Thisarticleprovidesevidencetothedebateaboutwhethernotinvestmentsdesignatedfcompliancewithenvironmentalperfmancetechnologystardsfavharmthewkproductivityofcompanies.Apaneldatamode

3、lisanalyzedwhichpanelrefersto53largeSpanishcompaniesquotedonthestockexchangethathaveparticipatedinasubsidizedenvironmentalprotectionprogramduringthe1990–1995periodspecificallyintheIndustrialTechnologicalProgramftheEnviro

4、nment(PITMA).ACobbDouglasproductionfunctionisusedtorelatethewkproductivitytoameasureofthepollutionabatementinvestmentdedicatedtocompliancewithstards.Theresultingnegativecoefficientalthoughclosetozeroshouldnotbeinterprete

5、dasaresultderivedfromjustanykindofregulationbutratheraresultofthekindofregulationanalyzedinthiswkmeaningthecommcontrolregulationthatoftenbindscompaniestomakeenvironmentalinvestmentsthatarenotproductiveintheconventionalec

6、onomicsensealthoughtheyareproductiveintermsofenvironmentalquality.InadditionindertospecifythekindofcompanytowhichtheconclusionsofthispaperareapplicabletheacteristicsofthecompaniesthatparticipatedinPITMAareanalyzedcompara

7、tivelywithcompaniesthatdidnotparticipate.Keywds:environmentalregulation.Pollutionabatementinvestmentpterhypothesisproductivity2TheiesTheiesaboutaboutthetheEffectEffectofofEnvironmentalEnvironmentalRegulationRegulationono

8、nthetheProductivityProductivityofofCompanies.Companies.Themostgeneralizedbeliefevidentinconventionalliteratureindicatesthatenvironmentalregulationimprovestheoveralleconomicwellbeingattheexpenseofbusinessproductivity.Thel

9、iteraturethatarguesthispointofviewaroseintheseventiesaperiodintheUnitedStateswhenaprocessofenvironmentalregulationinindustrycoincidedwithanotabledecreaseintheindicatsofproductivitygrowth.3improvementsinproductivitycanonl

10、ybecapturedintermsofthevariationsintheproductionofoutputsintheconsumptionoftheinputsthataredirectlyquantifiableinmoaryunits.NeverthelesslikeStewart(1993)indicatesthebenefitsofanappropriateenvironmentalregulationdonotonly

11、consistofthemoarybenefitsbutalsoofnonmoarybenefits–theenjoymentofcleanairanondegradedlscapefexample.Inspiteofthedrawbacksthataccompanytheappraisaloftheextraeconomicbenefitsenvironmentalcostssomeauthsproposeindicatsthatal

12、lowthesekindsofexternalitiestobeincluded.Thesecondargumentthatjustifiesthenegativeeffectsonproductivitypointsoutthepossibilitythatcapitalinvestmentsfprotectingtheenvironmentcanbeshiftedtootherinvestmentsthataredirectlypr

13、oductiveintheconventionalsense(Jaffeetal.1995).ThishypothesishasbeencontrastedempiricallybysomeauthssuchasRose(1983)whosetimatesthattheinvestmentsinenvironmentalcapitalreducetheinvestmentsinotherkindsofcapitalalthoughthe

14、ratioofthereductionislessthanonetoone.Denison(1979)Nswthyetal.(1979)alsofindthattheinvestmenttargetedf“nonenvironmental”capitaldecreasestotheextentthattheinvestmentinpollutionabatementcapitalincreases.GrayShadbegian(1993

15、1998)neverthelessdisagreewiththepreviouswkstheyfindthatinsomesectssuchasthepapersectthereisapositivecrelationbetweenthe“directlyproductive”investmentsthoseinvestmentsdirectedatprotectingtheenvironment.Therestoftheargumen

16、tspresentedintheliteraturefjustifyingthenegativeimpactofenvironmentalregulationaredirectlyrelatedtothenatureofsaidregulation.Inthissensefouraspectsinparticularhavebeenconsidered:rigidityuncertaintypermissivenessvoluntari

17、sm.RegardingrigiditywhichreferstothedegreethattechnologycomponentsspecificmethodsarerequiredGrayShadbegian(1995)indicatethatthesaidrigiditymayconstituteanobstaclewhenchoosingtheoptimumcombinationofinputs.Thisdrawbackacqu

18、iresspecialimptancewhenthecomplianceperiodisnotsufficientlyflexiblewhennosuitableenvironmentalofferexistsgiventhattheadoptionofnewcleantechnologiesmaybecarriedoutbefethesetechnologiesaresufficientlydevelopedfromthepointo

19、fviewofproductionefficiency.RegardinguncertaintyAshfdetal.(1985)affirmthatthealltoofrequentchangesinregulationrequirementsmayeventuallyfrustratetechnologicaldevelopment.Thereasonisfoundinthefactthatcompaniesmaintaintheex

20、pectationofanewregulationtheypostponetheinvestmentinnewplants(Viscusi1983)thedevelopmentofnewproducts(Hoergeretal.1983).Someauthsalsofindaproblemwiththepermissivenessofcertainenvironmentalregulationsthatexemptthemostobso

21、leteproductionplantsfromtherequirements.Thispermissivenessmaycausesomelowproductionplantstodelayinvestmentinnewmeefficientplantsindertomaintainaprivilegedposition(GrayShadbegian1995Jaffeetal.1995).Finallysincethebeginnin

22、goftheniiesextensiveliteraturehasemergedthatanalyzestherelativeefficiencyofdifferentenvironmentalinstrumentsaccdingtotheirvoluntarism.Ingeneraltheauthsdedicatedtostudyingthisquestionestablishabasicdistinctionbetweentheco