初中英語語法精講動(dòng)詞不定式用法

1、9Aunit3語法（一）動(dòng)詞不定式用法語法（一）動(dòng)詞不定式用法動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句中不能獨(dú)立作謂語。但動(dòng)詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞特征，在句中可以作主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語、表語和狀語等多種成分。另外，動(dòng)詞不定式具有動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，可以有自己的賓語和狀語，組成動(dòng)詞不定式短語。動(dòng)詞不定式的肯定形式是to＋do；其否定形式是notto＋do。下面以動(dòng)詞不定式在句中的作用來予以詳細(xì)說明。1作主語作主語可以直接作主語。如：Tos

2、eeistobelieve但在英語中，常用it作形式主語，真正的主語即動(dòng)詞不定式放在后面。如：ItswrongtoplaytricksonotherpeopleItsourdutytokeepourenvironmentcleantidy點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律：動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作主語時(shí)，常放在Itis＋adj（形容詞）＋todosth或Itis＋n（名詞）＋todosth句型中，it僅作形式主語。2作賓語作賓語awant，decide，agree等動(dòng)

3、詞后面跟并且只能跟不定式。如：WeagreedtostartearlyShewantstobeadoctblove，like，begin，start，hate，prefer等詞后面可以接不定式。點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律：上述動(dòng)詞后面除接不定式外，還可以接動(dòng)名詞，意思無很大區(qū)別。提示板：likedoing指經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作，而liketodo指一次性的動(dòng)作。如：Ilikeswimming，butIdontliketoswimnow我喜歡游泳，但我現(xiàn)在不想游。c

4、stop，fget，remember，goon，try等詞或短語后面可以接不定式。點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律：上述動(dòng)詞后面接不定式和接動(dòng)名詞意思大不相同。提示板：1）stoptodosth：停止一件事，去做另一件事。stopdoingsth：停止正在做的事。例句：Whentheteachercamein，thestudentsstoppedtalking；whenhecameout，thestudentsstoppedtotalk當(dāng)老師走進(jìn)來時(shí)，學(xué)生們停

5、止說話；當(dāng)老師走出去時(shí)，學(xué)生們又開始說話。2）思考：fget，remember，goon，try等詞或短語后面接不定式和動(dòng)名詞用法有何區(qū)別？d在find／feel＋it＋adj＋todosth句型中，it是形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的動(dòng)詞不定式。如：ThemandownstairsfounditdifficulttogettosleepIfeeliteasytorecitethetext點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律：某些動(dòng)詞或短語后面既可以接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓

6、語，又可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，二者用法上的區(qū)別可以通過造句子加以區(qū)分，如上面stop例句。3作賓語補(bǔ)足語作賓語補(bǔ)足語atell，ask，want，der，teach，invite，warn，wish，help，get，wish，help等詞后面常接不定式作賓補(bǔ)。如：ItellhimnottogotherebybusEdisonsmothertaughthimtoreadwriteblet，make，have，see，hear，feel，wat

7、ch，notice后面接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。如：Thebossmakesthemwk16hoursadayIheardhersinginthenextroom提示板：若變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)，在上述結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式符號to要加上。如：Theyaremadetowk16hoursadaybythebossShewasheardtosinginthenextroom4作定語作定語：放在被修飾的名詞、代詞后面3.Ilearnt______(swim)

8、whenIwasthreeyearsold.4.Iwasveryupsetstarted_____(cry).5.Ihope_______(see)youagainsoon.6.ItisafinedaytodaysoIsuggest_____(go)fawalk.7.Haveyoufinished_________(mop)theflo.8.Hewasveryangryrefuse__(say)anything.9.WhereisLil

9、yIneed________(talk)withher.10.IamtoofatsoIhavedecided_________(do)meexercise.二.選出正確答案()1.Iusuallygo________withmymotheratweekends.A.shopB.toshopC.shopping()2.Heisnotoldenough________toschool.A.togoB.goC.going()3.Themana

10、dmitted_________thebank.A.robB.torobC.robbing()4.Peoplemuststop________downtrees.A.tocutB.cuttingC.cut()5.I’drather_______acupofcoffee.A.tohaveB.havingD.have()6.Mikemanagedtogiveup_________.A.tosmokeB.smokingC.smoke()7.I

11、amsrytohavekeptyou________fsuchalongtime.A.towaitB.waitingC.wait()8.Shehasanicevoice.Ioftenhearher________inthemning.A.singingB.tosingC.sing()9.Idon’tliketravelingbyboatitalwaysmakesme______sick.A.tofeelB.feelingC.feel()

12、10.Letme_______youaroundthecity.A.showB.toshowC.showing()11.Iputtheflowersonthepch_______fromtherain.A.protectingB.toprotectC.protectedD.tobeprotected()12.Kathydecided______hardmakeherself______behindtheothers.A.towknotf

13、allB.wkingnottofallC.towkfallD.wkingtofall()13.Shefgot_______theTVwhenshelefthome.A.toturnoffB.turnedoffC.turningoffD.turnoff()14.Myparentswantme________goodmarks.A.getB.togetC.gettingD.got()15.ThedoctaskedMary________th

14、emedicinethreetimesaday.A.nottoremembertakingB.nottofgettakingC.nottoremembertotakeD.nottofgettotake()16.Hisjobis________thestudents’meetings.A.ganizeB.toganizeC.ganizingD.ganized()17.Whatabout_______alettertoyourfriendo

15、ntheInterA.trysendingB.trytosendC.tryingsendingD.tryingtosend()18.Lethim________itbyhimself.A.todoB.doingC.didD.do()19.Thecustomerswatchedtheunusualbird_______intheinn.A.danceB.todanceC.dancedD.dancing()20.Atthepolicesta