英國(guó)文學(xué)選讀上名詞解釋(中英文版)

1、ByronicheroAproudmysteriousrebelliousgloomyfigureofnobleiginwithfierypassionsunbendingwillexpressesByron’sownidealoffreedom.Herisesagainsttyrannyinjusticebuthe’smerelyalonefighterstrivingfpersonalfreedom.SonAsonisa14line

2、lyricpoemwithasingletheme.Sonsvarybutareusuallywritteniniambicpentameterfollowingoneoftwotraditionalpatterns:thePetrarchanItaliansontheShakespeareanEnglishson.Asongenerallyexpressesasinglethemeidea.SonSon是一種歐洲傳統(tǒng)的非常有影響力的詩(shī)

3、歌形式。從形式上來(lái)說(shuō)它有14行詩(shī)構(gòu)成，通常是五步抑揚(yáng)格，有著嚴(yán)格的特定的押韻方式。莎士比亞的十四行詩(shī)非常出名。LakePoetsTheLakePoetsalllivedintheLakeDistrictofEnglattheturnofthenieenthcentury.Asagrouptheyfollowednosingle“school“ofthoughtliterarypracticethenknownalthoughtheirw

4、kswereunifmlydisparagedbytheEdinburghReview.TheyareconsideredpartoftheRomanticMovement早期浪漫主義詩(shī)人Wdswth，Coleridge和Southey，也被稱(chēng)為湖畔派詩(shī)人。他們都住在英國(guó)西北部的湖區(qū)，并且在文學(xué)和社會(huì)見(jiàn)解上有著一致性。湖畔派詩(shī)人主要回憶快樂(lè)的舊英格蘭時(shí)代，把自然看作是精神上的避難所，因?yàn)樗麄儜峙录磳⒌絹?lái)的工業(yè)化和城市化。Metaphys

5、icalpoetry（玄學(xué)派詩(shī)歌）（玄學(xué)派詩(shī)歌）Metaphysicalpoetryiscommonlyusedtonamethewkofthe17thcenturywriterswhowroteundertheinfluenceofJohnDonne.2witharebelliousspirit，theMetaphysicalpoetstriedtobreakawayfromtheconventionalfashionoftheEli

6、zabethanlovepoetry.3thedictionissimpleascomparedwiththatoftheElizabethantheNeoclassicalperiods，echoesthewdscadencesofcommonspeech.4theimageryisdrawnfromactuallife.MetaphysicalpoetsisatermcoinedbythepoetcriticSamuelJohnso

7、ntodescribealoosegroupofBritishlyricpoetsofthe17thcenturywhosewkwasacterizedbytheinventiveuseofconceitsbyspeculationabouttopicssuchaslovereligion.JohnDonneisthemostimptantrepresentative.玄學(xué)派詩(shī)歌玄學(xué)派詩(shī)歌一般用來(lái)稱(chēng)呼那些在JohnDonne影響下寫(xiě)作的

8、作家的作品。玄學(xué)派詩(shī)人一種背叛精神去試著打破傳統(tǒng)的伊麗莎白愛(ài)情詩(shī)的束縛。玄學(xué)詩(shī)歌多使用巧智（witconceit），結(jié)構(gòu)精巧（ingeniousstructure），韻律多變（irregularmeter），語(yǔ)言口語(yǔ)化（colloquiallanguage），意象奇特（elabateimagery），并把不同的事物并置（adrawingtogetherofdissimilaridea）。它們的意象多來(lái)源于現(xiàn)實(shí)生活。Neoclassici

9、sm（新古典主義）Inthefieldofliteraturetheenlightenmentmovementbroughtaboutarevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalwks.2thistendencyisknownasneoclassicism.TheNeoclassicistsheldthatfmsofliteratureweretobemodeledaftertheclassicalwksoft

10、heancientGreekRomanw14.Streamofconsciousness（interimonologue）Inliterarycriticism，Streamofconsciousnessdenotesaliterarytechniquewhichseekstodescribeanindividual?spointofviewbygivingthewrittenequivalentoftheacter?sthoughtp

11、rocesses.Streamofconsciousnesswritingisstronglyassociatedwiththemodernistmovement.Itsintroductionintheliterarycontext，transferredfrompsychology，isattributedtoMaySinclair.Streamofconsciousnesswritingisusuallyregardedasasp

12、ecialfmofinterimonologueisacterizedbyassociativeleapsinsyntaxpunctuationthatcanmaketheprosedifficulttofollow，tracingastheydoaacter?sfragmentarythoughtssensyfeelings.FamouswriterstoemploythistechniqueintheEnglishlanguagei

13、ncludeJamesJoyceWilliamFaulkner.學(xué)術(shù)界認(rèn)為意識(shí)流是一種通過(guò)直接描述人物思維過(guò)程來(lái)尋求個(gè)人視角的文學(xué)寫(xiě)作技巧。意識(shí)流是現(xiàn)代主義運(yùn)動(dòng)的體現(xiàn)，它首先出現(xiàn)在心現(xiàn)學(xué)領(lǐng)域，由梅。辛克拉提出的，后引進(jìn)文學(xué)領(lǐng)域。意識(shí)流寫(xiě)作通常被認(rèn)為是一種特殊形式的內(nèi)心獨(dú)白。它的特別是聯(lián)想性，以句法和標(biāo)點(diǎn)的跳躍，文章的晦澀難懂為特征。來(lái)表現(xiàn)人物的片斷思維和感官性直覺(jué)。比較著名的使用此技巧的有喬伊斯。福克納。MetaphysicalPoet

14、ry(玄學(xué)派詩(shī)歌)Thepoemsof17thcenturyEnglishpoetswhoseverseisacterizedbyanintellectuallychallengingstyleextendedmetaphscomparingverydissimilarthings.玄學(xué)派詩(shī)歌：17世紀(jì)英國(guó)詩(shī)人的詩(shī)歌，這種詩(shī)歌的特點(diǎn)是風(fēng)格極具智慧，引人深思，善用引申的暗喻來(lái)對(duì)比極其不同的事物.Realism(現(xiàn)實(shí)主義)Therepres

15、entationinartliteratureofobjectsactionssocialconditionsastheyactuallyarewithoutidealizationpresentationinabstractfm.現(xiàn)實(shí)主義：在藝術(shù)或文學(xué)中將事物，行為或社會(huì)狀況按其起初情況進(jìn)行的表現(xiàn)，而不用模糊的形式來(lái)表現(xiàn)或理想化Soliloquyistheactoftalkingtooneselfwhethersilentlyalou

16、d.Indramaitdenotestheconventionbywhichaacteraloneonthestageuttershisherthoughtsaloud.Playwrightshaveusedthisdeviceasaconvenientwaytoconveyinfmationaboutaacter’smotivesstateofmindfpurposeofexpositionsometimesindertoguidet