公共健康法

1、Introduction,公共健康法的概念,公共健康法的概念:Lawrence O. Gostin， Georgetown UniversityPublic health law is the study of the legal powers and duties of the state to assure the conditions of the people to be healthy and the limitation

2、on the power of the state to constrain the autonomy, privacy, liberty, proprietary, or other legally protected interests of individuals for the protection or promotion of community health.,公共健康法的概念:Lawrence O. Gostin， Ge

3、orgetown University Five essential characteristics of public health law,衛(wèi)生法的概念:黎東生，廣州中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)教授 衛(wèi)生法學(xué)是研究衛(wèi)生法律規(guī)范及其發(fā)展規(guī)律的法律學(xué)科。 衛(wèi)生法學(xué)是法律學(xué)科，是研究衛(wèi)生法這一特定的社會現(xiàn)象及其發(fā)展變化規(guī)律的科學(xué)，是醫(yī)學(xué)與法學(xué)交叉、融合的法律邊緣學(xué)科。 衛(wèi)生法學(xué)研究的對象和內(nèi)容十分豐富。衛(wèi)生法學(xué)要研究衛(wèi)生法的相

4、關(guān)法律、研究各種衛(wèi)生法規(guī)的現(xiàn)象和規(guī)律、研究與衛(wèi)生法相關(guān)的社會問題。 學(xué)習(xí)衛(wèi)生法學(xué)具有十分重要的意義。是依法發(fā)展我國衛(wèi)生事業(yè)的需要、提高衛(wèi)生執(zhí)法水平的需要、規(guī)范衛(wèi)生活動的需要、維護(hù)公民健康權(quán)利的需要。 什么是衛(wèi)生？,衛(wèi)生法的概念:http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=dBYQfxs5ftF6-xcCOLpF4UJXj-7tjI6Ubrm6D28ae_IE45Cuy7iu_UZwFjc6B72u0xyt

5、taU9tZxS7jPcPbpJIK 衛(wèi)生法，是指由國家制定或認(rèn)可的，有關(guān)食品衛(wèi)生、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生、醫(yī)療事故的處理、衛(wèi)生防疫、藥品藥械管理、從業(yè)資格、突發(fā)性公共衛(wèi)生事件的應(yīng)急處理等方面的法律規(guī)范的總稱。屬于特殊行政法。衛(wèi)生法是國內(nèi)法，是調(diào)控國家衛(wèi)生事業(yè)的發(fā)展，調(diào)整衛(wèi)生行政機(jī)關(guān)與相對人相互關(guān)系的法律規(guī)范；衛(wèi)生法調(diào)整的是一種縱向的，以命令與服從為基本內(nèi)容、以隸屬性為基本特征的衛(wèi)生行政關(guān)系；立法目的在于維護(hù)國家安全，維護(hù)衛(wèi)生事業(yè)的公

6、益性地位，及時有效地控制突發(fā)性公共衛(wèi)生事件，維護(hù)衛(wèi)生事業(yè)的健康有序地發(fā)展。衛(wèi)生法從形式到內(nèi)容，都有其自身的特點；有其獨有的功能和基本原則。,WHO definition of Health 健康的定義Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

7、, in accordance with the preamble of the Constitution of WHO. Health is a fundamental human right, recognized in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948). Four key values guide efforts to address health issues:R

8、ecognition of the universal right to healthContinued application of health ethics to policy, research and service provisionImplementation of equity orientated policies and strategies that emphasize solidarityIncorpora

9、tion of a gender perspective into health policies.,WHO definition of Health 健康的定義A health determinant is a force or element that affects health, either positively or negatively. Health is determined by both intrinsic fo

10、rces, such as genetics, behaviour, culture, habits and lifestyles, and extrinsic forces such as preventative, curative and promotional aspects of the health sector, as well as elements outside the health sector including

11、:Economic factors, such as tradeSocial factors, such as povertyEnvironmental factors, such as climate changeTechnological factors, such as information technology.,WHO健康的定義1992維多利亞宣言 THE VICTORIA DECLARATION on Heart

12、 HealthAdoption of the “four cornerstone” approach to heart health:– health-promoting dietary habits;– a tobacco-free lifestyle;– regular physical activity; and– a supportive psycho-social environment,WHO健康的定義1992維

13、多利亞宣言 THE VICTORIA DECLARATION on Heart HealthThe Cornerstones of the Public HealthApproachThe vast majority of adults in industrialized and developingcountries are affected by one or more risk factors for cardiovasc

14、ulardisease. Since these factors are ingrained in the lifestyle andconditions of daily living, the main thrust of heart health policymust be a public health approach, with four cornerstones:– improvement of dietary h

15、abits, in particular a reduction inthe total consumption of fat and saturated fat;– eradication of tobacco use;– increased physical activity in all population groups,commensurate with age and health status; and– all

16、eviation of deleterious psychosocial factors related tocardiovascular disease.,公共健康的定義WHO definition of Public Health http://www.who.int/trade/glossary/story076/en/Public health refers to all organized measures (whet

17、her public or private) to prevent disease, promote health, and prolong life among the population as a whole. Its activities aim to provide conditions in which people can be healthy and focus on entire populations, not on

18、 individual patients or diseases. Thus, public health is concerned with the total system and not only the eradication of a particular disease. The three main public health functions are:The assessment and monitoring of

19、the health of communities and populations at risk to identify health problems and priorities.The formulation of public policies designed to solve identified local and national health problems and priorities.To assure t

20、hat all populations have access to appropriate and cost-effective care, including health promotion and disease prevention services.Public health professionals monitor and diagnose the health concerns of entire communiti

21、es and promote healthy practices and behaviours to ensure that populations stay healthy. One way to illustrate the breadth of public health is to look at some notable public health campaigns:Vaccination and control of i

22、nfectious diseasesMotor-vehicle safetySafer workplacesSafer and healthier foodsSafe drinking waterHealthier mothers and babies and access to family planningDecline in deaths from coronary heart disease and strokeR

23、ecognition of tobacco use as a health hazard.,WHO健康標(biāo)準(zhǔn)http://www.tj.xinhuanet.com/shkj/2006-10/26/content_8359771.htm先有十標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、 1.精力充沛，能從容不迫地應(yīng)付日常生活和工作；     2.處事樂觀，態(tài)度積極，樂于承擔(dān)任務(wù)不挑剔；   &#

24、160; 3.善于休息，睡眠良好；     4.應(yīng)變能力強(qiáng)，能適應(yīng)各種環(huán)境的變化；     5.對一般感冒和傳染病有一定抵抗力；     6.體重適當(dāng)，體態(tài)勻稱，頭、臂、臀比例協(xié)調(diào)；     7.眼睛明亮，反映敏銳，眼瞼不發(fā)炎；   

25、60; 8.牙齒清潔，無缺損，無疼痛，牙齦顏色正常，無出血；     9.頭發(fā)光潔，無頭屑；     10.肌肉、皮膚富彈性，走路輕松。 后有‘五快三良好’標(biāo)準(zhǔn)“五快”是指：     一、吃得快：進(jìn)餐時，有良好的食欲，不挑剔食物，并能很快吃完一頓飯。     

26、;二、便得快：一旦有便意，能很快排泄完大小便，而且感覺良好。     三、睡得快：有睡意，上床后能很快入睡，且睡得好，醒后頭腦清醒，精神飽滿。     四、說得快：思維敏捷，口齒伶俐。     五、走得快：行走自如，步履輕盈。     “三良好”是指：  &#

27、160;  一、良好的個性人格。情緒穩(wěn)定，性格溫和；意志堅強(qiáng)，感情豐富；胸懷坦蕩，豁達(dá)樂觀。     二、良好的處世能力。觀察問題客觀、現(xiàn)實，具有較好的自控能力，能適應(yīng)復(fù)雜的社會環(huán)境。     三、良好的人際關(guān)系。助人為樂，與人為善，對人際關(guān)系充滿熱情。,國家衛(wèi)生與計劃生育委員會http://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/,國家

28、食品藥品監(jiān)督管理總局http://www.sda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0001/,人力資源與社會保障部http://www.mohrss.gov.cn/,我國的醫(yī)保法律政策論文：中國醫(yī)療保險法律體系的發(fā)展與改革張再生 李亞男中國衛(wèi)生政策研究2015 年4 月第8 卷第4 期社會保險法http://www.gov.cn/zxft/ft215/content_1748773.htm相關(guān)立法http://www.mo

29、hrss.gov.cn/gkml/index3.htm,世界衛(wèi)生組織 （World Health Organization) http://www.who.int/en/,美國人民的健康保險：Obamacare患者保護(hù)與平價醫(yī)療法案（Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act，簡稱PPACA），又稱為奧巴馬醫(yī)改（Obamacare），是奧巴馬于2010年3月23日簽署的聯(lián)邦法。PPACA為第1

30、11屆美國國會關(guān)于醫(yī)療改革的主要立法。https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patient_Protection_and_Affordable_Care_Act#Legislative_historyhttp://www.hhs.gov/healthcare/facts-and-features/key-features-of-aca/index.htmlhttp://www.hhs.gov/health

31、care/facts-and-features/key-features-of-aca-by-year/index.htmlhttp://www.hhs.gov/healthcare/facts-and-features/fact-sheets/index.html,澳洲的全民醫(yī)保：Medicarehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicare_Australiahttps://www.humans

32、ervices.gov.au/customer/dhs/medicarehttps://my.gov.au/LoginServices/main/login?execution=e1s1Human Services Act (Medicare) Act 1973https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/C2016C00109Medicare中文簡介http://wenku.baidu.com/link