2023年全國碩士研究生考試考研英語一試題真題（含答案詳解+作文范文）_第1頁
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1、外文翻譯原文ToKeepCompetitsatBayPulltheRightValueChainLeversMaterialSource:GlobalsourcesAuth:MarcWacoRogerWeryUncertaintyriskemergeatalllevelsintheganization.Howeverthestakesareextremelyhighfcpatestrategy.Unftunatelybusinesses

2、continuetotreatuncertaintymeasartthanscience.Yesquantitativemeanscanhelpevaluateprobableoutcomestheexpectedvalueofvariousactionsbutthesetoolsusuallyareappliedonlytoevaluateascenario.Evenmerelevantisevaluatinghowacompanyc

3、anlessenuncertaintybychangingitsstructure.Themanysourcesofuncertaintygenerallyfallintooneofthreecategies:economicfcescompetitiveactionstechnologicalchange.Economicfcesmayincludegrowthrecessionsindustrycyclesfluctuationsi

4、ncommoditymarketconditions.Competitivethreatsextendbeyondthecurrentcompetitstoincludenewentrants.Thesethreatsmaytakethefmoflargercompaniesthatbringeconomiesofscalechannelcontroladvantageverticalintegrationbyothervaluecha

5、inmembers.Technologicaluncertaintypresentsaspectrumofrisksfromnewcompetitiveplatfmstosubstitutetechnologies.Thelatternotonlyreplaceacompanysceproductsbutcanalsorenderobsoleteyourentiretechnologyproductroadmap(fexampledev

6、elopmentoftransistsafterthevacuumtubeofpersonalcomputersaftertypewritersofthefacsimilemachineafterthetelegraph).Understingthenatureofthesesourcesisthefirststepinaddressingtheuncertaintiestheypose.Afteridentifyingtherisks

7、thenextstepinvolvesexaminingtheseriskspragmatically.Byusingthevaluechainasaframewkmanagementcanevaluatethestructuralactionsitsganizationcantaketoeasetheburdenofspecificrisksassociatedwithitsprimarybusinessstrategy.Avalue

8、chainencompassesthefollowing:researchdevelopment(Rifthemarketdeclinesintheshttermthecompanywillhavevaluableprojectsinthepipelinequeuedupfamarketrebound.Hedgingisalsoatechnologylever.Whenitisunclearwhichtechnologystardwil

9、lprevailinthelongtermcompaniesshouldhaveefftsonmultiplefronts.Thetelecomraceto3Gprovidesagoodexample.GSMCDMAbasedplatfmsbothhaveproponentsmanyofthemajtelecommanufacturershavesolutionsinbothareas.Thoughparalleltechnologyd

10、evelopmentcanbeexpensiveitiseffectiveatlesseningrisk.OperationsLever:IncreasetheSupplyChainsFlexibilityInitsbroadestdefinitionoperationsincludesalltheprocessesthatbuyreceiverawmaterialstransfmthemintoafinalproductdistrib

11、utetheproducttothecustomer.Conventionalwisdomindicatesthatsuccessfuloperationsareefficienttheymaximizeutilizationofcapitalassetsemployeeproductivity.Suchthinkinghasdrivencompaniestobuildlargerfactiespurchasemecomplexmach

12、inery.Ofcoursethesecapitalinvestmentsexacerbatetheeffectofuncertaintyembeddingfixedcostsintotheproductthatmakeitunprofitableatlowervolumes.Effectiveoperationsleversincreasetheinherentflexibilityofacompanyssupplychainothe

13、roperationalcomponentsthusimprovingitsabilitytostartstopslowaccelerateproduction.Operationsleversthatwkagainsteconomicfcesfocusonlevelingproductionspeaksvalleys.Outsourcingistheobviouslever.Contractmanufacturing(CM)relat

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