[教育]英美文學(xué)欣賞資料-stephen_cra

1、,,,,The Red Badge of Courage《紅色英勇勛章》,組: 劉燕 劉思宇隋普海 鹿順厚,,十組：劉燕 劉思宇隋普海 鹿順厚,Stephen Crane(1871-1900),American novelist, short story writer, poet and journalist As a representative of American Naturalism and Impr

2、essionism, Stephen Crane is recognized by modern critics as one of the most innovative writers of his generation.,,,3,1,2,Introduction,Life,Crane, the youngest of 14 children, was born in 1871 in Newark, New Jersey. His

3、 father was a strict minister, who died in 1880, leaving his devout, strong mother to raise the rest of the family. He attended preparatory school at the Claverack College (1888-1890).He spent less than two years at Sy

4、racuse University and then went to New York City to become a journalist .,He wrote his first book, Maggie: A Girl of the Streets and published it in 1893 at his expense.In 1895 the publication of The Red Badge of Coura

5、ge and of his first book of poems, The Black Riders, brought him international fame.He was hired to go to Cuba as a journalist to cover the Spanish-American War .On the way to the island, Crane was in a shipwreck. This

6、 experience directly led to his most famous short story "The Open Boat" (1897).,When staying in Jacksonville, Florida, he met the owner of a brothel(妓院), Cora Taylor. This meeting was the beginning of a love a

7、ffair and she accompanied him to Greece as he reported on the Greco-Turkish War for New York newspapers; and stayed with him until the end of his life.,After reporting on the Spanish-American War, Crane returned home to

8、 England, where he made friends with Joseph Conrad, H.G. Wells, and Henry James.The stress of this life, compounded by an almost blatant（公然的） disregard for his own health, led to his contracting tuberculosis （肺結(jié)核）.He d

9、ied in June 1900, at the age of 29.,,His Major Works,Novels Maggie: A Girl of the Streets 《街頭女郎瑪吉》 The Red Badge of Courage 《紅色英勇勛章》 The Little Regiment  The Third Violet Active Service George's Mot

10、her,,the first work of American literary Naturalism.,Short Stories The Open Boat 《海上扁舟》The Monster 《怪物》The Blue Hotel 《藍(lán)色旅館》The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky 《新娘來到黃天鎮(zhèn)》Poems The Black Riders 《黑騎者》 War is Kind

11、 《戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是仁慈的》Historical bookGreat Battles of the World 《世界之偉大戰(zhàn)役》,Poetry,The poetic style was unconventional.It was written in free verse without rhyme, meter, or even titles for individual works.They are typically

12、 short in length and most do not use stanzas(節(jié)) and refrains（疊句）.,Significant Style,Crane's works reflect many of the major artistic concerns at the end of the nineteenth century, especially naturalism, impressionism

13、, and symbolism.His works insist that people live in a universe of vast and indifferent natural forces. Many readers (including Hamlin Garland and Joseph Conrad, who were personal friends of Crane) have used the term “

14、impressionist” to describe Crane's vivid renderings of visual beauty and uncertainty.,,One of the finest books of American literatureIt was innovative stylistically as well as psychologically. Often described as a w

15、ar novel, it focuses less on battle and more on the main character's psyche and his reactions and responses in a wartime situation.,The Red Badge of Courage: an episode of the American Civil War,18-year-old private H

16、enry Fleming is filled with boyish dreams of the glory of war.,Fearing the battle is a lost cause, Henry deserts his regiment（團(tuán)）.,,He discovers a decaying body. In his distress, hethen finds a group of injured men. One

17、member ofthe group, a “tattered soldier”, asks Henry wherehe is wounded, but he dodges(躲避) the question.,He next joins a retreating column that is in disarray（無秩序）. In the panic, a man hits Henry on the head with his r

18、ifle, wounding him.,When he arrives at camp, the other soldiers believe his injury resulted from a bullet during battle. The other men care for him, dressing his wound.,In the ensuing（接下來的） fight, Henry proves to be a ca

19、pable soldier.,He discovers from the commanding officer that his regiment has a lackluster（平凡的） reputation. The officer speaks casually about sacrificing the regiment because they are nothing more than "mule drivers

20、" and "mud diggers".,Henry acts as the flag-bearer after the color sergeant falls. Facing withering fire if they stay, and disgrace if they retreat, the officers order a charge. Unarmed, Henry leads the m

21、en while entirely escaping injury, finally proving his courage as a man.,"So vivid a picture of the emotions and the horrors of the battlefield that you will pray your eyes may never look upon the reality."

22、 ----The Detroit Free Press“It is one of the finest books of our literature, and I include it entire because it is all as much of a piece as a great poem is.&q

23、uot; ----Men at War: The Best War Stories of All Time Ernest Hemingway,,As the novel

24、 opens, Henry's understanding of courage is traditional and romantic. He assumes that, like a war hero of ancient Greece, he will return from battle either with his shield or on it. At the end of the novel, as the

25、mature Henry marches victoriously from battle, a more subtle and complex understanding of courage emerges.,Courage,Manhood,At first, he laments（痛惜） that education and religion have tamed men and made them so pale and dom

26、estic. As he goes to the battlefield, he becomes more and more convinced that he will be a hero, a real man. By the novel's end, Henry learns that the measure of one's manhood lies more in the complex ways in w

27、hich one negotiates one's mistakes and responsibilities than in one's conduct on the battlefield.,Self-Preservation(自我保護(hù)),When he flees from battle, he believes that each being will do whatever it takes, includi

28、ng running from danger, in order to preserve itself. Soon after he discovers the corpse(尸體) of a soldier, Henry realized that the world is largely indifferent to his life. Courage and honor make him believe it is worth

29、 preserving the lives of others, but the death compels Henry to question the importance of these qualities.,The Universe’s Disregard for Human Life,Henry's realization that the natural world spins on regardless of th

30、e manner in which men live and die is perhaps the most difficult lesson that Henry learns as a soldier. Shortly after Henry stumbles upon a dead soldier, whose rotting body serves as a powerful reminder of the universe