nce4課文文本word

1、新概念第四冊文本新概念第四冊文本1）Wecanreadofthingsthathappened5000yearsagointheNearEastwherepeoplefirstlearnedtowrite.Buttherearesomepartsofthewldwhereevennowpeoplecannotwrite.Theonlywaythattheycanpreservetheirhistyistorecountitassagas

2、legendsheddownfromonegenerationofstytellerstoanother.Theselegendsareusefulbecausetheycantellussomethingaboutmigrationsofpeoplewholivedlongagobutnonecouldwritedownwhattheydid.Anthropologistswonderedwheretheremoteancestsof

3、thePolynesianpeoplesnowlivinginthePacificIslscamefrom.ThesagasofthesepeopleexplainthatsomeofthemcamefromIndonesiaabout2000yearsago.Butthefirstpeoplewhowerelikeourselveslivedsolongagothateventheirsagasiftheyhadanyarefgott

4、en.Soarchaeologistshaveneitherhistynlegendstohelpthemtofindoutwherethefirstmodernmencamefrom.Ftunatelyhoweverancientmenmadetoolsofstoneespeciallyflintbecausethisiseasiertoshapethanotherkinds.Theymayalsohaveusedwoodskinsb

5、utthesehaverottedaway.Stonedoesnotdecaysothetoolsoflongagohaveremainedwheneventhebonesofthemenwhomadethemhavedisappearedwithouttrace.2）WhyyoumaywondershouldspidersbeourfriendsBecausetheydestroysomanyinsectsinsectsinclude

6、someofthegreatestenemiesofthehumanrace.Insectswouldmakeitimpossiblefustoliveinthewldtheywoulddevourallourcropskillourflocksherdsifitwerenotftheprotectionwegetfrominsecteatinganimals.Weowealottothebirdsbeastswhoeatinsects

7、butallofthemputtogetherkillonlyafractionofthenumberdestroyedbyspiders.Meoverunlikesomeoftheotherinsecteatersspidersneverdotheleastharmtousourbelongings.Spidersarenotinsectsasmanypeoplethinknevennearlyrelatedtothem.Onecan

8、tellthedifferencealmostataglancefaspideralwayshaseightlegsaninsectnevermethansix.HowmanyspidersareengagedinthiswkonourbehalfOneauthityonspidersmadeacensusofthespidersinagrassfieldinthesouthofEnglheestimatedthattherewerem

9、ethan2250000inoneacrethatissomethinglike6000000spidersofdifferentkindsonafootballpitch.Spidersarebusyfatleasthalftheyearinkillinginsects.Itisimpossibletomakemethanthewildestguessathowmanytheykillbuttheyarehungrycreatures

10、notcontentwithonlythreemealsaday.IthasbeenestimatedthattheweightofalltheinsectsdestroyedbyspidersinBritaininoneyearwouldbegreaterthanthetotalweightofallthehumanbeingsinthecountry.T.H.GILLESPIESparethatSpiderfromTheListen

11、er3）Modernalpiniststrytoclimbmountainsbyaroutewhichwillgivethemgoodsptthemedifficultitisthemehighlyitisregarded.Inthepioneeringdayshoweverthiswasnotthecaseatall.Theearlyclimberswerelookingftheeasiestwaytothetopbecausethe

12、summitwastheprizetheysoughtespeciallyifithadneverbeenattainedbefe.Itistruethatduringtheirexplationstheyoftenfaceddifficultiesdangersofthemostperilousnatureequippedinamannerwhichwouldmakeamodernclimbershudderatthethoughtb

13、uttheydidnotgooutoftheirwaytocourtsuchexcitement.Theyhadasingleaimasolitarygoalthetop!Itishardfustorealizenowadayshowdifficultitwasfthepioneers.ExceptfonetwoplacessuchasZermattChamonixwhichhadrapidlybecomepopularAlpinevi

14、llagestendedtobeimpoverishedsettlementscutofffromcivilizationbythehighmountains.Suchinnsastherewereweregenerallydirtyfleariddenthefoodsimplylocalcheeseaccompaniedbybreadoftentwelvemonthsoldallwasheddownwithcoarsewine.Oft

15、enavalleyboastednoinnatallclimbersfoundshelterwherevertheycouldsometimeswiththelocalpriest(whowasusuallyaspoashisparishioners)sometimeswithshepherdscheesemakers.Invariablywereinsomesensecosmicbeingsinviolentanlovelycontr

16、astwithussuburbancreatures.AllthatisinmymindwhenImeetayoungperson.HemaybeconceitedillmanneredpresumptuousoffatuousbutIdonotturnfprotectiontodrearyclichesaboutrespectfeldersasifmereagewereareasonfrespect.Iacceptthatwearee

17、qualsIwillarguewithhimasanequalifIthinkheiswrong.7）IamalwaysamazedwhenIhearpeoplesayingthatsptcreatesgoodwillbetweenthenationsthatifonlythecommonpeoplesofthewldcouldmeetoneanotheratfootballcrickettheywouldhavenoinclinati

18、ontomeetonthebattlefield.Evenifonedidntknowfromconcreteexamples(the1936OlympicGamesfinstance)thatinternationalsptingcontestsleadtogiesofhatredonecoulddeduceitfromgeneralprinciples.Nearlyallthesptspractisednowadaysarecomp

19、etitive.Youplaytowinthegamehaslittlemeaningunlessyoudoyourutmosttowin.Onthevillagegreenwhereyoupickupsidesnofeelingoflocalpatriotismisinvolveditispossibletoplaysimplyfthefunexercise:butassoonasthequestionofprestigearises

20、assoonasyoufeelthatyousomelargerunitwillbedisgracedifyoulosethemostsavagecombativeinstinctsarearoused.Anyonewhohasplayedeveninaschoolfootballmatchknowsthis.Attheinternationallevelsptisfranklymimicwarfare.Butthesignifican

21、tthingisnotthebehaviouroftheplayersbuttheattitudeofthespectats:behindthespectatsofthenations.whowkthemselvesintofuriesovertheseabsurdcontestsseriouslybelieveatanyratefshtperiodsthatrunningjumpingkickingaballaretestsofnat

22、ionalvirtue.8）Parentshavetodomuchlessftheirchildrentodaythantheyusedtodohomehasbecomemuchlessofawkshop.Clothescanbeboughtreadymadewashingcangotothelaundryfoodcanbeboughtcookedcannedpreservedbreadisbakeddeliveredbythebake

23、rmilkarrivesonthedostepmealscanbehadattherestaurantthewkscanteentheschooldiningroom.Itisunusualnowffathertopursuehistradeotheremploymentathomehischildrenrarelyifeverseehimathisplaceofwk.Boysaretherefeseldomtrainedtofollo

24、wtheirfathersoccupationinmanytownstheyhaveafairlywidechoiceofemploymentsodogirls.Theyoungwageearneroftenearnsgoodmoneysoonacquiresafeelingofeconomicindependence.Intextileareasithaslongbeencustomaryfmotherstogoouttowkbutt

25、hispracticehasbecomesowidespreadthatthewkingmotherisnowanotunusualfactinachildshomelifethenumberofmarriedwomeninemploymenthavingmethandoubledinthelasttwentyfiveyears.Withmotherearninghisolderchildrendrawingsubstantialwag

26、esfatherisseldomthedominantfigurethathestillwasatthebeginningofthecentury.Whenmotherwkseconomicadvantagesaccruebutchildrenlosesomethingofgreatvalueifmothersemploymentpreventsherfrombeinghometogreetthemwhentheyreturnfroms

27、chool.9）Notallsoundsmadebyanimalsserveaslanguagewehaveonlytoturntothatextradinarydiscoveryofecholocationinbatstoseeacaseinwhichthevoiceplaysastrictlyutilitarianrole.Togetafullappreciationofwhatthismeanswemustturnfirsttos

28、omerecenthumaninventions.Everyoneknowsthatifheshoutsinthevicinityofawallamountainsideanechowillcomeback.Thefurtheroffthissolidobstructionthelongertimewillelapsefthereturnoftheecho.Asoundmadebytappingonthehullofashipwillb

29、ereflectedfromtheseabottombymeasuringthetimeintervalbetweenthetapsthereceiptoftheechoesthedepthoftheseaatthatpointcanbecalculated.Sowasbntheechosoundingapparatusnowingeneraluseinships.Everysolidobjectwillreflectasoundvar

30、yingaccdingtothesizenatureoftheobject.Ashoaloffishwilldothis.Soitisacomparativelysimplestepfromlocatingtheseabottomtolocatingashoaloffish.Withexperiencewithimprovedapparatusitisnowpossiblenotonlytolocateashoalbuttotellif