英美文學名詞解釋

1、01.Humanism(人文主義)HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.2itemphasizesthedignityofhumanbeingstheimptanceofthepresentlife.Humanistsvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmanwasthecenteroftheuniversemandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyof

2、thepresentlifebuthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselftoperfmwonders.02.Renaissance(文藝復興)Thewd“Renaissance”means“rebirth”itmeantthereintroductionintowestermEuropeofthefullculturalheritageofGreeceRome.2theessenceoftheRenaissancei

3、sHumanism.Attitudesfeelingswhichhadbeenacteristicofthe14th15thcenturiespersistedwelldownintotheeraofHumanismrefmation.3therealmainstreamoftheenglishRenaissanceistheElizabethandramawithwilliamshakespearebeingtheleadingdra

4、matist.03.Metaphysicalpoetry(玄學派詩歌)Metaphysicalpoetryiscommonlyusedtonamethewkofthe17thcenturywriterswhowroteundertheinfluenceofJohnDonne.2witharebelliousspirittheMetaphysicalpoetstriedtobreakawayfromtheconventionalfashi

5、onoftheElizabethanlovepoetry.3thedictionissimpleascomparedwiththatoftheElizabethantheNeoclassicalperiodsechoesthewdscadencesofcommonspeech.4theimageryisdrawnfromactuallife.04.Classism(古典主義)Classismreferstoamovementtenden

6、cyinartliteraturemusicthatreflectstheprinciplesmanifestedintheartofancientGreeceRome.Classicismemphasizesthetraditionaltheuniversalplacesvalueonreasonclaritybalanceder.Classicismwithitsconcernfreasonuniversalthemesistrad

7、itionallyopposedtoRomanticismwhichisconcernedwithemotionspersonalthemes.05.Enlightenment(啟蒙運動)EnlightenmentmovementwasaprogressivephilosophicalartisticmovementwhichflourishedinfrancesweptthroughwesternEuropeinthe18thcent

8、ury.2themovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissancefrom14thcenturytothe17thcentury.3itspurposewastoenlightenthewholewldwiththelightofmodernphilosophicalartisticideas.4itcelebratedreasonrationalityequalityscience.Itadvocatedu

9、niversaleducation.5famousamongthegreatenlightenersinenglwerethosegreatwriterslikeAlexerpope.Jonathanswift.etc.06.Neoclassicism(新古典主義)Inthefieldofliteraturetheenlightenmentmovementbroughtaboutarevivalofinterestintheoldcla

10、ssicalwks.2thistendencyisknownasneoclassicism.TheNeoclassicistsheldthatfmsofliteratureweretobemodeledaftertheclassicalwksoftheancientGreekRomanwriterssuchAccdingtotheaesthetesallartisticcreationisabsolutelysubjectiveasop

11、posedtoobjective.Artshouldbefreefromanyinfluenceofegoism.Onlywhenartisfart’ssakecanitbeimmtal.Theybelievedthatartshouldbeunconcernedwithcontroversialissuessuchaspoliticsmalitythatitshouldberestrictedtocontributingbeautyi

12、nahighlypolishedstyle.4ThisisoneofthereactionsagainstthematerialismcommercialismoftheVictianindustrialeraaswellasareactionagainstthevictianconventionofartfmality’ssakeartfmoney’ssake.美學運動的基本原則”為藝術而藝術”最初由法國詩人西奧費爾.高締爾提出英國運

13、用該美學理論的第一人是沃爾特.佩特.美學主義崇尚藝術高于生活認為生活應模仿藝術而不是藝術模仿生活.在美學主義看來所有的藝術創(chuàng)作都是絕對主觀而非客觀的產(chǎn)物.藝術不應受任何功利的影響只有當藝術為藝術而創(chuàng)作時藝術才能成為不朽之作.他們還認為藝術不應只關注一些熱點話題如政治和道德問題藝術應著力于以華麗的風格張揚美.這是對維多利亞工業(yè)發(fā)展時期物質崇拜的一種回應也是向藝術為道德或為金錢而服務的維多利亞傳統(tǒng)的挑戰(zhàn).12.Thevictianperio

14、d(維多利亞)Inthisperiodthenovelbecamethemostwidelyreadthemostvitalchallengingexpressionofprogressivethought.Whilestickingtotheprincipleoffaithfulrepresentationofthe18thcenturyrealistnovelnovelistsinthisperiodcarriedtheirduty

15、fwardtocriticismofthesocietythedefenseofthemass.2althoughwritingfromdifferentpointsofviewwithdifferenttechniquestheysharedonethingincommonthatistheywereallconcernedaboutthefateofthecommonpeople.Theywereangrywiththeinhuma

16、nsocialinstitutionsthedecayingsocialmalityasrepresentedbythemoneywshipUtilitarianismthewidespreadmiserypovertyinjustice.3theirtruthfulpictureofpeople’slifebitterstrongcriticismofthesocietyhaddonemuchinawakeningthepublicc

17、onsciousnesstothesocialproblemsintheactualimprovementofthesociety.4lesDickensistheleadingfigureoftheVictianperiod.13.Modernism(現(xiàn)代主義)Modernismiscomprehensivebutvaguetermfamovementwhichbegininthelate19thcenturywhichhashada

18、wideinfluenceinternationallyduringmuchofthe20thcentury.2modernismtakestheirrationalphilosophythetheyofpsychoanalysisasitstheeticalcase.3thetermpertainstoallthecreativearts.Especiallypoetryfictiondramapaintingmusicarchite

19、cture.4inenglfromearlyinthe20thcenturyduringthe1920s1930sinAmericafromshtlybefethefirstwldwaronduringtheinterwarperiodmodernisttendencieswereattheirmostactivefruitful.5asfarasliteratureisconcernedModernismrevealsabreakin